The area of high Sassandra like other areas of the country in confronted to the nutrition problem. These are due to the worst crops the agricultural revenue instability. The over-exploited land by the exportation cultures (coffee-cocoa)reduces the possibilities of the living activities development. The demography, the urban development, the water flow organization, the climate changes and the deforestation have some inversible consequences on the area, the aquatic biodiversity and also on men who live from these resources. Hoping that, pisciculture may be a tool of rural development of the means are given to this field. The Ivorian state has set up since the first decodes of its independences, a policy of development in the sector throughout different international cooperation and diverse programs in rural area. This period coincides to binominal coffee and cocoa glorious time that the government called « the Ivorian miracle ». Face to the difficulties undergone by the binominal coffee and cocoa because of the low prices, the lack of land and the lack of manpower at the beginning of the year 90, the socio-economic challenges around the shallows are becoming more and more important. It seems that the shallow more precisely pisciculture has become more important in the rural and agricultural economic reinforcement process in crises in high Sassandra area. Its insertion in this area is not only due to the public policies but also to diverse informal actors initiatives.