For more than ten years, the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo has been invaded by thousands of rebel groups, both of Congolese and foreign origin, which have created insecurity with incalculable harmful consequences. Among these groups, there is the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) that Kigali is chasing in the DRC. It is in this context that we want to know whether these forces still constitute a real threat to the security of Rwanda after some three decades of wandering in the Great Lakes region. Thus, to resolve this thorny problem of the FDLR – Interahamwe, a firm political commitment, in terms of concession, must be considered by all the countries of the African Great Lakes sub-region in general; but very particularly by Rwanda and the DRC whose case concerns the highest point.