Surface modification of wool/nylon blended fabric was carried out with protease enzyme to improve their dyeabilities to natural dyes. Cutch (Acacia Catechu) was selected and used in this study. The effect of enzyme concentration on the dye uptake (K/S) was studied at fixed treatment conditions: pH, temperature and treatment time. The obtained results of K/S were compared to the corresponding values obtained for the control samples which were dyed without enzymatic pretreatment. Treatment with protease was found to increase the absorption capacity of both wool and nylon fibers to the natural dye leading to higher K/S compared to untreated samples. The dyeing parameters were also studied including, dyeing pH, temperature, time and mordant concentration along with concentration of dispersing agent. The colour strength was observed to increase by increasing the pH of dye bath, temperature and concentration of dispersing agent, which may be attributed to increasing dye solubility and as a result the rate of diffusion and penetration of the dye inside the fibers of both nylon and wool. Fastness properties to washing, perspiration and light were also assessed and were observed to range between good and excellent.

Cotton fabrics were cationized with a cationic agent (Chromatech9414) then dyed with Brazilwood natural dye using ferric chloride as a mordant in one bath at three stages by exhaustion method. This process successes to impart cationic sites on cotton fabrics surface which improve its substantivity to natural dye beside save energy and water. The effect of (Chromatech9414) concentration on the nitrogen content was studied. Factors affected the dyeing stage such as dye conc., pH value, temperature and time of dyeing were investigated.The effect of cationic agent concentration and ferric chloride conc. on the colour strength of dyed cotton fabric with Brazilwood natural dye were observed. The best results were obtained at 8% Brazilwood natural dye, pH6 , 60 min., 60oC for dyeing stage at 6%(Chromatech9414) and 8g/l ferric chloride. The effect of mordant, dyeing pH and cationic agent concn. on the colour hue were also investigated .The wettability and the fastness properties of dyed samples were assessed.The changes in the fiber surface, by cationization ,were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).

Cotton, polyester, and cotton polyester blended woven fabrics were printed using an ink jet print using by means of a prepared pigment ink. Literature indicated that the development of insoluble pigment-based inks presents enormous challenges to the ink formulator. Meanwhile, pigments face several application problems in terms of their dispersion stability within the ink formulation, and consequently blocking the nozzles within the inkjet print head.
Upon this, Two pigment colors : M.D. Blue 15:3 and Daicofast Yellow 1252 were successfully formulated and factors affecting the final color yield of inkjet printed fabrics such as, pigment concentration and other ink contents: dispersing agent, ethylene glycol and diammonium Phosphate concentrations, thermo-fixation time and temperature for the three printed substrates pretreated with binder were investigated in detail.
The study was done on two route bases, first: the preparation of pigmented inks for inkjet printing and the application of the ink on the three substrates, in order to determine the optimum concentration of pigment ink contents. Second: increasing the wash and crocking fastness properties of the printed fabrics with pigment inks. In addition, the two pigment inks physical properties: density, viscosity and surface tension were measured as well as fastness levels of their prints.