Contamination of drinking water is an important health risk factor due to the attendant toxic effect linked to it. We therefore assessed the quality of water samples in each of the study areas of Gedyo Zone where water quality suspected with some problems by Zonal water quality administrative. In this study, heavy metals, fluoride, phosphorus light metals and physicochemical parameters of the water samples including pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined. The pH ranged from 6.77 to 8.19; while turbidity ranged from 3.78 to 40.2 NFU for borehole water in the study areas. On the other hand, TDS was in the order of 1.83 to 62. The levels of fluoride and phosphorus are in the acceptable range according to WHO permissive limit. Mean concentration of heavy metals for the water samples in all of the study areas were found to be in WHO acceptable range. However, Iron (Fe) level in Dilla College of Teacher`s Education (DCTE) exceeded WHO permissive level. Findings from this study show that water sources in the DCTE has high amount of iron and its turbidity is very high compared to other site in the study areas, which needs further treatment before dispatching for the public use.

This article first proposes to present the foundations of the country brand through its image and identity components. Then it analyzes the country brand management model in three points: the identification of target groups, associations and positioning trails and finally the influence of the level of economic development on the management of the country brand.
The perception of a country as a brand is then dictated by a desire to better spread internationally in order to increase its attractiveness vis-a-vis those to whom he is interested: tourists, investors and particularly foreign direct investors, expatriates, students, residents, merchants, media, facilitators or relays (such as Tour Operators, airlines) ... To do so, it is important to measure the impact of the country on the behavior of these different audiences targets. These effects therefore vary from one country to another, given the differences in economic, socio-cultural and other factors. But for a country, it turns out that the picture varies over time, due to changes in industrialization, marketing strategies, changing lifestyles, etc. This means that the study of the image of the territories follows two logics based firstly on territorial imaging in relation to economic development, and also on the success of marketing strategies implemented.

Among the variety of activities in which wild chimpanzees use tools, some of the most complex behaviors are seen during nut cracking. As studies of nut cracking have been limited to a few habituated groups of chimpanzees located in a specific area in Ta

The purpose of this article is to analyze trough multidisciplinary approach, the harmonization of security during federal period. The armed forces overcame cultural and political differences inherited from the British and French occupation and set up a unified military force regrouping all ethnic sensibilities before advent of the unitary State. This position is guided by the hypothesis that, a conservative federal constitution on defense and security issues, and an overall socio-political instability prevailing in some parts of the federal state, catalyzed the unification process. They are therefore a model in a context where patriotism, national unity and devotion to the state are not longer upheld in Cameroon.

Two major goals were targeted throughout this qualitative and quantitative research. The provision of an answer to whether the establishment of a curriculum for Drama therapy could help Moroccan speech hearing impaired students to overcome the challenge of maladjustment was the first target. The confirmation of the validity the hypothesis that the establishment of a curriculum for Drama therapy could benefit Moroccan students facing the challenge of speech impairment to achieve catharsis, to improve their knowledge and to impact on the audience was a second target. The findings disclosed that Moroccan students enrolling in Moroccan schools faced challenge with emotional dysfunctions due to a set of factors that accounted for their underachievement at school. The findings revealed also that neither the school curriculum nor the Moroccan teachers placed in charge of them responded to their academic needs. In light of challenges, two outstanding suggestions were made to enlighten Moroccan teachers about what could be incorporated into the curriculum for Drama therapy. Thus, because Shakespeare used characters facing the challenge of impairment in his drama, teachers were solicited to rely on them for the empowerment of non hearing students. This might facilitate the task for Moroccan teachers to introduce Moroccan speech hearing impaired students to drama therapy. It might also help them to come with suggestions about what components of drama therapy should be inserted into the curriculum. The second suggestion placed the focus on giving the chance to Moroccan teachers to take training in Drama therapy. Inspiration was believed to be drawn from British schools A and B.

Over the last few decades, Casablanca city became the biggest industrial, commercial center in Morocco with rapid urbanization and explosive population growth, more than 4 million people. Urban expansion has reached to suburban areas due to population growth and socio economic development, not to mention the rapid increase of transportation. Result of these changes causes a change of microclimate in urban areas. The most evident phenomenon is the increase of urban surface temperature as compared with suburban areas, "heat island" is formed in the atmospheric boundary above urban area. It could make serious environmental problems for its inhabitants (e.g., urban waterlogged and thermal pollution). Thermal infrared remote sensing bands, proved its capability in monitoring temperature field. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of Landsat TM, ETM+, OLI and TIRS data for indicating temperature differences in urban areas, in order to achieve a spatiotemporal study, using data between 1984 and 2014, and showing the relationship between urban expansion and the heat island effect during time, producing maps that shows the distribution of urban temperature. Results can be combined with land use/ land cover maps or thermal-land cover and operated as reference for urban planning and future solutions to reduce heat island effect.

RADAR Cross Section (RCS) is the magnitude that allows to quantify the reflective power of an object, or on the contrary its electromagnetic discretion. In this work, we intend to calculate the RSC of some two-dimensional structures in a homogeneous dielectric material. But first of all, we should begin by studying the theoretical basis of integral equations which allow to reach the calculation of this quantity, which is the RCS. We will describe the theoretical foundations on which the TEHD digital program is based and which we have developed to calculate the RCS of undefined cylindrical dielectrics upon which falls an incident TE wave (E_Z= 0).

Women are the most essential part of our society; without women our society cannot move. There are several social & psychological factors which make a women mentally retarded. Researcher used case study method. In this qualitative research a sample of 10 respondents was selected by using purposive sampling from Multan city for in-depth study. The study concluded the causes of mental disorder were domestic violence, exchange marriages, marriages as migration from rural to urban areas, none of cultural adjustment.

This paper deals with the equation Steklov. The existence and uniqueness results are obtained by Browder Theorem. Our paper is organized as follow: Section 0.2 contains some basic definitions concerning the nonlinear operators that will be used throughout the paper. Also, we introduce the space setting of the problem and give some basic characteristics, as the equivalent norm and imbedding results. In section 0.3 we state the main result on the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions of the problem (P). (S. A. Khafagy 2011).

This article highlights the socio-economic factors that determine coping strategies of producers facing the cotton crisis since 2004. A multinomial logit model is estimated to examine the determinants of the choice of one strategy relative to another. The results show a correlation between socioeconomic factors and the strategies chosen. It is observed that the age of the producer, cotton acreage before the crisis, the total arable land available, involvement in off-farm activities and the lack of financial means affect producer's choices. Financial constraint is the more biding constraint. Under limited financial resources, producers tend to reduce cotton acreage.

The paper considers the design of two-step zero-knowledge protocols of two different types: 1) protocols based on the public encryption 2) protocols based on the public key agreement scheme. The novelty of the proposed design relating to the first type of protocols consists in using specified labels that are embedded in the encrypted message. Due to using the labels the proposed design is free of using hash-functions and provides higher performance and cheaper hardware implementation. The paper describes protocols implemented with using El-Gamal, Rabin, and RSA public-encryption algorithms. There are discussed details of the protocol design, which depends on the used public-encryption algorithm. The novelty of the proposed design relating to the second-type protocols consists in using the public key agreement scheme.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of pollution of wastewater from the city of Nouakchott, Mauritania, including the entry of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with a physic-chemical characterization of the raw water. The average values of the pollution load in terms of organic matter BOD5, COD, nitrogen material of ammonium NH4 +, suspended matter and ortho-phosphate PO43- are 538.71 mg / l, respectively, 1806.76 mg / l 110.8 mg / l, 658.45 mg / l and 111.47 mg / l.
The pH and temperature were determined by a pH meter type HANNA Instruments HI 9622. The conductivity was measured by a type of portable conductivity meter Hanna, COD by a spectrophotometer and a model 45600 COD reactor and the BOD5 a OxiTop and ammonium ions, orthophosphates are analyzed by colorimetric methods using a UV spectrophotometer Visible type 722 S Beijing.
The results achieved show that these raw sewage at the entrance to the WWTP are too loaded pollutants exceeding the standards. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied showing an inertia of 69.61% of F1 and F2 axes exploring the most polluted month.
Due to the ancient of the treatment plant in the city of Nouakchott in Mauritania and the increasing rate of the population of this city so far, it requires renewal and reconstruction of a WWTP that meets the requirements international.

In connection with the recent international crisis, economic activity in Morocco's key partner countries, including the European Union, has slowed significantly, raising fears over the spread of recessionary factors in Morocco. However, macroeconomic fundamentals of Morocco and the strength of domestic demand, could partially offset the effects of the crisis. However, it revealed the degree of trade integration with Morocco and risks borne by the slowdown in foreign demand. The present work aims to assess the synchronization between real Moroccan and European cycles, through an approach based on the study of phenomena of co- movements and relies on parametric methods for detecting turning points of cycles activity.

The study was conducted to compare the effects of different biological insecticides: extracts of Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus globulus, and Spinosad on spider's population in a rice field at an agricultural farm in tehsil Daska of district Sialkot-51310, Pakistan. Spiders, as natural enemies play an important role in keeping pest population under control by not only feeding on pests but also limiting the availability of habitats open to pests by occupying various microhabitats in an agricultural ecosystem. The experiment was laid in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Biological insecticides including two botanical (extracts of Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus globulus) and one microbial (Spinosad) were applied to the rice crop. The spider's population was counted after one, three and seven days from insecticide application. After one day from insecticide application, the reduction in spider's population was 42.18%, 36.68% and 33.38% with Spinosad, A. indica (20% conc.) and E. globolus (20% conc.) respectively. The trend of reduction of spider's population decreased with time from one to seven days. Spider's population showed significantly higher resistance to botanical than microbial insecticide.

In this article, we had studied the touristic site of the Kalamu River in Boma, « Bas-Congo » province in DR Congo. The river had known biophysical changes precisely because of human activities directed toward her. Therefore, these activities have had a negative impact on the smooth running of tourism across the river for nearly 54 years that is why it had been ignored and even forgotten by the people.
Our investigations were based on direct observations, the review of reports and documents of the Boma City office, Agency of Boma National Tourist Office and some research that has been done on this site, and discussion with repentantives of the ONT Agency.
The results obtained show that the river was Kalamu a tourist site visited by various categories of people (fishermen, sailors, officers RVM, population, etc.). It was noticed that the river had lost its normal bed and that during heavy rain, it flooding occurred. The pollution observed introduced the risks of eutrophication of water borne diseases, loss of beautiful scenery, etc. The Baobab site Stanley still remained a special place to visit for tourists of all categories. This publication was done to call the conscience for environmental preservation of the touristic site.

Bukavu has always been subject to natural processes of erosion, transport of large masses of materials and deposit-sedimentation. The natural causes of these phenomena are the important relief and tropical rains, the weathering of rocks related to the tropical climate and the presence of active faults and earthquakes connected to the rift activity.
The present work focuses on the landslides of Ibanda, in Bukavu town. An inventory of 14 landslides has been completed.
A statistical analysis of various parameters (slope, slope orientation, distance to drainage and distance to slop) was made using GIS (Geographic Information System) to describe their influence in triggering landslides. We found that all these parameters do not have more influence on landslides activation, people are playing a big role on activation by looking for ground to build house.
The weighting of these parameters allowed us to map the landslide hazard.

Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum .L) is one of the world's most important and oldest oilseed crops with a high level content of antioxidant known to human health. The antioxidant factors responsible for the stability of roasted sesame seeds is highly affected by the conditions of the roasting process. Survey of the roasting temperature and time effects on antioxidants, phenolic, flavonoids, flavonols, sugar and protein content in sesame seeds was the aim of this investigation. Spectrophotometer methods based on different reagents were used before and after roasting processes. The present study showed that sesame seeds can be considered as a good source of natural antioxidant specially after roasting. The optimum roasting time and temperature to obtain the most antioxidants and total phenolic, flavonoids and other contents was 150

The objective of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of the agromorphological diversity of Cleome gynandra L. of the West of Burkina Faso. Hundred accessions, collected in the vegetable gardens and the natural populations of the sahelo-soudan zone and the soudan zone of Burkina Faso, was evaluated according to a Latinized Alpha-Plan design. Observations and Biometrical measurements were carried on 23 variables. The study revealed a great agromorphological variability within the accessions from the vegetable gardens and those collected in the natural populations. 17 characters - 11 quantitatives and 6 qualitatives discriminate the studied accessions. Highly significant differences at 1% were observed between the accessions of the two climatic zones and between the accessions from the vegetable gardens and those collected in the natural populations. The agronomical performances of the accessions from the sahelo-soudan zone are higher than those of the accessions from the soudan zone. Also, the performances of the accessions from the vegetable gardens are higher than those from the natural populations. Several positive correlations were observed. The study of the structuring of the diversity of the accessions revealed two great sets. The first set is mainly constituted with cultivated accessions and accessions from the sahelo-soudan zone. The second set is mainly constituted with accessions collected in the natural populations and of accessions from the soudan zone. Thus, the growing practices and the climatic zones were the determining factors in the structuring of the diversity of the studied accessions.

Tally is an art practiced by traditional women in Upper Egypt. The art is known as a special kind of embroidery, which uses metal threads on solid fabric or net material. It dates back to the 18th century. It has been used for occasion dresses and shawls. Special Pharaonic, Coptic and Islamic motifs identify this art, in addition to motifs derived from the Egyptian folk heritage such as camel, palm tree, doll and the jockey, which has been formulated in various forms along with abstract geometric motifs, due to the global fashion trend towards the use of luxury fabrics, like studded and embroidered with golden and silver threads.
Therefore, the current research will focus on the use of Egyptian Tally motifs to innovate suitable designs for modern fashion of printed upholstery fabrics using metallic printing on organza fabric, It is a special printing process that produces a shiny design .It can be easily transferred on the fabric, with Foil stamping which is a print process applied of metallic foil, often gold or silver.

This studies analyses some micro level issues related to sickness of brass and bell metal industry in Assam, India, and recommends rejuvenation by adopting appropriate technology, product design, and diversification, use of modern machineries & equipments and paper training to the artisans. An amalgamated and holistic approach has been suggesting for the escalation and endurance of this industry defining the role of government, societies and artisans.

Urban growth is one of the most striking phenomena of our contemporary societies. The urban course is accelerating. Cities emerging everywhere and take various forms: small large cities, megacities.... with their share of problems and difficulties: Integration, development, security, mobility, accessibility, safety, cohesion and solidarity. Public policy integration and development are struggling to form a strategic long-term vision to settle the crisis while degraded areas. This is the logic of urgency that characterizes these policies. And the urgency is the by-product of unconsciousness and lack of accountability in urban planning.
She never used to provide definitive and lasting solutions to social inclusion objectives.
What to give a political dignity to people who feel stigmatized forced into relegation and individual and collective despair of life?

A prospective study of 23 children with bacterial meningitis was conducted at Lwiro Hospital in South- Kivu DRC from 1 January 2012 to 28 February 2013.The proportion of bacterial meningitis among all admitted patient was 4.5%.The mean age was 4.1 years. The peak age of these patients was 5-11 years. The sex ratio was 0.9. Meningocoques were seen in 56.5% followed by pneumocoques in 34.8% and meningitis with Haemophilus influenzae 8.7%.Neurological sequelae were seen in 21.7% patients. The commonest antibiotic used for getting a quick sterilization of the cephalo-spinal liquid was Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone. Mortality of bacterial meningitis was 13%.

Agricultural incentives have long been recognized as a major factor in improving agricultural development. The major thrust of this research was to determine farmer's accessibility to incentives.
The study area was Egbedore Local Government Area of Osun State; interview schedule was used for data collection. A hundred and eleven (111) respondents were interviewed. Descriptive statistics was used to present the result and logit regression analysis was the analytical tools used.
The result shows that 75.7% of the respondents had access to incentive through informal source. It was found that 50.5% of the respondents had low access to incentives and 49.5% of the respondents had high access to incentives. Factors that significantly determined farmer's access to incentives were membership to farmer's association (t=3.609; p< 0.01) and primary occupation (t=-2.203; p < 0.05). The study recommends that farmers should belong to one farmers' group or the other so as to facilitate access to incentives and to facilitate identification of such farmer. Government and non-governmental organization should make effort to provide adequate incentives to the farmers.

The food cereals production increased strongly in the North-Central region of Burkina Faso between 1984 and 2013. However, the driving factors of this trend are not well known. This work aims to identify and analyze the main environmental and human factors that favor the cereals production increase. The hypothesis of this study states that the rainfall, the extent of cultivated areas and the yields influence strongly the cereals production. The methodological approach consisted to collect and analyze data of monthly rainfall from eleven stations and agricultural statistics of sorghum, millet and maize from the region. Statistical analysis consisted in trends assessment, ruptures detection and simple correlations performing between factors. The results showed that the annual cultivated area of sorghum and maize increased ; whereas the annual area of millet declined. The annual productions of sorghum, millet and maize increased. The annual yields of three cereals increased. The rainfall (63,4%), yields (83%) and cultivated areas (77,5%) were the strong driving factors of the annual production increase of sorghum. However, the annual production increase of millet were favored by rainfall (69,3%) and yields (77,2%). Similarly, rainfall (69,5%) and yields (82,5%) have strongly influenced the annual production increase of maize. These results encourage promoting and developing further sustainable agriculture in the North-central region of Burkina Faso.

Some young snails of Limicolaria flammea species of two weeks old, with an average live weight of 0,07