The persistence of insecurity in the east of the DRC invites reflection. Discussions on the causes of this insecurity cannot be done without noting the importance of the economic issues. Entitled «Economic issues and insecurity in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo», this article aims to demonstrate the impact of economic issues on the persistence of insecurity in the East of the DRC. We demonstrate in this article that the persistence of insecurity in the east of the DRC is explained by several causes, in particular the economic issues of Rwanda. This position is shared by many authors, notably Pierre Jacquemot who maintains that «the control of mines and exit circuits was, for Rwanda, a way of continuing the war in another form and of creating a base for accumulation of capital for a country without natural resources and landlocked. Also, numerous international reports, notably that of January 2014, question Rwanda’s support for the M23 and the fraudulent transits of coltan and tin via Kigali. Military campaigns have so far brought mixed results. Therefore, a different approach that focuses on structural reforms is needed. These structural reforms must aim in particular at good governance, the improvement of socio-economic conditions, the revitalization of the judicial system, and the restructuring of the FARDC. It is with these structural reforms that the DRC can hope to have a strong, organized, disciplined army capable of protecting the integrity of the national territory.