With the freedom of choosing and compiling materials for in-house course books, lecturers of English at Thai Nguyen School of Foreign Languages (TSFL) have made their own sets of teaching materials for their students; one problem of this act is students don’t have a chance to be involved in and let their teachers know what their favorite topic areas are. Most of the time teachers pick a content of their interest which has nothing to do with students’ concerns. Being aware of this, the author has conducted a survey research on the use of students’ personal learning plans (PLPs) in managing their learning autonomy for an interpreting course. Every week, students make one plan on what they will listen to, how many new words they will learn and how many interpretations they will practice; in class, teachers then check what they do and give supports and feedbacks if necessary. The results from 100 students have revealed that making PLPs are significant in three ways: first, students are motivated to learn when they can study at their own pace; second, it helps build up their listening practice habits which are important in learning interpreting; and third, teachers have better information of what subject matters to choose for their teaching.

The development of entrepreneurship in rural areas constitutes a promising niche in the fight against poverty in terms of job creation, income generation and population establishment. Rural entrepreneurship deserves special attention; First, because there is very little research on this issue in Morocco, and second, because of its many peculiarities. The object of this work is therefore to address the question of the intention of young students, from rural areas, to undertake in their region of origin, and how to encourage their stabilization through entrepreneurship. After carrying out a quantitative survey work, we adopted a hypothetico-deductive approach whose objective is the design of an explanatory model of entrepreneurial intention of Ibn Zohr University students from rural areas. The results show that entrepreneurial intention could extend over a relatively long period of time, during which its intensity could vary considerably. Entrepreneurship as a possible solution to the exodus does not appear to be viable in the immediate future. A majority appear to be more certain of their intention to leave the region of origin.

For nearly a decade and a half, some foundries that recycle scrap metal have been established in Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo. These foundries produce annually, as do other foundries, thousands of tons of solid waste, the mismanagement of which was demonstrated in our previous article in the same press. The waste from the foundries being counted among the dangerous waste, it immediately seemed useful to us to determine their chemical composition.After chemical analyses by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry (XRF) on 15 samples of slag and 15 samples of sludge from three of the said foundries, the following results were obtained (i) qualitatively, the sludge of the foundries is composed of Na2O, CaO, Cr2O3, MnO, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, La2O3, Eu2O3, Yb2O3, OsO4, Br, SiO2, K2O, TiO2, V2O5 and ZnO while the slag contains in addition to these last components Ti2O3, Sc2O3, SrO, ZrO2, Nb2O5, RuO2, BaO, Re2O7, Al2O3, Au, MgO, Rb2O and HgO, (ii) On the semi-quantitative level, the chemical analyses indicate that Fe2O3 is the most preponderant component in the sludge with an average mass concentration evaluated at more than 85%, followed by Na2O [6.33%], SiO2 [5.3%], MnO [1.5%]. Eu2O3, Cr2O3 and CuO have concentrations in the order of the tenth (10-1), while the majority of the remaining components have concentrations in the order of the hundredth (10-2), except Re2O7, ZrO2, SrO and V2O5 whose concentrations are small in the order of the thousandth (10-3). On the other hand, the main component of the slag is SiO2 concentrated at 36% of the average total weight, followed by Fe2O3 [23%], MnO [15.5%], Al2O3 [10%], Cr2O3 [1.5%], Na2O [1.1%] which are the major components. TiO2, BaO, ZnO, MgO, SrO, K2O, V2O5, RuO2 have concentrations on the order of tenths ranging from 0.8 ≥ x ≥ 0.112, ZrO2, Eu2O3, Nb2O5, Re2O7 have concentrations on the order of hundredths ranging from 0, 047 ≥ x ≥ 0.02 and NiO, Au, Sc2O3, Ti2O3 and Br have relative concentrations on the order of thousandths ranging from 0.00333% ≥ x ≥ 0.001%.The comparison of the different compositions of the sludge and slag indicates that the slag from the FAMECO smelter, not only has several components related to the other two smelters, but also has higher or lower relative concentrations than the other two. Finally, the pooling or mixing of sludge and slag at the time of disposal indicates that the contribution of pollutants from the slag is far more abundant (78%) than from the sludge (22%).

Because of their multi-element chemical composition and especially because of the presence of trace metal elements (TME) at relatively high levels, sludge and slag from foundries are classified as hazardous waste. For this reason, they must undergo all the rigorous management imposed on such types of waste. However, those in charge of the Kinshasa scrap foundries remain deaf to this.Indeed, these scraps from the scrap metal foundries of Kinshasa are spread in plots, streets and avenues of the city of Kinshasa to be used as backfill without prior treatment to the detriment of a suffering population subject to serious environmental problems (potholes, erosion heads, floods, etc.).After chemical analysis of these wastes, it turns out that they contain Na2O, CaO, Cr2O3, MnO, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, La2O3, Eu2O3, Yb2O3, OsO4, Br, SiO2, K2O, TiO2, V2O5, ZnO, Ti2O3, Au, Sc2O3, SrO, ZrO2, Nb2O5, RuO2, BaO, Re2O7, Al2O3, MgO, Rb2O, HgO [1], while the chemical analysis of the soils backfilled by these slags and sludges of the foundries reveals that they contain all these components except Na2O, Br, Ti2O3, Nb2O5, BaO and Rb2O. Also, some typical components such as AsO3, As2O4, PbO and P2O5 which were not measured in the slag and sludge of the smelters were measured in the soils backfilled by the said slag and sludge.Furthermore, the comparison of the chemical composition of the soils backfilled by SBFs with that of the soils not affected by the backfill shows that P2O5, Al2O3, MgO, OsO4, La2O3, Yb2O3 and SO3, components of the backfilled soils, were not measured in the non-filled soils (blank sample).From a semi-quantitative point of view, it has just been demonstrated that almost all components of the soils backfilled with slag and sludge from smelters have relatively higher concentrations than their counterparts in the unfilled soils, with the exception of SiO2, V2O5 and Sc2O3.

The present study was carried out in Karakoro commune to assess the effects of incorporating powder from Moringa oleifera leaves on growth performance, laying and egg quality of ISA Brown laying hens. To do this, three batches of 100 laying hens were made and fed with three diets containing different levels of incorporation of Moringa oleifera powder. The experiment lasted eight weeks. Lot A was fed with feed without incorporation of Moringa oleifera. Lots B and C were fed feed containing Moringa oleifera leaf powder incorporation rates of 1% and 5%, respectively. In terms of the growth performance of the laying hens, the results showed that the average weight of the subjects of batch A which was 1.64 g at the 29th week was higher than those of batches B and C with respective weights of 1, 61 g and 1.57 g without significant difference (P(0.05). On the other hand, in terms of spawning performance, batch C obtained better results. The average egg weight of the laying hens in batch C (58.6 g) was greater than that of batch B (50.19 g) and batch A (47.85 g). Ultimately, breeders should incorporate Moringa oleifera powder into the diets of laying hens to improve laying performance.

Fulani breeders in Tchaourou have created the cattle market to facilitate commercial transactions. Thus, the creation of the Local Association of Management of the Livestock Market of Tchaourou (ALGMBT) constitutes a legal framework for the market making. This research aims to analyze Tchaourou cattle market functioning and management mechanisms.The methodological approach adopted for this research is based on documentary research, field data collection by 83 actors, users of the market, processing and analysis of the results obtained by the SWOT model.In view of the results obtained, it appears that the MBCT exchanges with several municipalities in Benin or neighboring countries. The MBCT contributes to the municipality development through the various taxes, either 500f for large ruminants or 100f for small ruminants). Thus, the MBCT pays at least 80,000f to the town hall every market day. Nevertheless, the actors in the performance of their role face certain difficulties which constitute a limit to the MBCT development. Faced with these difficulties, solutions approaches have been proposed.

Parasitic plants such as Striga hermonthica and Striga gesnerioides represent a real plague of parasitism on cultivated host plants. The main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge levels of growers on Striga hermonthica and Striga gesnerioides. A participatory approach was used, including the Communal Directors of Agriculture of five (5) communes, as well as producers in each target village. This study shows that 95% of producers confirm the presence of Striga hermonthica in millet fields and 89% of producers also mention the presence of Striga gesnerioides in cowpea fields. Among the wild host plants, eleven (11) are identified for Striga hermonthica and four (4) for Striga gesnerioides. According to producers, the symptoms of the attack of these parasitic plants that reduce millet and cowpea yields remain yellowing, stunting, reduced tillering / branching, poor development of ears/pods and the presence of millet stem borers. However, producers use control techniques such as hand-pulling, use of manure and use of host plant association techniques with sesame. These results can contribute to the development of effective control methods against Striga hermonthica and Striga gesnerioides.

The study was carried out as part of the sustainable increase in plantain production and as part of the strategy to contribute to achieving food security. In banana growing, the use of successive suckers for the next growing cycles without any measure of sanitation of the planting material contributes to the increase of nematodes in plantation. this study objective is to manage nematode populations through cultural practices. The CORNE 1 variety was planted at high density (2,500 plants / ha) in a device involving four treatments: two cycles without endomycorrhizae application, two cycles with endomycorrhizae application, annual replanting with endomycorrhizae application, annual replanting without endomycorrhizae application. Replanting took place 0.8 m from the fruiting stand of the previous growing season. The trial lasted three growing seasons. Nematode infestations are concentrated (80 %) within a radius of 50 cm around the fruiting foot. In addition, the lowest infestations of nematodes were observed with annual replanting with or without endomycorrhizae. This resulted in yields which remained high (P<0.05; Fisher test) in the second (35 t/ha) and third growing season (33 t/ha) and which were statistically comparable to that obtained at the first season (35 t/ha). In continuous cultivation, on the contrary, reductions in yields of 41.4 % and 63.5 % were recorded respectively in the second and third growing seasons. The use of vivoplants in annual replanting with endomychores offers the possibility of cultivating organic plantain without using nematicides.

Spigelian hernia is rare. It accounts for less than 0.1% of all abdominal wall hernias. It is often diagnosed at the complication stage. We report a case of a 52-year-old female patient with a clinical and morphological examination in favor of a spigelian hernia. Per-operative discovery showed a hernial sac with intestinal contents.She underwent a cure of hernia by the placement of polypropylene mesh in the abdominal wall at the weak spot.

Optimal and sustainable oil extraction is made possible by an excellent understanding of the reservoir in which it is trapped. The Cenomanian reservoir of the Makelekese field is subdivided into eleven distinct sequences (ranging from A to K) consisting essentially of carbonates (calcite and dolomite), silts and clays (smectite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, mica). This lithological heterogeneity, characterized by significant clayey, is the basis of the degradation of the permeability of the reservoir and influences the flow of fluids, and therefore the productivity of the wells. An oil reservoir is an invisible and complex physical system that we want to know as well as possible from the information obtained by geologists and geophysicists. Some data provide direct knowledge of the subsoil, localized to areas where drilling has been carried out, for example lithological parameters taken from logs. In addition, given the unsuitability of the Cenomanian reservoir (due to its high argillosity), a study of the three-dimensional distribution of the clay facies with quantification of the estimation uncertainties by geostatistical methods allowed us to subdivide the Cenomanian reservoir into four zones, including the most clayey would be located in the southwest of the reservoir, with a clay content exceeding 57.4206% and the least clayey in the southeast, with a clay content below 41.867%. The approach used in the context of this study therefore showed the influence of clays on the daily production (in barrels) of four wells in the Makelekese field and made it possible to identify the target areas for a planned intervention technique such as Hydraulic fracking.

Serological diagnosis of cysticercosis allows a detection of the disease on living pigs. It routinely uses Elisa as a screening test and Western blot (Eitb) as a confirmatory test. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the Elisa / Eitb association in order to improve decision-making for the control of this pathology in Côte d’Ivoire. A group of 246 of samples of pigs serums, divided into 123 negative for Elisa and 123 positive for Elisa were drawn at random and were analyzed by the Western blot test. Thus, a contingency table was used to analyze the characteristics of the screening test (Elisa) through the parameters of sensitivity (Sp), specificity (Sp). These performances of diagnostic of the combination of Elisa / Eitb tests was evaluated according to texts design in serial or mixed-strategy. The data obtained for these two patterns were compared. The overall results showed good sensitivity (Se = 76.2%) with average specificity (Sp = 55.4%). The diagnostic performance evaluation of the combination of Elisa / Eitb tests gave 13% serial positives and 17% in the mixed regimen, a difference of 4%. Also, on a total of 123 sreums negatives analyzed by Eitb, 10 or (8.13%) were found positives, corresponding to a loss linked to the screening of samples by Elisa.

This study objective is to determine the zoo technical and economic performance of feed formulas based on local resources in meat production. This work was carried out at 60 days with 27 red goats of average weight 11.0 ± 1.39 kg, divided into 9 goats per feed formula tested in the 3 villages of the Maradi region in Niger. Three (3) formulas (F1, F2, F3) based on crushed stems of millet, sorghum, peanut haulm, cowpea, Faidherbia albida pods, wheat bran and cottonseed cake, have been tested in Djirataoua, Adrawa and Kataré Moussa. The results show that the ingestion and weight growth performance are similar for the 3 formulas. Growth performance is higher in bucks of formula 3, which have an average daily gain of 26 ± 3.57g / day higher than 23.3 ± 5.67g / day for formulas 1 and 22.5 ± 4.89g / day for formula 2. Formula 3 has the best feed efficiency value (7± 1.33 kg Dry Mater in take by kg of weight gain). The production costs per goat are higher for Formula 3, which exceeds Formula 1 by 341 Franc CFA and Formula 2 by 370 Franc CFA The economic rates of return of the 3 formulas are identical (17%) but formula 3 is the most efficient, more efficient and more economically profitable. Formula 3 can be popularized with producers and livestock feed manufacturing units.

The biodiversity of the Congo Basin is a resource that must be well known and managed. Despite the strong pressure exerted on it, biodiversity still contains emblematic species that must be preserved. In addition to their biological importance, tropical forests remain essential for the riparian populations. Hence the need for rational and efficient management.We were interested in a seasonal catch assessment of endangered species fish. The results obtained during this research prove the failure to respect the capture of certain species of fish without taking into account the respect of the season (the calendar, the fishing zones as well as the biological maturity).This state of affairs sufficiently proves that the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock as well as that of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Tourism through the various services do not apply the regulatory measures for conservation of halieutic diversity.

Tobacco has become an essential element in the life of young people in the city of Mbandaka in general and the Bongondjo district in particular, but the place it occupies goes back several years. In particular, it occupies a place in the various fields (economic, social and cultural), so its place is at least quite important. However, this generates serious consequences and particularly at the health levels where it causes various diseases observed in the laboratory of the Bongondjo health center which strongly accentuates the risk of developing behaviors or problems (sterilization, aggressiveness, etc.) in the hospital. district.

The present study consists with the management of the household refuse in three various districts (Mambenga, Ibanga and Air Congo) of the town of Mbandaka of RD Congo.Our investigations were carried out in three hundred (300) households because of 100 households per district. These households were contained in «bunches or pockets» presenting the same characteristics or similarities. Thus, we obtained 6 bunches or pockets of the 50 households each one because of two bunches per district .The results obtained show that: the majority of the households of these districts do not have dustbins.3% only of the households of Mambenga district have the dustbins counter 2% of Ibanga district.In the district, 92,8% of households carry out against the hiding of the refuse 95,98% in Wangata and 93,33% with Bolenge.the major part of our surveyed are adults who are in the age bracket of 19-49 years for the three districts. The heads of the households whose age is lower or equal to 18 years represent only one small proportion among surveyed.as for the function of surveyed, the majority are agents and civils servant of the state, except in the zone of health of Bolengeor the peasants account for 50%.compared to the level of studies, it is released that the majority of the heads of the households finished the secondary studies, followed those which made the higher and university studies.As a result, the absence of functional structures capable of ensuring the collection and disposal of household waste through households in the city of Mbandaka leads to illegal and uncontrolled dumping in the streets and neighborhoods of this city.