This monograph is conducted at the Laboratory of the Reference General Hospital of Zongo in the DRC. AIDS is a name given to the fatal clinical consequences of a long-term infection caused by HIV, a virus promotes the development of other so-called opportunistic diseases, which otherwise would be fought by the body. By mid-2017, 20.9 million people were receiving anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment in low- and middle-income countries, representing 53% of the 36.7 million people living with HIV in these countries. Apart from HIV/AIDS, which is known all over the world, there is another virus of the hepatic type which attacks humans and makes it another pandemic, it is viral hepatitis. Viral hepatitis killed 1.34 million people in 2015. In the DRC, HIV and the hepatitis B virus are a public health problem. Hence the town of Zongo is also experiencing a problem of an increase in PVV and hepatitis B following migratory movements imposed by society; proximity to the border and trade. We wanted to finally clarify to explore these issues within this study; address the frequency of Viral Hepatitis B and the immuno-dependent AIDS virus in présuméd donors at the laboratory of the Zongo General Reference Hospital. The general objective of this work is to verify the serological status of voluntary or family donors at the HGR of Zongo; but to achieve this general objective, the specific objectives are: - Identify PLHIV/AIDS; - Identify those who are healthy carriers of viral hepatitis B; - Analyze and interpret; - Classify according to the type of virus; - Propose possible solutions. In view of the importance in public health of these viruses due to viral Hepatitis B and HIV / AIDS in the world, in Africa and in the Democratic Republic of Congo in particular.

This study focuses on medico-social support for the elderly in the town of Gemena, particularly in the SUKIA district. It all started with a bitter observation and a sad reality about the abandonment of old people in our circles. In the streets of Gemena, it is not uncommon to find elderly people either begging or carrying heavy loads on their heads to go and sell. So, they had to give themselves a deserved rest. The objective that we have set for ourselves is to identify the socio-economic and health conditions in which the elderly in our community live. But also, identify the obstacles to their support. We used a descriptive, transversal estimate in the quantitative approach. The sampling type was of the probability cluster type, with a sample size of 200 people. The question we asked ourselves was how to provide medico-social support for the elderly in the town of Gemena. We started from the hypothesis according to which medico-social support for the elderly is almost non-existent in the city of Gemena because of: poverty; the abandonment of children and the lack of support from the Congolese state. At the end of our study, we came to the conclusion that medico-social support for the elderly is provided largely through the support of children, while support from the Congolese state is nil.

Youth is in crisis, all over the world we deplore several problems linked to youth or adolescence: drugs, premature sexuality with its share of consequences, alcohol, delinquency, dropping out of studies, illegal abortions, STDs. After the analyzes carrying out the verification of the hypotheses, we arrived at the following results: The study shows in relation to the knowledge that, 68% of our respondents have a very sufficient level of knowledge, 26.0% whose level is sufficient and 6.0% with an insufficient level of knowledge. This allows us to reject our first hypothesis according to which, the pupils of the terminal degree of Gemena observe a low level of knowledge on sexuality, prevention of HIV / AIDS and STIs; and, this low level of knowledge is due to low life skills education. This, in light of our acceptability criterion of 60% or more. Age (X2: 66.762a; dof: 3; p = 0.000) and sex (X2: 177.344a; dof: 1; p = 0.000) have an impact on knowledge, attitudes and practices in matters of sexuality. And prevention of STIs, HIV / AIDS, because all calculated values ​​are greater than tabular values. The fact of having studied the course of the EDAV has a positive impact on the acquisition of knowledge (X2: 84.017a; dof: 2; p = 0.000), favorable attitudes (X2: 147.890a; dof: 1; p = 0.000) and good practices for the prevention of STIs and HIV / AIDS (X2: 21.782a; dof: 1; p = 0.000); because all calculated values ​​are much greater than tabular ones. We allow ourselves to confirm our second hypothesis according to which there are relationships between the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of students in terms of HIV / AIDS and STI prevention and the impact (the fact of having studied the course) from life skills education.

This study shows a simulation with the HOMER software of a hybrid system composed exclusively of renewable energy sources including a solar photovoltaic generator of 50 kW, a 50 kW wind generator and a 50 kW biogas generator linked to a 50 kW converter in Blekoum (rural area of the Abengourou region) fed to date by a 42 kVA diesel generator with a 5000 liters tank. After having modelled the load to satisfy and integrated the wind potential, the sunshine and the biomass residue potential, we carried out the calculation with HOMER. From the three scenarios of hybrid systems after optimization by HOMER, it is appear that, with regard to energy production, the hybrid system produces an average value of 277.364 kWh/year while the 42 kVA generator produces 105.108 kWh/year. The average price per kWh per year one is 481 172.453 FCFA for the hybrid system and 401 491.799 FCFA for the diesel generator. The emissions of gaseous pollutants are very high with the diesel generator where the values of CO2 are raised to 142.933kg/year; CO at 353 kg/year and SO2 at 287 kg/year while the hybrid system allows to preserve our climate by lowering these values respectively CO2 to 33.533 kg/year; CO to 1.261 kg/year and SO2 to 0 kg/year.

This prospective study aimed to mitigate the emission of hydrocarbon gases and economic or energy losses. It consisted in designing a storage system for this volatile fluid, based on local materials, capable of ensuring thermal comfort, under natural conditions of terrestrial heating. In view of their respective theoretical availability, accessibility and thermal conductivity, cotton, sand and shea cake have been identified as potential insulators. For this purpose, identical samples of the fuel were buried, each with a specific material. They were respectively subjected to a fraction of solar energy, transmitted according to the thermal properties of the material crossed. The monitoring of the evolution of the different evaporation rates per sample made it possible to classify the insulation tested in order of performance in non-evaporation rate: 1st) shea cake with 90.81%; 2nd) cotton, 89.29%; 3rd) sand, 85.05% and 4th) air, 80.68%. In the light of a multi-criteria analysis by Thomas Saaty, based on more restrictive ecological and economic constraints, shea cake and sand were preferentially chosen. They made it possible to build a fuel storage matrix, called “Eco1-stoc”, which recorded an experimental non-evaporation rate of 91.53%. Therefore, the Eco1-stoc can be one of the solutions to be advised in operating conditions similar to those of Korhogo.

Agricultural underproduction in our country is largely linked to a lack of adequate structural organization of peasant farmers of food crops. This insufficiency plunges our especially rural environments into an almost chronic undernourishment. This study deals with the cassava sector in the Groupings of Irhambi-Katana and Bugorhe, in the territory of Kabare, Province of South Kivu in DR Congo. These two Groups produce a lot of cassava grown and consumed by almost all households but which is sold at a low price and only traders and processors derive a good profit from it in our communities to the detriment of producers. The data for this study were collected using the techniques of simple and participatory observation, the questionnaire, survey, documentation, and the chi-square test. The methods used are: the statistical method, the analytical, the descriptive and the synthetic method. This work responds to the questions and research objectives formulated in advance. We used Microsoft Word and Excel to enter the texts and process the data. Our hypotheses were tested by the statistical results of Chi-square. The study identifies and analyzes the main difficulties of cassava related to production, marketing and its by-products. These difficulties handicap the socio-financial profitability of this product, which penalizes their poorly or unorganized producers. To make it profitable, it is necessary to organize their producers in a promising sector so that they are able to improve farming techniques and transform this cassava into high quality flour. The success of this strategy is possible if our development partners adheres and and that they strongly support the organization and proper functioning of promising agricultural sectors.

Our study focused on the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspect of post throat clearing sepsis in children aged 0 to 5 years in the Kailo Health Zone within the General Referral Hospital. Thus we set ourselves the three objectives namely: To determine the incidence of cases of sepsis post clearing of the throat; Identify the risks that children run after this practice; and Offer advice to our population. The target population of our study consists of all children under 5 years of age who have developed sepsis after throat clearing at home. Our sample consists of 787 children who underwent the practice of scraping at home and who came to the hospital in a table of complication of sepsis. For data collection, taking into account our objectives, we used the documentary analysis technique; this allowed us to search for the data that are related to our subject of study. These include: Entry register of patients hospitalized in the pediatric ward; Exit register of cured or improved patients which allowed us to know the outcome of our patients and; SNIS reports from the General Reference Hospital. To process the data, we used tables to calculate the different proportions of our desired indicators. At the end of our study we found the following results: - Compared to the incidence of cases: 787 children were victims of sepsis due to throat clearing at home out of a total of 4174 children admitted during the period of our study, i.e. a proportion of 18.8%. - Compared to the epidemiological aspect: The most affected age group is 4 to 5 years with a proportion of 64%, the sex most affected is female with a proportion of 62% and in the end most of children come from the outskirts of Kailo with a proportion of 65%; 95% of children had fever, 99.7% complained of throat pain; 87% had conjunctival pallor; 57.5% were vomiting. - Compared to biological elements: The sedimentation rate was greatly increased to 94.7%; Culture was 95% positive; A hyperleukocytosis of 94.7%; and We report here that the CRP was not done for lack of reagent. - Compared to the therapeutic aspects and evolution: 100% of children underwent scraping before arriving at the hospital and all these children received antibiotics and antipyretics, and 72% received anti-inflammatories not steroids. - Compared to the evolution of the patients: 23.1% died, and 76.9% were cured.

Introduction: The co-infection VIH / TBC is still a reality in LUBUTU and remains a major public health problem, its frequency is 34.3%. The objective of this work is to study the prevalence of HIV / CBT co-infection in pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 14 years and over with smear-positive in HGR / LUBUTU. Methods: Our study is retrospective; Based on the prevalence of HIV / TB co-infection in the LUBUTU General Reference Hospital for a one-year period from 1 January to 31 December 2017. Our study population consisted of all patients In whom the microscopy was performed and was positive (TPM +) in this hospital and the sample consisted of patients with HIV-TB co-infection. Results: The prevalence of co-infectionVIH / TB was 34.3%. The male sex was the most represented with 65.7% of patients with a sex ratio of 1.9. The age group 35-54 Was the most represented, ie 51.5%. The out-of-school population represented 45.7%. Mineral diggers are much affected by TBC, which is 40%. Married couples are more affected by HIV / TB ie 54.3%. HIV prevalence among TB patients was 34.3% (12/35). Slimming was found in 100% of patients.66.7% of TB patients with HIV positive were in stage 4 according to the WHO. The TBC Pulmonary represents 31/35 cases or 88.6%. The smear was positive in 100% of the cases. The 2RHZE / 4RH regimen was the most established with 94.3%. The TDF+3TC (ou FTC) +EFV regimen was the most used with 66.7% of the patients who received ARV treatment. 58.3% of cases with HIV / TB co-infection improved after they adhered to TB and ARV treatment and 25% died despite treatment and 16.7% were lost from sight. Conclusion: The co-infectionVIH / TB is a morbid association which is the basis of several deaths in the community and more precisely within the HGR / LUBUTU that following the non-information of the population as regards prevention Of TBC and HIV.

The control of the mechanical performance of concretes of lateritic nodules requires a perfect knowledge of the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the nodules. Several researchers have approached the characterization of concretes of lateritic nodules and, by ricochet, of lateritic nodules used as coarse aggregates. The specification of this study is not only the varieties of chemical-mechanical results obtained, but also the water saturation time of the various lateritic nodules. Among the objectives of this study are: i) the determination of the dominant oxides, ii) the study of physical properties and the time zone of water saturation curves, iii) the control of the mixing water of the lateritic nodules; v) the determination of the hardness range of ten samples. Chemical analysis shows that the dominant oxides in the laterites are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO is very low in the lateritic nodules. The content of these oxides varies from sample to sample. The granularity of the materials studied is of the spread type. The apparent and absolute densities of the nodules vary from 1.43 to 1.51 and from 2.61 to 2.81 respectively. The degree of absorption and porosity vary from 0.81 to 5.81 and from 2.11 to 16.03. The water saturation time of lateritic nodules is between 18 hours and 24 hours. The hardness of the nodules, following the fragmentation test, varies from 43 to 55 and some exceeds the required value.

This study on the rural environment has been carried out in the province of Kongo Central, precisely in the territory of Kimvula (South eastern part of Kongo Central province). Its overall objective is to identify the elements that make wi Kimvula a landlocked territory, to highlight the consequences of this crisis situation. Therefore, faced with this reality, socio-economic perspectives have been proposed to ensure its integral development. Observation and systemic methods using Arc-View and Arc-Gis Software were used for data processing and the development of geographical maps. The results show that the rural territory of Kimvula is experiencing serious communication problems with the major centers: Mbanza-Ngungu, Inkisi and Kinshasa. This situation is unfavorable to its development and its ecological, economic and social development. Added to this is the poor state of roads and bridges. As a result, young farmers leave rural areas for Kinshasa, Inkisi, Mbanza-Ngungu or Matadibecause of the geographical isolation. All those difficulties have led to the isolation of this territory compared to the other territories of the former Lukaya district.

Introduction: This study aims to describe the perceptions of stakeholders involved in the management of the twelfth Ebola virus disease outbreak in North Kivu; in order to identify the contributing factors of its containment and management in less than 3 months. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study used interviews guided by comprehensive questionnaire among all the stakeholders involved in the management of the twelfth Ebola virus disease, including health managers, healthcare providers, community leaders, heath partners and any other actors involved in the emergency response to outbreaks. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 23.0 for both coding and statistical analyses of collected data. Results: Based on the perceptions of different stakeholders who compared the tenth and twelfth outbreaks, the management of the latter was characterized by fewer funding and training of staff; a better understanding of local socio-cultural variations and needs (97.2%, versus 9.1%; p<0,001), a clear tracking and follow-up of contacted and/or suspected cases (91.5% versus 66.7%; p<0,001), a greater community involvement and application of standard operating measures implemented by the emergency team (80.3% versus 66.7%; p<0,001); and a proper management of cases of Ebola virus disease (both confirmed, suspected or contacted) (94.1% versus 66.7%; p<0,001). Conclusions: Our findings reveal that the integrative approach response into the local health system, which strengthened community engagement and trust in the emergency response ‘teams, enabled the rapid containment of the twelfth Ebola virus disease outbreak in North Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo. This approach is part of a new paradigm compatible with the health system resilience.

In the face of the multiform restructuring that territories are undergoing, the governance of urban mobility is becoming urgent and is a challenge for all actors whether public or private. It plays a key role in addressing interregional inequalities. Territorial governance remains an indispensable condition for achieving an acceptable level of local development. It is based on various theoretical foundations, including game theory, stakeholder theory and convention theory. In this sense, this contribution aims at analyzing the implementation of a new urban mobility policy and the contribution of territorial governance within the city center of Fez. The underlying problematic is to know how a kind of territorial governance linked to this project can account for the quality of public management, such a territorial governance can be questioned at different levels by privileging the methodological triangulation, as a methodological approach. In this direction, we carried out the interview with the persons in charge of the project of local development company, then, we analyzed the questionnaires, which we elaborated with the citizens by the method of the Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Our research has shown that participation, trust between actors, digitalization and digital governance are essential elements to develop an effective governance between local actors.