The Floridian mango varieties Kent and Palmer, two of the exported varieties also used to produce dried mango, mango juice and jam, and three other varieties locally called: «Tête de chat», «Bouche longue» and «Mademoiselle» and translated in English as «Cat Head», «Long Mouth» and «Miss», were selected on the market and used for experiments. The mass of the pit, skin and pulp of each variety was determined by weighing. The operation was carried out on several ripe mangoes of each variety and the mass ratios of the pit and skins were determined. The ratios of a variety are used to predict the potential waste products (pit and skin) that can be produced by that variety. As results, the studied varieties Kent, Palmer, Cat Head, Miss and Long Mouth, have a mass percentage of waste (pit + skin), 5.93%, 14.00%, 22.69%, 14.60% and 18.00%, respectively, with an average value of 15.04%. According to the available data on Ivorian mango production, which, according to the sources, is between 140,000 and 150,000 tonnes or between 180,000 and 200,000 tonnes of mangoes per year, the resulting amount of waste would be between 21,056 and 22,560 or between 27,072 and 30,000 tonnes, respectively. This amount of waste could contribute to Ivory Coast ‘s energy mix if converted into energy.

Improving a home's energy efficiency allows the reduction of biomass consumption and therefore human pressure on forests and improves users' health. This work aims to highlight the performance of an improved cooker based on the protocol of a water boiling test (WBT) said advanced. A suitable charcoal or firewood type is tested with wood from the province of KADIOGO, Burkina Faso. The tests took place for a month using pot number 3 with the presence and absence of its lid. The energy lost by the openings, walls, and fumes of the Cook Stove is 73.01%. The thermal performance is estimated at η=26,99% and a maximum cooking time of 40 minutes. The improvements of this Cook Stove made it possible to achieve a gain of 10% unlike three-stone fireplaces generally have yields of about 20%. The result shows that an optimization of the cookstove that can reduce the openings is possible. The study will continue with the development of a digital method to propose a cook stove with optimal energy performance.

The Benin Sustainable and Secure Access to Electrical Energy Project (PADSBEE), initiated by the Government of Benin, aims to develop sustainable access to electricity through the construction of new lines to extend distribution networks. The construction of overhead distribution lines requires perfect knowledge and application of the climatic, electrical and geometric constraints to which they are subject. Our work thus consists in designing a software package for the electrical and mechanical dimensioning of medium-voltage overhead lines, with its application to the 3 km long 20 kV overhead line in the town of Come, in the Mono department. Based on the characteristics of the conductor to be used, the current criteria and the maximum permissible voltage drop, the electrical dimensioning allowed us to determine an Almelec conductor with a cross-section of 75.5 mm2 and composite insulators with a 490 mm creepage distance. From a mechanical point of view, verification of clearances to obstacles led to the selection of reinforced concrete supports 12 m in line and at a standstill, and 13 m at an angle. Wind and conductor loads on the supports led to the selection of Class A supports with a force of 300 daN in alignment, a Class A support with a force of 800 daN at an angle, and Class C supports with a force of 2000 daN at a stop. Reinforcements are of the sheet-vault type in alignment, horizontal stirrup in angle and single cross-member anchorage in stop.

The decline in rice production in Côte d’Ivoire in recent years is partly due to the poor condition of seeds at the time of planting. In this context of climate change, it is important to explore other alternatives for higher production. The aim of this study is to understand the physiological mechanisms involved in the growth of rice plants from primed seeds. Seeds of rice variety C26 (Oryza sativa) were primed in different solutions and grown under rainfed and rainfed lowland conditions. Treatments included control, water priming, sucrose priming and NaCl priming. Seeds primed with water and sucrose favored rice plant growth. The number of leaves under these conditions varied from 20 to 53. Plant height and number of tillers varied from 15 to 45 cm and from 5 to 12 tillers respectively. Seeds treated with NaCl showed the lowest values. Photosynthetic pigment levels were highest in plants growing under rain-fed conditions between the 4th and 7th weeks after planting. As for phenolic compound content, it was higher in growing plants in the lowland system and lower in rainfed conditions. Rice seed priming improved plant growth. The C26 rice variety is better adapted to lowland conditions.

This study aims to trace the situation of land use from 2005 to 2020 and its future at the end of this period to identify changes likely to establish a co-evolution between the state of ecosystems and the proliferation of stinking locusts. To achieve this, Landsat 7 and 8 images from 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 were uploaded to the US Geological Survey website platform: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov. A classification was carried out using the ENVI software and the results were exported to ArcGIS for the editing and production of maps. During the 15-year period studied, forest cover decreased by 202.5 km2. As for the grassy and shrub savannah, they increased by 194.4 and 32.8 km2 respectively. The recorded decrease in forest in favor of an increase in grassy and shrub savannah in the Mawanga sector during the 15 years under study can explain the proliferation of stinking locusts infesting cassava cultivation. The increase in the area of ​​grassy savannah and the decrease in that of forest present favorable conditions for the proliferation of stinking locusts. Despite the increase in the area of ​​shrub savannah, this situation masks the degradation of this ecosystem favoring low humidity conducive to the multiplication of the stinking locust.

This research aims to identify changes in climatic factors likely to explain the proliferation of Zonocerus variegatus populations observed in the Mawanga sector since 2015. Data series of temperature, precipitation and relative humidity covering the period from 1985 to 2021 have been downloaded from the «power.larc.nasa.gov» website. They made it possible to calculate the Lamb or Nicholson index and to evaluate the variability in order to discriminate between years with precipitation, temperature and hygrometry deficiency from those in excess compared to normal. This diachronic analysis revealed a variability likely to impact the population dynamics of stinking locusts and increase their ravages against cassava cultivation. Associated with the phenological stages of the stinking locust, the variability of precipitation, temperature and relative humidity parameters recorded between 1985 and 2021 favored the proliferation of stinking locusts and subsequent attacks.

In mountainous South Kivu, local markets are characterized by imperfect competition because not only is the information imperfect, but also transaction costs are high, sometimes arbitrary and hamper arbitrage in the marketing chain. There is freedom of entry and exit in the market but the information is not known in the same way and accessible to everyone in all markets. There are several sellers and several buyers on the market, but the products are heterogeneous. The price of agricultural products on the market are not stable and for good reason: the devaluation of the local currency, unpredictable taxes and over-taxation, the multiplicity of tax services on the same product, freedom in setting prices by the players, suppliers and/or wholesalers as well as retailers (unfair competition), a choice of products dictated by origin. The oligopoly situation experienced in the sector is caused by the concentration of producers. The determinants of consumption that are common to the four products studied are the market price, the income/wealth of the consumer, the prices of other substitutable goods and services, complementary goods and services, customer tastes/preferences as well as the family responsibility. Almost all consumers have the same behavior when it comes to essential goods. The latent factors determining the success of agribusiness in beans and corn are the profile, infrastructure, resources used, production technologies used, entrepreneurial orientation and marketing. The latent factors determining the success of cassava agribusiness are the resources mobilized and infrastructure. The latent factors determining the success of potato agribusiness are infrastructure, entrepreneurial orientation, marketing and production techniques.

Local markets in mountainous South Kivu are characterized by imperfect competition because not only is information imperfect, but also transaction costs are high, sometimes arbitrary and hinder arbitrage in the marketing chain. The prices of agricultural products on the market are not stable. The oligopoly situation experienced in the sector is caused by the concentration of producers. Suppliers thus have power resulting from their domination and strong demand. Oligopoly is dangerous for consumers to the extent that the few players present in this market may be tempted to agree on the prices they impose on buyers. Thus, the latent factors determining the success of agribusiness in beans and corn are the profile, infrastructure, resources used, production technologies used, entrepreneurial orientation and marketing. The latent factors determining the success of cassava agribusiness are the resources mobilized and infrastructure. The latent factors determining the success of potato agribusiness are infrastructure, entrepreneurial orientation, marketing and production techniques. The variable exploited and secured surface area proved to be discriminatory for family agribusiness. Apart from the cultivation of potatoes considered as cash crops on any surface area, only medium and large producers can boast of doing agribusiness on beans, corn and cassava. The direct use of land covered by official and lasting titles offers more guarantee than usufruct for family agribusiness. In addition to land guarantees, the common latent factors for doing family agribusiness are the personal characteristics of the producer, infrastructure, resources used, production technologies used, entrepreneurial orientation and marketing.

The Kouroussa prefecture is one of five prefectures in the Kankan region in the North-East and is an integral part of the upper Niger basin in the Republic of Guinea. It is an area that is experiencing the effects of climate change on the hydrological balance and the activities of local populations. The objective of the study is to characterize the hydroclimatic and thermal parameters in order to foresee the possibilities of natural exploitation of solar energy for the development of agricultural activities in the study area. In this study we determined the drought indices and calculated the specific energies from solar radiation. In terms of the results of the study, we note that the period from 1981 to 1993 the average rainfall value equals 1082 mm when the drought period from 1994 to 2010 is characterized by an average rainfall of 1131 mm. From 2011 to 2022 the rainfall is 1742 mm. The river is experiencing a period of drought for an average flow of 121.5 m3/s from 1980 to 1994. The average flow of 173.3 m3/s estimated for the period 1995-2018 explains the alternating drought phenomena. and surplus. The balance deficit is worth 95% of precipitation and the energies calculated at the expense of temperatures vary between 2048.10E-26 and 2062 10E-26 joules for an average of 2054. 10E-26 joules. Solar radiation established in the north and northeast of the area is characterized by temperatures varying between 25 and 27°C for an average temperature equal to 26°C. Solar energy sources can be used among many other possibilities for exploiting renewable energy for the benefit of the populations of Kouroussa.

The coastline in Abidjan -Côte d’Ivoire present many potential. Much previous work has been done there. However, there are few studies that essentially address the petro-sedimentary processes of detrital deposits in their transfer to the coast in Abidjan. Granulometric, morphoscopic and mineralogy approaches made it possible to characterize these detrital deposits on the coast. The sediments would have been preferentially moved by traction. At the end of their transfer, these sediments were deposited in the beach area and coastal dune. The appearance of the quartz grains in Abidjan area remains dull and not very shiny. These grains have rounded, sub-rounded, sub-angular, angular and masted round shapes. The proportion of haevy minerals increases from the «canal Est» site to the «Cité U» site. This follows the direction of the littoral drift.

Introduction: Screening and early treatment are the best strategy for controlling cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Based on artificial intelligence, new software Ophtascan allows the early detection of the following cancers: cervix, endometrium, breast, prostate, lung as well as type 2 diabetes, from the image of the eyes. The objectives of this study were to test the reliability of the test in the detection of type 2 diabetes and to present the prevalence of oncological pathologies detected. Methodology: screening was carried out in two stages: a technical test of the program and mass screening at the University Clinics of Lubumbashi and the Sendwe Hospital of Lubumbashi among volunteers from April 2023 to July 2023. Results: Of the 98 volunteers screened including 32 men and 66 women, the risk of the following cancers was detected by Ophtascan: in men, 12.5%, 28% and 6% respectively for the prostate, lung (pre-cancer) and lung while in women we had 1.5%, 6%, 3%, 4.5% and 3% respectively for cervix (pre-cancer), cervical cancer, endometrial, breast (pre- cancer) and breast. This cancer screening trial was not accompanied by clinical confirmation of detected diseases due high cost and practical problems. T2DM trial was accompanied by lab blood test for confirmation of results. Proved sensitiviy of Ophtascan for T2DM achieved 91% within blind clinical trial and 100% within technical trial, and 72% of screened people did not suspect they had this disease, detected by Ophtascan. Conclusion and recommendation: Ophtascan is feasible in our environment and seems to have high reliability for the detection of type 2 diabetes as screening tool. Ophtascan certainly detected most of the targeted cancers, but the low number of cases does not allow solid conclusions to be drawn. The difficulty of validation for all types of cancer mentioned above due to its high cost for patients, we propose to carry out a new pilot research project which will focus on cervical cancer, for which early treatment is possible at a low cost in our environment.

The present study focuses in situ and laboratory determination of geotechnical parameters of soil samples from the Niamey region (Niger). The collected soil samples were analyzed at the geotechnical laboratory (GEO-LAB CONSULT). Petrographic analysis of samples from manual wells showed three stratas of varying thickness. From top to bottom, these are: medium to coarse yellowish-red sand (50 to 80 centimeters), lateritic gravel (20 to 40 centimeters) and ferruginous armour (40 to 60 centimeters). The obtained results from the penetrometer boreholes were used to determine the depth of the foundations, the thickness of the studied stratas and the ultimate stress of the soil for foundations dimensioning. At the Aeroport site, the depth of the lowest point is 1.5 meter, with an ultimate stress of 5.05 bars. The Satu site has a lowest depth point of one meter, with an ultimate stress of 7.47 bar. The Kalley Plateau site gave a lowest depth point of 1.5 meters with an ultimate stress of 2.20 bars, and the Saguia Béné site had a lowest depth point of 1.5 meter with an ultimate stress of 2.15 bars. Analysis of the water content of studied soils, combined with the penetrometric results, shows that water content influences soil strength.

The aim of this study is to produce biogas with household peelings. The peels used are cassava (PM), yam (PI) and plantain (PB) peels. The bibliographic study allowed us to know that this waste has a high yield of biogas. However, the production of biogas with these peelings has acidification problems linked to their acid pH and a high C/N ratio. The use of a digestate from the anaerobic digestion of cow dung as inoculum (I) and a neutralizer such as human urine and cassava effluent allowed the pH to be adjusted around neutrality, which which made it possible to produce flammable biogas with its various peelings.

The management of agro-pastoral waste remains a major concern in countries with high agricultural potential such as Côte d’Ivoire, due to the pollution of environmental components resulting from its poor management. This work aims to identify the different types of agro-pastoral waste generated in the departments of Soubré, Issia, Sassandra and Daloa. It also aims to provide information on the quantities of residues available and to identify the management method for this waste. To do this, some fields of observations were made to identify the different types of waste then based on agricultural statistical data from the Ministry. The quantities of agro-pastoral residues were estimated. A survey was also conducted from a survey sheet of agropastoral residue holders to identify the management method. It appears that in these localities, we find as crop residues, rice straw and husk, stalks, cobs and pobs of maize and cassava, bunches and palm shells, cocoa fibers and pods, shells of coffes. Livestock waste is made up of slurry, liquid manure, manure, bones, feathers and droppings and comes from animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry. The quantities of crop residues estimated are 236,123.3 t/year in Daloa, 255,000 t/year in Issia, 290,000 t/year in Soubré and 198,221.4 t/year in Sassndra. Livestock waste is 728.8 t/year in Daloa, 3,606.1 t/year in Issia, 2,442.6 t/year in Soubré and 873.4 t/year in Sassndra. In these localities, 85% of planters abandon their residues in the fields, 12% of planters incinerate them in the open air and 3% compost them.

This article targets Congolese residing in urban areas, 115 subjects were contacted. We submitted a questionnaire assessing the social representation of mental illnesses, in terms of symptomatology, etiology and therapeutics. The results of this study explicitly demonstrated that there is an evolution in the social representation of mental illness and the understanding of its etiology in the African environment. Because the understanding of the manifestations of mental illness among the Congolese is in line with psychiatric semiology. We believe that modernity would have an impact on the positive social representation of mental illness among the Congolese contacted.

The aim of this article is to study numerically the influence of the physical parameters of the porous medium on the heat transfer rate. To do this, we use the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model, and a numerical tool (Ansys fluent) to solve the heat transfer and Navier-Stockes equations. The average Nusselt numbers (convective and radiative) were then determined as a function of thermal conductivity, porosity and permeability. We can deduce that as thermal conductivity increases, the heat transfer rate rises to a maximum value before decreasing. As porosity increases, radiative and convective Nusselt decrease. Finally, the transfer rate increases with increasing permeability.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine mothers’ level of knowledge about dirty hand diseases and the practice of hand hygiene in the Tshopo health zone. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 mothers/caregivers selected by a three-stage cluster sampling technique, in the Tshopo health zone, using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were based on proportions, mean and confidence intervals. Results: The most frequently cited dirty-hand diseases were diarrhea (55%), typhoid fever (48%) and amoebiasis (41%). Inadequate hand hygiene (71.5%), soiled food (34%) and unsanitary water (21%) were the most frequently cited contamination routes. Hand hygiene was the best-known measure for preventing dirty hands (71%), and the most frequently cited times for practicing hand hygiene were before eating (77.5%) and after using the toilet (71%). Hand hygiene was most frequently observed before eating (66.5%) and after using the toilet (49%). Hand-washing facilities were close to toilets in 37% of cases. Conclusion: The knowledge of diseases of dirty hands and means of prevention is incomplete but that of hand hygiene as a means of prevention of these diseases is satisfactory. Raising awareness, the availability of washbasins, water and soap near the toilets are actions to be reinforced.

Macroscopic examination is a description of a tissue sample. This procedure involves observation of the specimen, together with the samples taken. As part of our laboratory’s ongoing quality approach, we carried out a study to assess the quality of macroscopic examination in pathological anatomy. The assessment and interviews carried out identified existing good practices and areas for improvement, namely: a lack of space under the fume hood, unsuitable bottles for certain specimens, communication difficulties with surgeons, staff exposure to chemical hazards, particularly formalin, and infectious risks when examining fresh anatomical specimens. The recommendations put forward in this study are aimed at improving this essential technique for accurate anatomical-pathological diagnosis.

Higher education in Morocco faces a persistent challenge linked to its adaptation to contemporary educational needs, highlighting the need to develop reflexivity among students to promote critical thinking and independent learning. The objective of this study focuses on the pedagogical strategies employed by higher education teachers in various disciplines to teach reflexivity.Through an in-depth survey conducted among a representative sample of teachers working at higher education institutions in Morocco, using semi-structured interviews as the main means of data collection. The results of this research are analyzed qualitatively to identify emerging trends and best practices in teaching reflexivity. This study makes a significant contribution to the understanding of educational practices aimed at developing reflexivity, offering prospects for educational innovations. The qualitative findings of this research can guide educational policymakers and practitioners towards more effective approaches to promoting reflexivity among students, thereby contributing to an overall improvement of higher education in Morocco.

Copper is one of the essential trace elements because it has metabolic importance for humans. However, copper and cupric compounds can be toxic at high concentrations. Indeed, too high a concentration of copper in the human body can cause damage to the kidneys, the brain and even death. Given that this product represents a health risk of dependence, it is therefore important to develop analysis methods capable of detecting it. Indeed, an electrochemical sensor has been synthesized. This electrochemical sensor is a carbon paste electrode modified with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). It was characterized by electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry in the presence of copper. Certain electrochemical parameters such as the influence of the copper concentration, the detection limit, the influence of pH, the reproducibility of the results was studied.