At present, the transport of information has become more common, being easier to access it with new technologies, which is why different ways of protecting the sending or transport of it are sought. Continuous chaotic oscillators in time are a special type of non-linear circuits that behave in an aperiodic manner, this being a very useful tool for the protection of information. The objective of this project is to start the creation of a block belonging to an analogue chaotic system, in the future to be able to define all the elements that conform to it, and achieve the creation of the system completely, with analog electronics, through the use of design and code creation software, some basic tests of the operation of MOSFET were performed, to know its function within the creation of the integrator block, and to be able to define all the standards for the correct design of an internal circuit known as OTA Miller, This being our base for the creation of each of the blocks that make up the chaotic system, being the integrating block, the multiplier block and the adding block. Because the applications of the continuous chaotic oscillators in time are carried out through integrated circuits, this work focuses on the development of chaotic oscillator circuits integrated in the long-term chip, this is due to the complexity of the design in this topic , since it was found that the chaotic systems implemented in a chip, it is not so easy to develop, at least the creation of the blocks that make it up is not easy, that is why in this work only the initial design of an integrating block, finding this very useful as a basis for the different building blocks of the system. The achievement of the creation of a chaotic analog system applied to chips or integrated circuits would be a revolutionary way to protect information.

Tetraclinis articulata or berberia thuja is an aromatic plant widely used in traditional medicine in Morocco for its multiple therapeutic virtues. This report presents the first case of contact eczema induced by the single application of a solubilized powder in the water of dried leaves and twigs of Tetraclinis articulata.

The current study offers some avenues for reflection on an innovative pedagogical approach underpinning the use of information and communication technologies in education (ICT). This research concerns a flipped classroom experience on secondary school students, studying the subject of Family Education, more particularly the sequence of protecting the adolescent against social evils: smoking. In order to operationalize it, we implemented a pedagogical engineering in the light of the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The study aims at examining the learners' perception of the flipped classroom, in terms of the learner motivation, the quality of teaching-learning, the use of ICT and possible difficulties related to its application. To have a broad understanding of students' views, the study adopted a mixed approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The results obtained show, in general, the positive effect of the flipped classroom on students' perception. It responds to their learning paces and increases the teacher-students and students-students interaction, which makes it possible for the learners to perform tasks of a high cognitive level, such as the creation of leaflets and posters to raise awareness of the use of tobacco. The study also reveals the important role that ICTs play in the implementation of the flipped classroom. At the same time, a number of areas for improvement were proposed by the learners concerning the nature of classroom activities, equipment and the online course.

In the face of environmental problems, effective teaching about the environment is more than necessary. However, Environmental Education confronts several obstacles at the didactic level. The traditional method dominates the professional practices of teachers. The goal of this research is to make the teaching of Environmental Education more effective. To do this, we adopted a quantitative methodology based on a questionnaire for teachers of Science life and earth and the other for learners. This research shows that teachers need ongoing training in Environmental Education. These courses are essential to offer students a more effective teaching. Also, this research shows that students are motivated in ecological outings and they show great autonomy in their learning processes.

Companies in the digital age are facing multiple challenges to meet the need for growth and production becoming more and more specific and personalized [Caroll and Booth, 2015]. Currently, industrialization is marked by the transition to fourth industrial revolution, called Industry 4.0. This development offers enormous opportunities for both companies and consumers, with unique and original production processes and customer experiences. This article will introduce the concept of industry 4.0 based on recent developments in research and practice, then we will do a summary analysis of the perception of 4.0 among companies, and finally examine whether companies that focus on innovation by Industry 4.0 tools show better performance in terms of productivity, by building a quantitative model of analysis, through the use of survey data on global investments in technology information and the transition to industry 4.0 from 32 major multinational companies listed on the stock market. Our findings link innovation through the use of 4.0 tools and business performance.

The soil profiles of the City of Butembo show « stone-lines » in the open air and over large areas. The study of these « stone-lines » poses a problem of genesis given the often questionable interpretation of the particle size, mechanical and technical analyzes intended to prove the autochthony and the allochtony of the constituent materials. Allochtony at close range is easily confused with autochtony with local reworking. For a good study of the stone lines of the City of Butembo, we used macroscopic and particle size analyzes to assess the shape and size of the materials. The data collected are represented in the form of plates (figures) and graphs for better analysis. The documentary technique has been restricted to works that fit the research theme. As results, the stone lines of the City of Butembo are based on level II of the altered source rock. These « stone-lines » are heterometric with a predominance of pebbles and pebbles (28%), gravels (23%) and coarse sands (10%). Fine materials account for a total of 31%, synonymous with very intense erosion. Some « stone-lines » are located between the A (black or bluish) and B (yellow or red) horizons. These stone-lines are mixed or holometric, and their thickness is reduced (less than 3m), but also their materials are joined or not. Only one “stone line” is double on steep slopes and all the « stone-lines » have undulations.

Studies focusing on the activity of teacher-researchers are a field that is not well invested in the Senegalese context. To contribute to the reflection in this field, the Cheikh Anta Diop University (the most important university in Senegal) has been our empirical field. The data collected at this institution made it possible to compare the types of research conducted in the sample surveyed with what is known from the literature on research profiles. In each of the research activities identified in the sample, we tried to understand some relevant dimensions of performance in relation to what the management literature teaches about this concept. Among other things, the study reveals that the performance considered from a "success" perspective is one of the most salient aspects of the empirical data. Through this facet, we discover the logic of stewardship theory where each respondent (each teacher-researcher) tries to highlight the interest and success of the team, the group and more broadly the organization where he is an actor.

Since 1885, therefore, two major land-grabbing systems coexisted and found themselves in conflict in the DRC. In 1908, the Congo Free State committed itself to respect the existing practices in the Congo, as well as legally acquired rights to third, indigenous and European settlers. It is only with the new land law that soil and subsoil became the exclusive property of the state. This reflected the land management exclusion that customary chiefs had on the part they ran.

The weak hydrogen bond interactions of two stereorisomeric flavanols (catechin and epicatechin) and proline, one of the most abundant amino acids in salivary proteins, have been theoretically investigated by the DFT methods with bases 6-31 G (d,p) and 6-31 + G (d,p). Geometric, energy and spectroscopic parameters were calculated. These confirm the formation of complexes by moderate hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of catechin or epicatechin with the heteroatoms Nsp3, Osp2 and Osp3 of proline. Also, this study establishes that the complexes formed with the proline heteroatoms Nsp3 and Osp2 are the most stable.

The purpose of this study is to determine the dry and wet mechanical resistances after immersion in water of bricks of 15 x 20 x 40 cm3 in sand mortar (cinder blocks) and 10 x 14 x 28 cm3 compressed lateritic mortar bricks (BTC) stabilized with cement. The experimental results obtained show that the 28-day compressive strength values of the 12% cinder blocks and those of the 10% cement Btcs are respectively 2.55 MPa and 7.90 MPa. These values are in accordance with the normative values recommended by the Building Materials Centre (CMC) in N'Djamena (2.4 MPa) and the Land Materials Research Centre (CRATerre) (5 MPa). In the presence of moisture, the loss of resistance is only 28% for BTC and 46% for cinder blocks. Also, the bricks have a suction capacity ranging from 2.50 to 5.02 g/cm² S1/2 for BTC and 6.12 to 10.90 g/cm². S1/2 for cinder blocks. These values are all less than 20 g/cm². S1/2, a value imposed by NF P 554. A comparison of the results of this work shows that, with the same cement content, during dry seasons as in rainy seasons, Btcs are more resistant and more economical than cinder blocks.

In recent years, areas of vegetation and farmland in peripheral areas of the city of Guelma have declined in relation to urban sprawl and gradual subdivision of soils for construction purposes. In this context, it is necessary today to map these areas that play an important role in urban development and environmental quality. The objective of this study is the application of remote sensing indices to map the built-up lands and bare soil in the city of Guelma from the satellite image of the Landsat 8 program of 23 July 2018.The present study is based on bare soil and urban land indexes such as: NDBI, EBBI, UI and NDBaI. The result obtained shows that the NDBI index presents an acceptable result for mapping urban land and bare soil. This method can be used to monitor land use in the city of Guelma.

Soil erosion by water is soil loss due to water pulling and transporting the soil to a deposition site. This is the major cause of soil degradation and siltation of hydro systems. Knowledge of this phenomenon is therefore essential for better management of dam water resources. The site of the study is the watershed of the hydro-agricultural dam of Babadou. It is a small agricultural catchment area of 1630 ha in the center-west of Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this work is to highlight the erosion by water risks and sediment transport. Thus, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was not only used to model the factors involved in the erosion process, but also for the calculation of soil losses through a Geographic Information System (GIS). The results show an average soil loss of 6.9 t/ha/year, which represents a soil loss of 11247 t/year in the Babadou dam watershed. In addition, the soil loss map, carried out, highlights the area’s most sensitive to erosion with soil losses reaching 767.4 t/ha/year. They are generally at the regions of bare soils and areas of annual crops. The sustainability of the water resource of the hydro-agricultural dam at Babadou requires the correction of vegetation cover and the use of anti-erosion practices in these areas, with a view to reducing soil loss and sediment flow.

An environmental impact study was conducted in April 2019 as a prelude to the development of an industrial zone on the outskirts of the city of Korhogo. The purpose of this study was to collect data on the flora in order to assess the diversity and determine the conservation status of the species of the site. The itinerant flora inventory method and the phytosociological survey method were used. The results of the study indicate that the plant community consists of 73 species in 69 genera and 32 families. The most frequently encountered species are Hyptis suaveolens Poit, Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. King & H. R, Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC., and Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn. In addition, 5 species of high ethnobotanical value and 2 species according to the red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Carissa edulis Vahl. and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir., have a special status of conservation.

The idea of linear coding is simple: by an injective linear application we send a space of binary words in a larger space, hoping that the redundancy introduced helps us to detect and correct the transmission errors. Among the so-called linear codes, we consider in the context of this article the Hamming code which is a perfect code, because for a given code length there is no other more compact code having the same capacity correction. In this sense its yield is maximum. In this work, we have proposed an algorithm based on the above characteristics of the Hamming code, which we can implement in a given programming language.

We start from the conception that the implementation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) aims to promote sustainable development and that sustainable development is the response to the ecological and social crisis that is now manifest in a globalized manner. Particularly the exploitation of projects likely to generate impacts on the bio-physical and socio-economic environment. Has DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) known the promotion of sustainable development after having introduced the EIA from 2002 through mining code fifteen years later? Does the implementation of the EIA system in the Congolese mining sector actually constitute a strategic vision for sustainable development or a conceptual approach? Or more concretely: does the implementation of the EIA system in the industrial mining sector in DRC get along with the principles of sustainable development? After collecting and processing data related to the implementation of EIA in the Congolese mining sector, we have reached after analyzing results the conclusion that the implementation of EIA in the Congolese mining sector does not accommodate the principles of sustainable development and has not significantly contributed to the promotion of the socio-economic development of present and future generations, and therefore does not constitute a strategic vision for sustainable development in the DRC.

The Democratic Republic of Congo is among the last ten countries with regard to malnutrition. This situation concerns also Lualaba Province. This plague calls the attention of many since the potentiality of this country in terms of arable lands, agricultural programmes as well as texts already produced in the agricultural sector. Public power, agronomists, agriculturalists, NOGS, researchers, companies of transformation, communicators, etc should all them have a particular look on this matter. It is from the communication point of view given the crisis that this research work intervenes in the agricultural domaine. Trying to suggest a communication strategy would allow all participants to know what to do in order to boost provincial agriculture, more particularly that of Kolwezi and its neighbourhood. Here with Thierry Libaert and his peers, the following steps are to be followed: a) identify the target of communication, b) formulate objectives of communication in the agricultural sector, c) construct the message, d) establish the budget of communication, e) choose the canals of communication, f) evaluate actions of communication.

The present study aims to develop two medicinal plants used in Benin in the treatment of skin, urinary infections and septicemia. This study consists in determining the chemical composition, evaluating the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic, semi-ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the two plants investigated: Diospyros mespiliformis and Entada africana. The extracts of these plants were obtained by maceration for 72 hours. The identification of secondary metabolites carried out by the method of precipitation and staining in the tubes revealed the presence of tannins, saponosides, flavonoids, anthocyanins; alkaloids, coumarins, sterols and terpenes. The content of total phenolic compounds was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, it varies from 2455.36 ± 7.05 to 5141.51 ± 98.67 EAG / gMS for extracts of D. mespiliformis and 2261.00 ± 21.14 to 7256.6 ± 24.67 EAG / gMS for extracts of E. africana. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by the anti-free radical test using the DPPH radical. The results obtained show that the extracts of E. africana have a higher free radical scavenging power than the extracts of D. mespiliformis. The antibacterial activity of the in vitro extracts against microorganisms is evaluated by two methods: diffusion on disc and microdilution. The results show that the ethanolic extract of D. mespiliformis exerts a bactericidal effect on S. aureus as well as the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of E. africana which have a bactericidal effect on the strains of S. aureus and SCN. These results show that the investigated extracts have antimicrobial properties and could be used in the fight against skin infections and septicemia. This justifies their use in traditional medicine.

Since the crisis that happened in 2002, artisanal gold panning activity is practised on the minor and major bed of Cavally river in Zouan-hounien (Côte d'ivoire). This generating activity of income to the populations is done without respecting the environmental and social measures. However the water of the river is used by this population for food, bodily, agricultural needs. This study aims at evaluating the impacts of artisanal gold panning on the morphology and the quality of water of the Çavally river. Thus, the treatement of satellite images by teledetection software ang geographics informations systems, the analyze and the treatement, with SEQ-Water tool, for samples taken are used. It comes out from this study that surfaces of the sections of the river evolved/moved from 5,68%, in 1986, to 16,31%, in 2011. Between 2011 and 2018, surfaces of the sections increased by 16,39% to 55,93%. This study raises too that water of the Çavally river is of average quality. It thus allowed to propose an action plan to fight against the impacts of the artisanal gold panning on the quality of water while being based on the classification carried out according to the uses.

Sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, are common in school settings for adolescents. They affect the physical and mental balance with multiple consequences: various pain, fatigue, errors, reduced academic performance, drowsiness in class, repeated absences etc. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire and the Epworth sleepiness scale with students from schools in the department of Thiès. The prevalence of insomnia was 21%, with a female prevalence. The average duration of sleep was 8.72 ± 1.1 hours with a variation according to the holidays, the days with or without class the next day. Risk factors are found, in particular living with a tutor other than the parents, the distance of the school from his place of residence, and the morning lesson schedules. Insomnia is significantly associated with sleep debt and excessive daytime sleepiness.

Congolese companies in general, and REGIDESO particularly, are aware of the financial imbalance and don’t seem to be competitive at national or international level. Creditors are interested in maximizing the value of the firm; however, shareholders and creditors often don’t have converging interests. The operating margin rate analysis made it possible to judge the viability of this company. We have assigned to this study a dual objective, namely to define the different margin rates; to present the advantages of knowing these in a company and to give the evolution of the operating margin rates displayed at REGIDESO / Kisangani during the research period. After data analysis, we obtained the results according to which the different rates of posted operating margins of REGIDESO / Kisangani are positive for the whole period under review. The operating margin rates are up from the base year 2012, despite the decrease observed in 2014 and 2015. The analysis of operating margin rates not only made it possible to make a value judgment on the reliability of this public entity but also to identify some weaknesses against which, it was formulated recommendations.

The study aimed to assess concentration of some heavy metals and physico-chemical parameters in relation to water quality and zooplankton Lake Langano. The lake was sampled at four stations from January to July, 2016 concurrently with physico-chemical parameters, heavy metals concentration and zooplankton. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, canonical correspondence and biological indices. 21 zooplankton species with eight species of cladocera and four species of cyclopoid copepods were identified from the lake. The diversity index narrowly ranged from 0.39-0.77 spatially. The abundance of zooplankton was maximum during April month at all sites with statistically significant variation both temporally and spatially (p<0.05). The abundance and species composition of zooplankton of the lake was negatively correlated Zn, Cu, Cd, PO43-, NO3-, conductivity and water temperature. A maximum (189. 05±32.05mg/l and 72.67±125.21mg/l) of concentration of Cd was measured temporally and spatially respectively and that exhibited temporal significant difference (p < 0.05). High (27.85 ± 4.970C) mean value of water temperature was measured at Simbo site that showed temporally significant variation (p<0.05). The maximum mean TDS, NO3- and PO43- of Simbo site (855.29±42.67mg/l, 29.44±32.74mg/l and 0.40±0.67mg/l) and no statistically significantly varied spatially (p>0.05). Most of the concentration of physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal of the lake were above the permissible limits set by WHO and EPA. The study provided baseline information on some water chemistry and biota of the lake and their ecology of Lake Langano.

Increasing of consumer electronic devices (TVs, computers) and industrial electronic devices (variable speed drives, high efficiency lighting), use on electrical networks, generate pollution through harmonic currents and voltage. The active three-phase shunt filter is a modern solution of decontamination of three-phase power systems. A good clean-up requires a good design of the active filter and a good control. Indeed, the capacity and adaptability of the active filter lies in the quality of the inverter switch of. In this paper, a comparative study of the command by pulse width modulation (PWM) and hysteresis, of a cross over three-phase shunt with voltage structure is performed. The study shows that the command by hysteresis gives best results with regard to the reduction of harmonic pollution and the quality of the network.

The essential oil of Mondia whiteï dry roots (Hook, f.) Skeels, harvested at Kindamba, in the Pool Department, south of Congo Brazzaville was extracted by hydrodistillation with a yield of 0.50%. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC / MS) were used to characterize the chemical profile of the gas chromatography, then it was subjected to physicochemical analyzes. The physical and chemical properties evaluated were the refractive index and the acid number. The values of the refractive index in ether and in acetone are respectively 1.3703 and 1.3713 that of the determined acid number is zero. Taking into account the high proportion of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (99.85%), this oil could be a source of production of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde useful for agri-food needs and a formulation necessary for Pharmaceutical industry.

Malaria is the primary reason for consultation, hospitalization and death in health services in Côte d’Ivoire. It is estimated that malaria-related hospital mortality increased from 22% in 2002 to 33% in 2003. In 2010, it was around 50,17% then 43% in 2012. Given the scale of the disease, free impregnated mosquito nets initiated by the national malaria control program have been introduced on the national territory to curb the rising tide of this scourge. The present study, through a logistic regression, aims to analyze in this context of shipping, the main factors that best explain the use of LLNs in these precarious environments. The logit model estimates that, the means of information, the marital status, the knowledge of the causes of malaria, the level of education and the alternatives explain the use of LLNs.

In terms of management and for the last ten years the introduction of a management control system in large companies has become a major fact in that it facilitates decision-making techniques and eliminates the silos of the firm and allows managers to have a precise vision of information flows in order to make the right decisions at the right moment, indeed management control affects even small or medium-sized companies but on the other hand growing small and medium-sized enterprises require management approaches In contrast to large firms, they must adapt to a set of contingent variables such as structure, strategy, technology, culture and the environment in which they operate, especially small and medium-sized enterprises are personalized by director's vision, ambitions and motivations, and he relies on his intuition and judgment in making decisions and definitely refuses to delegate or use an integrated management control system. This set of elements encourages us to make a methodological choice to study the place occupied by the information system, in particular ERP, in management control within Moroccan small and medium-sized enterprises. In order to choose the right path that will allow to satisfy a personal scientific inclination as well as to take the path of originality: "ERP Management Control and Small and Medium Enterprises" we have tried to cope with the novelty of the subject and the panoply of possible approaches. The overriding objective is therefore to see the place occupied by the ERP in management control within Moroccan small and medium-sized enterprises in order to understand it.