Transhumance is an ancient phenomenon, but its socio-political impacts have become much more pronounced in recent years. This article analyzes the effects of transhumance on agropastoral relations, local security, and governance mechanisms in the Tchologo region. The study is based on a mixed methodological approach combining quantitative and qualitative surveys conducted among 362 stakeholders (farmers, agro-herders, transhumant herders, and institutional actors) in eight villages in the Tchologo region. The results show a marked deterioration in relations between farmers and transhumant herders, perceived by 82% of farmers and 53% of herders. This deterioration is linked to crop damage, increased pressure on land, pastures, and water resources, as well as animal losses. Restricted access to agro-pastoral dams (46%) and grazing areas (54%) and tougher conditions for transhumant herders are contributing to increased inter-community tensions. These conflictual dynamics have led to forced pastoral mobility, marked by the forced displacement of more than 100 herders to other regions of Côte d’Ivoire or to neighboring countries. Furthermore, insecurity has increased with the emergence of rural banditry, the circulation of small arms, and the recurrent mobilization of security forces. Local conflict resolution mechanisms appear to be weakened: more than half of the complaints recorded remain unresolved, and the majority of those interviewed consider village commissions to be ineffective and insufficiently neutral.