The use of great apes Pharmacopoeia or zoo-pharmacognosy is a very promising strategy for the treatment of human diseases due to the phylogenetic proximity of humans and non-human primates (NHP) as Bonobos. In total, more than 40 direct fields' observations of bonobos have been performed for five months. A high number of direct observations were recorded in August followed by September while there was less observations in June. The average size and composition of the group for August is estimated at 19 individuals with 8 males, 9 females and 2 young whereas the size recorded in September was of 12 individuals including 5 males, 6 females and 1 young. Physicochemical and blood-biochemical analysis results performed on bonobos urine within their natural habitat shown the presence of bilirubin in some urine specimens (a formation of an azo derivative with a diazonium salt). The presence of a lot of leukocytes in urine is an indication of Plasmodium infection since we are in Malaria endemic regions. These results confirm the evidence of great ape pathological condition and then these could be considered as a biological model for testing and/or validating the self-medication hypothesis and the anti-hemolytic effects of plants consumed by NHP that could be profitable to the sickle cell individuals. The survey revealed that the pharmacopoeia of bonobos of Lomako Nature Reserve consists of 35 plant species. The bioassay test showed that Treculia africana, a plant being part of the diet of the bonobos, inhibits the sickling of red blood cells in vitro in hypoxic conditions and can serve as a source of bioactive metabolites for promoting an antisickling nutritherapy in Democratic Republic of the Congo. The relationship between the pharmacopoeia of apes and sickle cell anemia is an original approach. Thus, it opens up new perspectives for the treatment of this hemoglobinopathy through modulating effects of secondary metabolites of plant origin on the epi-genome.