Equipe de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Laboratoire d’Environnement et Santé, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
The wastes generated by the care at a hospital are numerous: solids, liquids and other. They give rise to risks of various kinds for the environment and for the health of human. These risks include those related to the existence of parasites, now called medical and pharmaceuticals wastes according to the law 28 00. The present study aims to study the parasitological characterization of hospital effluents. The place chosen for the study is the hospital Mohamed V Meknes because its history (1956) and its fame as care referral center and interregional consultations radiation. It is among the most important hospitals in the kingdom. It serves a population of about 2,125,608 inhabitants in 22 disciplines. The clinical laboratory of the hospital, 25 samples were analyzed over a period of four weeks on the modified Baillenger technique.
The results showed the detection of protozoa, helminths, flatworms, nematodes, tapeworms and others. They have also identified a qualitative variation (different parasite species) and quantitative (concentration per 100ml) of the parasite load.
The present study had the main objective, the quantitative and qualitative characterization of the raw wastewater of STEP Aïn Taoujdate (Morocco) in term of debit and of concentration of the parameters of pollution (TSS, COD and BOD5) which correspond to some given by entries essential for purification processes. On this base, a monthly monitoring in the order of sample a month during 2012, on 2013 and 2014. Also, the medium stocks in 2012 is in the order of 1230 m3 / j (debit), 408 mg / l (TSS), 969 mgO2 / l (COD) and 528 mgO2 / l (BOD5); in 2013, is in the order of 1930 m3 / j (debit), 387 mg / l (TSS), 902 mgO2 / l (COD) and 503 mgO2 / l (BOD5) and in 2014, is in the order of 1859 m3 / j (debit), 475 mg / l (TSS), 1054mgO2 / l (COD) and 491 mgO2 / l (BOD5). Also, this station works in hydraulic load exceeding the reference debit of STEP (1500 m3 / j) with Concentrations of pollutants in the order of 13755 EH (population equivalent) exceeding the maximum theoretical pollutant load for which the station was designed (13330 EH) and make sign sometimes of a sub-capacity of the system of treatment.
Hospitals produce waste in the care unit. The demographic and medical technology change affect the production of waste, said medical and pharmaceutical, is increasing. The importance of quantifying the daily waste generation is well established.
Our study aims to measure the production of solid medical waste at the Mohamed V hospital in Meknes over a period of four weeks and to determine the proportion of hazardous waste. This hospital consists of 9 levels (5 floors, a ground floor and 3 basement) and its shape is radiant in 4 pavilions.
The results show that the production of waste at the Mohamed V hospital remains within acceptable limits of estimated production in Morocco to 3kg per occupied bed per day.
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