This study aims to determine the paleoenvironments and paleoclimates of the cover formation in the Batéké plateaus. The methodology adopted consists of carrying out the morphoscopic and exoscopic study of the quartz grains of the sands of this formation. After washing the samples, drying and dry sieving on a column of 6 sieves, the grains were selected for observations. The morphoscopic study reveals the presence of clean matte round quartz grains and shiny blunt grains. These results show that these sands have undergone double transport, aeolian and aqueous. The exoscopic study shows the existence of traces of mechanical and chemical actions on the surface of the two types of quartz grains. Mechanical traces of aeolian and fluvial types including certain aeolian traces have been polished in the fluvial environment. The superposition of these microstructures makes it possible to paleoenvironments and reconstruct to deduce paleoclimates. These sands experienced two phases of sedimentary deposition and two phases of immobilization in pedological environments. The first phase of deposition is aeolian, then immobilization in the soil environment undersaturated with silica marked by the dissolution figures. The second phase of deposition is the resumption of aeolian deposition in a low-energy fluvial environment, then the environment evolved into a podzolic soil environment supersaturated in silica. This study shows that the arid period of the Holocene, around 3,000 BP, to which the age of this formation is attributed, experienced variations, the climate experienced a humid phase marked by the fluvial evolution of the sediments.