The study was conducted to assess the spatial and seasonal variations of macroinvertebrates into two small marginal lagoons in the South-eastern of Côte d’Ivoire. Macroinvertebrates were obtained monthly using a hand net, a van veen grab and an artificial trap from September 2015 to August 2016. Physical and chemical parameters were quantified using standard methods of analysis. Analysis of the physical and chemical parameters in both lagoons showed significant seasonal variation, except for pH, nitrite and ammonium. We identified 145 and 105 macroinvertebrate species composed of aquatic Insects, Achaeta, Gastropoda, Crustacea and Arachnida respectively in Ono and Hébé lagoons. Megaloptera, Amphipoda and Basommatophora were only found in Ono lagoon whereas Lepidoptera was only present in Hébé lagoon. The highest values were found in dry season (127 taxa) and rainy season (126 taxa) in Ono lagoon whereas in Hébé lagoon, the highest values were found in dry season (93 taxa). The Shannon diversity index and evenness values of 3.72-4.25 and 0.84-0.91 respectively in both lagoons indicate that the macroinvertebrate stands are relatively diversified and balanced. However, the increase of anthropogenic disturbances on these lagoons constituted a real threat of the macroinvertebrates at long term.
Two hundred and twenty-five snails Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1720), of approximately three days old, were subjected to two diets made up of green fodder (R1 and R2) and three concentrated floured diets (R3, R4 and R5) with variable contents of proteins [10,5% (R3);14% (R4) and 17,5% (R5) ], during 50 weeks in breeding.This work aims at studying the effect of the diet and its content of proteins on the growth of this snail, in captivity.The diet R1 consists of Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae), Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), Cecropia peltata (Moraceae), Laportea aestuans (Urticaceae) and Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae).n addition to the sheets used for the diet R1, the diet R2, is added with sheets of Leucena leucocephala (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae), a plant relatively rich in proteins.The growth and the survivals rates of snails subjected to the concentrated floured diet rich in protein were definitely better than those subjected to the diets made up of green fodder relatively low in protein. The weight growth improved with the increase of the content of proteins of concentrated diet. Thus, the best live weight (198,62 g) is presented by snails subjected to R5 follow-up by that obtained with R4 (178,50 g). The vegetable diet R2 containing the sheets of L leucocephala caused the most mortality.The survival rate of A. fulica knew an improvement with the increase in the rate of proteins of the concentrated diets.
Among the variety of activities in which wild chimpanzees use tools, some of the most complex behaviors are seen during nut cracking. As studies of nut cracking have been limited to a few habituated groups of chimpanzees located in a specific area in Ta
Show abstract
Full Text
