Département: Droit Public, Centre des Etudes Doctorales, Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales, Université Mohamed 5 souissi, Rabat, Maroc
Urban growth is one of the most striking phenomena of our contemporary societies. The urban course is accelerating. Cities emerging everywhere and take various forms: small large cities, megacities.... with their share of problems and difficulties: Integration, development, security, mobility, accessibility, safety, cohesion and solidarity. Public policy integration and development are struggling to form a strategic long-term vision to settle the crisis while degraded areas. This is the logic of urgency that characterizes these policies. And the urgency is the by-product of unconsciousness and lack of accountability in urban planning. She never used to provide definitive and lasting solutions to social inclusion objectives. What to give a political dignity to people who feel stigmatized forced into relegation and individual and collective despair of life?
The mix is proper to a mixture of heterogeneous elements or different character. Social diversity as the co or cohabitation in the same place people or groups socially, culturally or even of different nationalities. This leads us to consider the social mix as the co or cohabitation in the same place people or groups socially, culturally or even of different nationalities. The mix would be a cure for the ills of modern city, see generated by it. Taking the usual comments, whether from the press or urban studies and without prejudging their reality or can mention the contrast between rich areas and poor areas, difficult areas that go adrift, "ghettos" problems also raised by what would be a crisis of social bond, "divide", which would result in the increase in crime, the development of anonymity, individualism, exclusion. The urban sprawl, museification center are also discussed. Mainly mixed should ensure mixing of different social categories, brewing itself being a guarantor of social cohesion. In this way, the mix would be the guarantee of harmony in difference. So gather the diversity of social groups in the city is a concern that does not start today or even yesterday. This dream has lived the great utopian thought from Plato to Thomas More. The pioneers of modern urbanism designed projects for some forms of social diversity. That said, the theme of social diversity is mobilized as a central objective of urban policy. These policies are designed to cope with the rise of urban poverty analyzed in terms of social and urban exclusion. They are based on the model of a "balanced" society seamlessly blending social classes, ethnic groups and generations to ward crystallization pockets of poverty that would be problematic because at the basis of a culture of poverty, development insecurity or the establishment of an "underclass".
The theme of social cohesion was mobilized as a central objective of urban policy. These policies are designed to cope with the rise of urban poverty analyzed in terms of social and urban exclusion. They are based on the model of a "balanced" society seamlessly blending social classes, ethnic groups and generations to ward crystallization of pockets of poverty that would be problematic because at the basis of a culture of poverty, development insecurity or the establishment of a underclass. Ghettos have long been the bane of governments. High unemployment, poverty, crime ... These neighborhoods combine the social difficulties. Many experts question whether the cohabitation of the middle class and the poor can actually manage to pull up the most modest. And it goes against the nature of social behavior, usually people move to a neighborhood that resembles them. Diversity sought cannot be so temporary, social divisions are a permanent feature of the city, and mixed situations are almost always temporary, sooner or later, segregation eventually increase. To solve the problems of deprived neighborhoods, policies focus only on urban planning. Social cohesion is thus conceived as a way to create a diverse and socially balanced city. It is a means to disperse the poor in urban areas to better conceal the problems related to them. Having said that social cohesion is an ideal goal turned into public action.