5q -syndrome is a unique paradigm of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) characterized by the correlation between cytology and cytogenetics and the low risk of clinical progression.
It is a category apart in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) because of its hematological peculiarities, its
pathophysiology which remains unknown, and the refractoriness of the anemia with which it is associated. It is a pathology that affects the female sex with predilection.
The prognosis of the disease remains good and the risk of malignant transformation into acute leukemia does not exceed 15%.
Through this work, we report a typical case of SMD with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 in order to describe the observation of this particular entity diagnosed in our formation, rare in our Moroccan context and we must know how to evoke before refractory anemia most often isolated.