The cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector of parasitic disease which is transmitted via a dipterous insect bite, the phlebotomus. It always poses a problem for public health in Morocco and in many countries. It is a widespread pathology that develops under sporadic or endemic form. Having for objective to analyse the epidemiological situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis within Meknes prefecture and to detect the locations that are at risk to transmit this disease. We have offered to conduct a retrospective study of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases registered at the level of this prefecture all along the period of 2009 through 2013. This research aims to analyse the annual segmentation of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases according to urban or rural locations as well as the level of incidence by commune and by sectors. Data used is adopted for the epidemiological surveillance inserted in the register of the Epidemiological cell of the prefecture. The studied variables are: the number of cases, the year, the place, and the sector. To collect and to analyse data, we have used excel application. A total of 56 cases are registered by the prefectural cell of epidemiology (EPC) all along the period of 2009 through 2013 among which 56 percent are from the rural areas. 46 percent are from the urban locations. We have equally observed that this pathology spreads in the majority of sectors and locations in the prefecture, with a variable scale of incidence depending on the years. A predominance of the rural sectors :( DKHISSA and Wallili) is noted. In addition, to some urban sectors: (Sidi Amer, Ras Aghil) to take the case 2012 incidence: in respect to the following data : 65.1 ;59.1;23.64; 9.49. These findings are worth reconsideration by other studies in order to determine the ecology and dynamics of the population vector of this disease within range of the main locations of this prefecture.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is now a major public health problem in the world as well as in Morocco. The situation appears particularly worrying in hospital since it disseminates the micro-organisms to long distance, and insidiously contributes to their transmission to various inert media. Infections favored may be reduced by the mastery of the environment and the establishment of good disinfection strategy, based on natural and powerful molecules. In this context, we have tested the antibacterial action of two essential oils (Thymus vulgaris and Lavandula officinalis) on 27 strains collected from the environment of the Al Ghassani hospital's hemodialysis center of Fez city. The determination of the antibacterial power was conducted by the Vincent method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the various essential oil were determined by the solid medium diffusion method. The oil of Thymus vulgaris showed a strong antimicrobial activity against the strains studied with diameters of inhibitions between 16 to 40 mm. The HE Lavandula officinalis presented narrow antibacterial activities, with diameters of inhibition ranging from 8 to 28 mm. The MIC of lavender are more important than those of thyme. This activity could be due to a synergy of their major compounds. It would be interesting to analyze the chemical composition of these oils, to maximize the impact of the factors that can amplify their efficacy, and to establish disinfection

A total 226 meat and some product meat samples were collected from different production point in Fez city (Morocco) and were analyzed, in order to determine the hygienic quality of those products. In this regard, aerobic mesophilic flora, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, sulphito-reducing Clostridium, Salmonella spp., were counted on meat and some product meat samples that were diluted serially (ten-fold) and inoculated on selective media. The microbiological quality analysis showed that 67.29% of these samples are non-compliant. The Results obtained showed that the beef piece represents a 66.66% of non-compliance rate; beef mincemeat 73.38%; 70.96% for meat sausages; beef liver 63.63%. Concerning poultry, the rate of non compliance is the 58.69% for poultry meat; the 90.00% for poultry mincemeat; the 90.90% for chicken sausage; the 16.66% for chicken liver. By against, the charcuteries have a 26.66% the non-compliant rate. The origin of the non-compliance of the meat and meat product (beef and poultry) samples are the bacterial indicators of fecal contamination with a percentage the 89.94%, followed by pathogens and toxigenic germs such as Salmonella of 31.84%; sulphite-reducing anaerobes 23.46% and 16.75% of Staphylococcus aureus. The serotyping of 23 salmonella strains has identified various serotypes, such as S.kentucky, S.enteritidis, S.kouka, S.sao, S.westhampton, S.mentson, S.anatum, S.chichester, Salmonella Group C3 and Salmonella Group E4. The results obtained may present a real danger of food poisoning. However, hygiene precautions must be applied and imposed to sector concerned, in order to improve the hygienic quality of the meat and meat products in different points of production (slaughter, processing, transport and sale).

Sensitivity tests were performed according to the World Health Organization protocol (WHO) for three essential oils (Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) Citrus sinensis (orange) and Pistacia lentiscus) and four chemical insecticides (Malathion Temephos Fenthion and Fenitrothion) used as a positive controls. Essential oils have shown an interesting larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens, with an interesting lethal doses (LD50= 35 ppm and LD90=70 ppm) in the case of Citrus aurantium essential oils and (LD50= 64 ppm and LD90 = 120 ppm) using Citrus sinensis while the LD50 and LD90 were, respectively, in the case of Pistacia lentiscus 62ppm and 160ppm. Chemical insecticides, used as a positive control, showed a significant larvicidal activity. The larvicidal activity of essential oils could have a great interest in the domain of vector control. This is because of problems caused by the use of chemical insecticides (environmental pollution, resistance, hazards to human health).