Pin fin geometries provide a large surface area of heat transfer and reduce the thermal resistance of the package. One of the important features of this type of fins is that they often take less space and contribute less to the weight and cost of the product. Pin fin arrays are used widely in many applications such as gas turbine or electronic circuits cooling, where pin fin geometries use due to their low cost of manufacturing and easy installing. In gas turbine application heat transfer from the blade to the coolant air can be increased by installing pin fins. In fact, Pin fin arrays increase heat transfer by increasing the flow turbulence and surface area of the airfoil exposed to the coolant. The overall performance of a heat exchanger with pin-fin typically depends on a number of parameters including the fin diameter, dimensions of the baseplate and pin-fins, thermal joint resistance and location heat sources. These parameters have an impact on the optimal design of a heat exchanger. Fin diameter is a key parameter to determine overall heat exchanger efficiency and entropy generation. In this paper, our objective is introducing an Equation to calculate optimal fin diameter based on minimizing entropy generation.

The process in a gas turbine plant involves certain losses which can be divided into internal and external losses. In term of internal losses, the main factor is changing the state of working fluid. Since the temperature of atmospheric air may vary within a wide range, its variations can influence strongly the efficiency of gas turbine plants. With growing ambient air temperature, the specific volume of air increases, which can result in a larger work spent for air compression in the compressor. One of the most effective method for increasing the efficiency of gas turbine plants is to raise the gas temperature before the turbine. Since this temperature is the highest temperature in the cycle, this method is applicable for gas turbine plants of any scheme and type. However, there are some limitations on increasing gas temperature. The allowable temperature for reliable operation is between 1000 and 1400 k. However, decreasing ambient air temperature to increase the efficiency of gas turbine plants is easier and at low costs compared to rising gas temperature. As a decrease of 1

Fouling problems cannot be avoided in many heat exchanger operations, and it is necessary to introduce defensive measures to minimize fouling and the cost of cleaning. The fouling control measures used during either design or operation must be subjected to a thorough economic analysis, taking into consideration all the costs of the fouling control measures and their projected benefits in reducing costs due to fouling. Under some conditions, nearly asymptotic fouling resistances can be obtained, and this suggests a somewhat different approach to the economics. Fouling is a generic term for the deposition of foreign matter on a heat transfer surface. Deposits accumulating in the small channels of a compact heat exchanger affect both heat transfer and fluid flow. Fouling deposits constricting passages in a compact heat exchanger are likely to increase the pressure drop and therefore reduce the flow rate. Reduced flow rate may be a process constraint; it reduces efficiency and increases the associated energy use and running costs. Maintenance costs will also increase. Fouling remains the area of greatest concern for those considering the installation of compact heat exchangers. The widespread installation of compact heat exchangers has been hindered by the perception that the small passages are more strongly affected by the formation of deposits. In this paper different types of fouling and treatment are presented.