Not all the best people work for you... This is likely one of the motivator for open-innovation in terms of future business development. IP, R&D and Business strategies are becoming one. The adjacent technology analysis, ATA

Elevators are considered a necessity in buildings with multiple floors. In tall buildings there is a need for efficient control of the elevator system in order to obtain satisfactory service levels. To achieve an efficient elevator control strategy a variety of diverse and sometimes conflicting constraints has to be resolved. To investigate the effectiveness of a vertical transportation system, we have developed a simulation model to analyze the call strategy of a multi-car elevator system. In this paper the main steps in the methodology for modelling elevator performance and passenger traffic in a public building are explained. Elevator dynamics and control, call allocation and passenger traffic modelling are described resulting in a Witness model. Witness simulation software has been used as a test-bed for model building, simulation and experimentation. Three different strategies were devised and experimented on the model and the results were compared to find the best average waiting time. Results indicate that the average waiting time of passengers was slightly improved when using the shortest distance strategy. In addition to passenger waiting time it has been realised that elevator performance depends on the passenger traffic patterns and, during heavy traffic, service level is greatly affected by the call allocation algorithm. The research concludes with the need to carefully select the data set as the basis for simulation comparisons.

This paper presents technical communication of automation industry which describes the technical issues of automation control system in operation development, improving management level and high efficiency process in water treatment system. Today's water treatment plants are applied for water conservancy projects, emerged by the technology of automation control system is to ensure safe, continues, high quality water supply to municipal and for multi-purpose usage. Along with automation technology, computer technology, network communication development, advanced water treatment monitoring system is realized in Nantong pengyoa water purification plant. The Nantong pengyoa water purification plant has an important beneficial industry relationship to People's Republic of China improving living status and environment condition mainly expounds the water supply, to build well-off society, comparatively improving the labor production growth & level of implementation of targets as well as high water quality requirements. In this paper, it develops the task and tells the technical solutions of water treatment plant which has been centralized in fully automated operation in some developed industries since many years. And also append short description of its current practices such as networking, and real-time monitoring control, composition & structure, process flow and automatic process control which are performed in water treatment plants to achieve high efficiency in quality of productivity.

E-commerce is the technology of conducting commercial transactions via electronic media. The Internet has provided this media to the extent that commerce is being increasingly made through it. However, another side of commerce, which included the (heavy lifting) of physical goods are still traversing the distribution channels and employing the traditional transportation infrastructure with varying efficiency and cost. This paper examines the employment and adoption of this technology within the Middle East businesses, and what are the barriers that hinder this adoption. The famous Technology Acceptance Model, TAM is implemented with some variations to identify the difficulties associated with implementing e-business models through a survey of key stakeholders in this industry, namely procurement professional and logistics managers. One hundred forty five participants filled the survey questionnaire aimed at measuring their responses to perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), attitudes towards usage (ATU) and behavioral intention to use (BIU) the e-business system The results shows that the main factors holding the propagation of e-commerce in these countries, and in spite of growing interests and belief in implementing e-commerce, are related to the inertia of the legacy operating systems, the lack of compatible infrastructure, the security of information, and the level of business ethics. A conceptual mathematical probability model is developed to estimate a new TAM as an MTAM where the acceptance is computed as an average probability of six interaction factors. Several conclusions were arrived at including the need for the development and installation of a legal framework for safeguarding against abuse and illegal schemes of defrauding consumers.

This study aims to present how restorative justice is applied in the context of the Italian legislature through a case study. In particular, the relationship between a judge of the Juvenile Court, the local Social Services and the drug addiction service is presented. After a brief presentation of the history of Italian juvenile justice and a comment on the current model of juvenile justice, a number of critical issues, organisational and technical, will be analysed. From this, the need to renew some local services will emerge, in relation to the cultural and judicial approach to minor offenders.

Identification and management of risks related to an uncertain operating environment is especially important when it is an oil or gas wellsite where risks can go beyond the physical and financial losses: human lives. Early identification of an uncertain event can significantly reduce this risk. The aim of this study is to use the information as intangible assets for purposes of identification and management of risks. We are particularly interested in a hazardous event: the gas inflow while drilling of an oil or gas well, through three sources of information: general information on the internet, technical and scientific publications on Google Scholar and patent publications on Google Patent, WIPO or Esp@cenet.
Early identification of a potentially dangerous event is not an easy task. It requires advanced tools and technologies, but also a particular attention and human expertise. Information on tools and technologies are available in various forms on the internet: manufacturers and service providers' brochures, technical and scientific publications and also in patent databases. How to find and exploit this wealth of information? This study shows the importance of information and its appropriate use at the right time to reduce risks related to operational activities in uncertain and potentially dangerous environments. We used any tools of research and analysis of information such as Google, Google Scholar, Google Patent, and Matheo Patent Matheo Web.

The purpose of this study is to examine the tradition of repente and the practice of stand-up comedy on their similarities and dissimilarities, through certain points such as the space, the interaction with the public, the social aspects and the media. Furthermore, find the possible solutions to the problem of laughter in music. The results of the comparison between the repente and the stand-up comedy showed that the relation between the artist and the audience is fundamental so that the performances can occur, as well as the space demands of each type of presentation must be respected. Concerning the laugh, the music appears as a factor which strengthens its effects. Finally, it discusses the insertion of the repente and the stand-up comedy in the digital era as well as its introduction in different cultures. Alternative solutions to the presentations of repente and the stand-up comedy in distinct contextes can be explored with the intersemiotic translation.

Successful technological forecasting is important to invest scarce funds to emerging technologies. A generic model to measure the success of forecasting overall technological changes is introduced in this paper, called degree of Technological Forecasting Capability. It measures the success rate of forecasts in manufacturing processes based on four important aspects of a manufacturing system; Flow Time, Quantity/Day, Scrap Ratio, and New Investment Revenue. The proposed approach has been verified with a case study in manufacturing industry, where each of 4 facets have been calculated based on the data provided and aggregated into the degree of forecasting capability.

Geographical Information Systems have become useful for fleet control, hurricane tracking, tourism analysis and some other critical fields that include decision making processes. The analysis have been mainly focused on historical movement, movement prediction and motion patterns detection, which have a tremendous impact in traffic analysis, finding locations of interest and most visited places, estimating hurricane damage and so more. Recently, ontology driven GIS have shown to the scientific community the advantages of making semantic analysis based in ontology models. In this work we present the advantages of using ontologies for representing moving entities and enriching information with semantics. We also present some experimental results of using an ontological model and making semantic queries over the laying information, encouraging on several obtained benefits and aiming to state a basis for enhanced ontology driven GIS.

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the possibility of exploiting rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) for latex at a lower stem girth (40 and 45 cm) and physiological yield parameters were monitored to establish factors responsible for differences in yield due to opening girths or tapping systems tested. Three different Hevea genotypes, i.e. RRISL 211, RRIC 121 and RRIC 102 were exploited at different growth stages, i.e. girth of 40 cm (G₄₀), girth of 45 cm (G₄₅) and girth of 50 cm (G₅₀), using different tapping systems. Significant clonal differences were observed for the initial rate of latex flow (IFR), plugging index (PI), total volume of latex (vol), dry rubber content (DRC) and dry rubber yield when tapping commenced at different opening girths. The overall results of the present study clearly showed that the plugging index was relatively high in trees opened at lower girths, i.e. 40 cm (G₄₀) than in trees opened at higher girths, i.e. G₄₅ and G₅₀. Yield differences between trees of the same clone were mainly caused by differences in IFR, while differences between clones were mainly associated with differences in flow time. There is a highly significant positive correlation between PI and DRC irrespective of the tapping systems and opening girths. This study clearly showed that the DRC, PI and IFR vary according to year of tapping, tapping system and opening girth. At the immature phase (especially G₄₀ trees during the first year) were probably not mature enough to show normal latex flow relationships. Furthermore, variations in yield determining parameters have to be taken in to account in devising strategies for yield improvement in different clones.

Energy recovery from waste is not a new field of study, but its implementation continues to be a challenge in some Arab countries. Although there is abundance of useful waste in the urban markets, practices aiming at waste to energy conversion are still negligible. In the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, so-called green markets are abundant with renewable energy potential, but the practical implementation of this potential is missing. Therefore the objective of this paper is the evaluation of waste generation in KSA for the energy recovery purpose, and to show that the conversion of green waste into biofuel is not only environmentally friendly but also financially rewarding. Since the result illustrate that the major portion of the waste generated is organic waste, anaerobic digestion is proposed waste to energy technology because of its feasibility for biodegradation of moist organic wastes into biogas. Diversion of waste into biogas and bio-fertilizer will ensure that it is treated in such a way that it becomes a useful product instead of harmful one. Furthermore as the policy makers and planners in renewable energy sector have intended for kingdom of Saudi Arabia to be "kingdom of sustainable energy" as well, hence they are needed to give special attention toward the largest Saudi Arabia's green market and should invest more to implement this plan.

Many companies use information technology and communication in accounting, which show a clear impact on the performance of the accounting information system. The current research presents exploratory results using a questionnaire from 48 small and medium enterprises at Ibb city, in Yemen. The questionnaire was distributed to a number of the accountants, assisting-accountants, internal reviewers and financial managers who are used computer-based accounting information system. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive correlation between information technology and communication and the quality of accounting information system at the level 0.05. Statistically, this correlation is high according to the standard deviation which reaches the level of R= 0.612 between information and communication technology and the quality of accounting information system. Additionally, there is a positive effect on the accounting information system by the information technology according to the conducted comparison between the computed T-values and table-based T value which indicated that the former T-value is higher than the latter one for all the variables. The results were measured through a number of factors and variables which information technology is characterized by. These factors and variables include: information technology time and an access speed to the information, another factor is information technology update, the third factor is the techniques used and the last factor is information technology risks.

Thirty six crossbred rabbit bucks aged 6 months were used to study the detrimental effects of supplementing ginger rhizome powder (GRP) on reproductive performance of pubertal rabbits. The rabbit bucks were randomly divided into four experimental treatments A₁, B₁, C₁ and D₁ of nine animals and was further replicated three times with three animals per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The animals were fed commercial grower rabbit diet which was supplemented with GRP at the rate of 0g/kg, 5g/kg, 10g/kg and 15g/kg feed respectively for 10 weeks. Prior to the first six weeks of the study, a two week period of training was used to train the bucks to ejaculate artificially into artificial vagina. Semen was collected between 8.00 am and 9.00 am and taken the laboratory for analysis within 30 minutes of collection. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance. Dietary supplementation with GRP revealed that live sperm cell (%), dead sperm cell (%) as well as live : dead sperm cell ratios differed significantly (p<0.05) among the groups. There were also significant (p<0.05) differences in sperm motility between rabbit bucks in group A₁ (68.48%) and those in group D₁ (53.34%). Libido scores were similar (p>0.05) among the treatment groups. The results of this study indicated that dietary inclusion of ginger rhizome powder supplementation at 15g per kg feed had deleterious effect on sperm motility and % live sperm cells of pubertal rabbit bucks.

The development of farming area for agro-economic production improves the local exploitation system by introducing new productive forces in terms of equipments. The agricultural development of lands in this process calls for multiple actors in relation to land, and having opposing interests. The promotion of the development of agriculture production structures, and the economic interests that this reinforces, makes the landowning and its conservation the main stakes of production relations. This study describes the insecurity of landowning in the Zio valley, south of Togo, in terms of a fight generated by the discontinuity between the development of farming areas and land reform. The area has been subject to a country planning project in the past which could not lead to the security in landowning by a reform which would take into account the interests of different actors. After the end of the project, this situation has reinforced the power of landowners who use their position to increase their interests. The issues related to the preservation of the existing power struggle, having access to land and to its control are at the source of the strategies opposing the owners to the farmers, as well as among the farmers themselves. The land insecurity stems therefore from the strategies of the actors for the control of the resource that land represents in a context marked by the absence of a right of possession reform.

One of the common problems of the contemporary urbanization worldwide has its origins in its excessive loyalty to the vehicular movement overlooking the maintenance and organization of walkways spaces and pedestrian movement. This, it turn, has led to the disintegration of the social and cultural and visual values in the urban spaces and the decrease of its performance and efficiency. It is noteworthy that the presence of pedestrians in the cities is advantageous to enhancing the social interactions of the citizens. To design paths conforming to the pedestrian movement in the urban fabric, due to their public use, requires flexibility, variation in the activities and spaces, the provision of urban safety and sense of belonging to the space the same factors which will consequently result in the promotion of the quality of the routes, the enhancement of social relations and interactions and the flourishing of the urban life. This research intends to study the enhancement of the urban space by pedestrian grid design using space syntax technique in the historical neighborhood of Jolfa, the Armenian quarter in the city of Isfahan (Iran).

Phoma sabdariffae Sacc. (Sphaerioidaceae) is the main pathogenic fungus agent of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. sabdariffa), in Gabon. It does induce wet rot on every part of the infected plant's organs. This work was initiated to evaluate in greenhouse the impact of this pathogenic fungus agent on 13 roselle cultivars through the study of some morphological and biochemical parameters of the fruits. Morphological parameters evaluated have been fruit's number, weight and contamination rate. Concerning biochemical study, parameters measured have been roselle fruit's acidity, proteins and phenolics compounds levels. The results revealed that excepted 3 cultivars VV1, RV1 and RR1, Phoma sabdariffae caused significant decrease in the fruits number and weight of most of the roselle's cultivars. The decrease rates have been higher than 60% and 20% respectively. The improvement in acidity, protein and phenolics compounds levels were not significant, in contrary to those of the 3 cultivars above mentioned. In these 3 roselle's cultivars, biochemical parameters (pH, oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, proteins and phenolics compounds) levels have been superior to 20%. This work showed the disastrous impact of this fungus on the roselle's fructification and revealed that, some of the cultivars of roselle bright develop resistance mechanisms against Phoma sabdariffae.

Customer churn is a focal concern for most of the services based companies which have fixed operating costs. Among various industries which suffer from this issue, telecommunications industry can be considered at the top of the list. In order to counter this problem one must recognize the churners before they churn. This work develops an effective and efficient model which has the ability to predict the future churners for broadband internet services. For this purpose Genetic Programming (GP) is employed to evolve a suitable classifier by using the customer based features. Genetic Programming (GP) is population based heuristic used to solve complex multimodal optimization problems. It is an evolutionary approach use the Darwinian principle of natural selection (survival of the fittest) analogs with various naturally occurring operations, including crossover (sexual recombination), mutation (to randomly perturbed or change the respective gene value) and gene duplication. The intelligence induced in the system not only generalizes the model for a variety of real world applications but also make it adaptable for dynamic environment. Comprehensive experimentations are performed in order to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system. It is clear from the experimental results that the proposed system outperforms other state of the art churn prediction techniques.

The main objective of this study is the knowledge of the impact of the atomic density on the uncertainty of the effective multiplication factor (Keff) due to the uncertainties in elastic and inelastic scattering, capture and fission cross sections. Six thermal cases of the benchmark (HEU-SOL-THERM-001) have been studied by using a recently updated nuclear data evaluation JENDL4 to calculate the sensitivity vectors for ¹H, ¹⁶O, ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U isotopes. These sensitivity profiles are calculated by using the adjoint-weighted perturbation method based on the Kpert card; and we validated them with the KENO code results, with the differential operator technique of the MCNP5 code and with two nuclear data evaluations (ENDF/B-VI.8 and ENDF/B-VII.0). Kpert card is used by the Monte Carlo code MCNP6. Thus, the Keff uncertainties induced by nuclear data uncertainties have been calculated by combining the sensitivity vectors with the covariance matrices that are generated by the ERRORJ module of the recently updated of the nuclear data processing system NJOY99. This study shows that: it must the cross sections and covariance matrices adjustment of the isotopes that have the great atomic densities and it must the cross sections and covariance matrices adjustment of the fissile isotopes even if they have small atomic density in nuclear reactors.

The World Wide Web serves as a huge widely distributed global information service center. The tremendous amount of information on the web is improving day by day. So, the process of finding the relevant information on the web is a major challenge in Information Retrieval. This leads the need for the development of new techniques for helping users to effectively navigate, summarize and organize the overwhelmed information. One of the techniques that can play an important role towards the achievement of this objective is web document clustering. This paper aims to develop a clustering algorithm and apply in web document clustering area. The Cuckoo Search Optimization algorithm is a recently developed optimization algorithm based on the obligate behavior of some cuckoo species in combining with the levy flight. In this paper, Cuckoo Search Clustering Algorithm based on levy flight is proposed. This algorithm is the application of Cuckoo Search Optimization algorithm in web document clustering area to locate the optimal centroids of the cluster and to find global solution of the clustering algorithm. For testing the performance of the proposed method, this paper will show the experience result by using the benchmark dataset. The result obtained shows that the Cuckoo Search Clustering algorithm based on Levy Flight performs well in web document clustering.

One of the potential problems in ports, which are expected to be compounded with the growth of the volumes of trade, is the dwelling of goods and its consequent costs. Container dwell time equals the duration containers are discharged and transported from ships to depots in order to be stored until the time the goods owner has released containers and dismissed it from terminals. The dwelling of goods results in taking up storage yards and port lots through congestion as well as decreasing Executive efficiency in loading and discharging which may cause an increase in lay time and demurrage costs. The purpose of the current study is an Application of ELECTRE III and Shannon Entropy for Strategy Selection for decreasing the Containers Dwell Time in Iranian Seaports. Firstly, factors involving in the Containers dwell time were dealt with in a review of the literature. Secondly, Executive strategies to decrease the Containers dwell time were formalized employing Delphi method. Thirdly, the strategies, formalized at the second stage, were prioritized by use of Shannon Entropy and ELECTRE III. According to The final results of the ELECTRE III method following strategies gained highest priority, using electronic systems, reducing the paperwork and parallel processes in cargo clearance, employing road and rail intermodal transport, round-the-clock customs operation, enhancing coordination and collaboration among organizations involved in the issuance of cargo clearance, respectively.

In this work we propose the modeling of rear passivation effect on the performance of the polycrystalline solar cell. The rear passivation layers can reflect photons to the interior of the cell. Thus, prolonging their target and making easy their absorption while decreasing the surface recombination velocities of minority carriers at the base area. The conversion efficiency is estimated at 10.49 % for an optimal rear passivation using thin oxide /Silicon Nitride/Silicon oxide. In addition, Front passivation by the silicon nitride of polycrystalline solar cell has been proposed. We noted a very clear improvement of the efficiency for high Ammonia (NH₃) to Silane (SiH₄) gas flow ratio, the efficiency reaches 12.88% for R=10. We have also contributed in the modelling of grain boundaries current density in polysilicon. Electrical simulation shows the influence of grain boundaries surface recombination velocity in the optimization of the conversion efficiency. We noted that the sufficient and optimal surface recombination velocity 10⁴ cm/s at the emitter heavily doped gives the optimum output. Therefore, the reduce of the grain boundaries surface recombination velocity at base region slightly doped increases the performance of the cell, it's about 10 cm/s. The current density at the grain boundaries is closely related to the potential barrier at grain boundaries. Indeed, the increase in current density indicates a decrease in potential barrier. Finally, we can conclude that Silicon nitride/ P⁺ N / thin oxide /Silicon Nitride/Silicon oxide multilayer structure can be preferment for photovoltaic applications.

Developed, so-called "emerging" countries have strategies and policies of innovation country. However, many developing countries face difficulties in the implementation of innovation strategies. In general, the research has mainly concerned the development of innovation tools. By cons, little work has concerned the factors that prevent or inhibit the activity of innovation, known in the literature: "barriers to innovation", especially in the Arab and Muslim countries and developing countries. Our research has rightly focused on the barriers to innovation in Morocco and especially in the region of Tangier-Tetouan. The purpose of this research is to develop a model to measure the interactive effects of barriers in the innovation system. For this it was necessary to identify barriers to the innovation in the region of Tangier-Tetouan process, and investigate the interrelationships between them. The approach is based on a review of the scientific papers; analysis of available statistical data; national development documents; empirical researches and other secondary data. An in-depth study of fourteen barriers to innovation has been made with industry, teachers and students. This work can be considered, in our opinion, as the first study of the barriers to innovation in the Tangier-Tetouan region and one of the few work on this subject in Morocco. Its contribution to the conceptual level is the development of models that can be used to solve the barriers of innovation at regional and national levels.

Good governance has become a subject of interest in every day discussions among political social, economical and business circles. All governments are willing and trying hard to formulate new strategies for effective public service delivery. e-Governance is one of the strategies for good governance, which helps effective service delivery. But mere computerization or inclusion of ICT will not be helpful to serve the cause. Rather we need an overhauling of the entire system. The solution resides in the idea of BPRE: Business Process Reengineering. Indian government has started its journey by implementing the idea of UID which will further lead to the concept of one centralized database. The author visualizes the maintenance of centralized database which will come into existence after the complete execution of the idea of UID. The current paper aims at the maintenance of centralized database by fusing together e-governance with BPRE, with special reference to UID and applying the fundamental concepts of Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). In the current paper the author suggests the implementation of RDBMS by which this centralized database could be maintained keeping in mind different events which adds and modifies the details of this database. Finally author plans to discuss the benefits of the proposed system over the existing system.

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Cotton, polyester, and cotton polyester blended woven fabrics were printed using an ink jet print using by means of a prepared pigment ink. Literature indicated that the development of insoluble pigment-based inks presents enormous challenges to the ink formulator. Meanwhile, pigments face several application problems in terms of their dispersion stability within the ink formulation, and consequently blocking the nozzles within the inkjet print head.
Upon this, Two pigment colors : M.D. Blue 15:3 and Daicofast Yellow 1252 were successfully formulated and factors affecting the final color yield of inkjet printed fabrics such as, pigment concentration and other ink contents: dispersing agent, ethylene glycol and diammonium Phosphate concentrations, thermo-fixation time and temperature for the three printed substrates pretreated with binder were investigated in detail.
The study was done on two route bases, first: the preparation of pigmented inks for inkjet printing and the application of the ink on the three substrates, in order to determine the optimum concentration of pigment ink contents. Second: increasing the wash and crocking fastness properties of the printed fabrics with pigment inks. In addition, the two pigment inks physical properties: density, viscosity and surface tension were measured as well as fastness levels of their prints.