This study aimed to evaluate the effect of heterosis on chlorophyll and carotenoid content in a hybrid soybean. This study used two genotype of the elders, and two genotypes of F1 and F1R a hybrid varieties Petek x Jayawijaya. Petek and Jayawijaya were tolerant and sensitive to shade respectively. Observed variables were the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, plant height, number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant and weight of 100 seeds. Heterobeltiosis value and the highest positive heterosis found in the character of pods per plant and pods per plant ranged contains 75-77% for mid parent and 41-45% for high parent, while the influence of the female elders are not present in the character of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, plant height, number of pods per plant, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds. The result of the research showed that there is no correlation between either chlorophyll or carotenoids content and other variables.

Given that nutrition strongly influences the health and physical handicaps is an aggravating factor of the bad protein-energy nutrition, this study aims to assess the nutritional status of children and adolescents suffering from cerebral palsy. This comparative study was conducted on two samples of 132 children and adolescents aged from 2 to 17 years old including 65 with cerebral palsy and 67 children and adolescents with normal development in the North West of Morocco. Using the classification system of the gross motor function - Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-È & R), Using a dietary survey and socio-demographic and anthropometric data, we were able to gather the following results: 11.1% of patients were classified at GMFCS level I, at level II 8.9%, 8.9% at Level III, 35.6% at IV and 35.6% at level V. Our results also showed that the state emaciation was observed in 39% of children suffering from cerebral palsy against 17.1% of non-pathological (chi-square = 4.40, p = 0.04). And 37.5% of adolescents suffering from cerebral palsy have a state of emaciation against absence in controls (chi-square = 14.30, p <0.001). Growth retardation is observed in pathological children (48.8%) than in normal (2.9%) with (chi-square = 19.91, p <0.001), whereas it did not differ significantly among adolescents (chi-square = 0.04, p = 0.84), a significant difference of underweight was observed in children of both samples (chi-square = 23.43, p <0.001), indicating deterioration in pathological. Our study also revealed the existence of correlations between the GMFCS and Z-scores studied, and significant correlations between Z-scores were established. These results must be considered to avoid the worsening of the nutritional status of children and teenagers suffering from cerebral palsy or corrected. Also some simple laboratory tests (serum albumin, pre albumin, C - reactive protein) will be necessary to assess the endogenous or exogenous aspect of under nutrition.

Learning styles identification using learners’ behavior and the actions they perform on a MOOC environment constitute in our opinion not just an interesting research issue but also an important solution to improve MOOC effectiveness. Indeed, providing learners with learning resources and activities that suit to their preferences and learning styles increases their satisfaction improve learning performances and save time (efficiency). In this paper, we propose an approach that uses neural networks to identify and track learners learning styles, then to provide them the appropriate resources, activities, etc. through adaptive recommendation system. The purpose of this paper is to examine the point of view of literature on MOOCs, learning styles and their use in MOOCs environment and our proposed solution to integrate an adaptive recommendation system with MOOC taking into accounts the plurality of participants’ learning styles.

We know that with the reliability structure, modeling is based on a deterministic physical system: the latter extract degradation mechanisms. Thus, mechanisms taken into account are crack propagations and are defects from thermal or vibratory fatigue, corrosion or erosion etc... The structure is submitted to some loadings in its environment; this, defines a finite number of modes of degradation. We can envision envisage two possible outcomes: failure or success. Therefore, we could consider the failure probability deterministic or probabilistic. According to the probabilistic approach, the risk will be evaluated without probability of failure. It is understood that this evaluation represents the entire problem of this work. In our study, we are going to be examining the development of two methods of structural reliability, which are the first order and second order: That is why we are going to use FORM and SORM method alongside with the Monte Carlo simulation, which are so effective that they are used to solve problems from the domain of the structure reliability. They allow approximating the limit state function, reliability index and the probability of failure.

Today we note a gradual interest and a growing awareness to the new role assigned to local authorities and their relation to sustainable development; and that, since the adoption of Agenda 21 by more than 170 countries who took part in the Earth Summit held in Rio in Brazil in 1992. This global planning document is presented as a set of action programs and an indicative plan for central and territorial governments, which aims to improve the indicators of sustainable development through the effective and efficient involvement of local authorities. However, this course depends on the degree of commitment of these entities.

Morocco as many developing countries suffer consequences of the globalization. He knew social deficits and transfers which affected several business sectors what makes them fragile. Conscious in these stakes, the Moroccan public authorities undertook measures to strengthen and upgrade sectors having suffered the repercussions of the competition and to mobilize the social action to fight against the precariousness and the poverty. Among these measures, the implementation of the network of the voluntary sector which was rest supported by the National Initiative of the Human Development, launched by His Majesty the King Mohammed VI on May 18th, 2005. The cooperative constitutes the vertebral column of the voluntary and united sector. It has for objective to support her members and to improve their socioeconomic situation. The object of this article is to determine the role of cooperatives in the sustainable development. We tried at first to approach the characteristics of cooperatives then we showed that cooperatives integrate into their management of the multiple objectives of economic, social and ecological order. Finally, we highlighted the current situation of the Moroccan cooperatives and their performances.

Wastewater treatment plants are dynamic systems subject to wide and uncontrolled variations of flow, concentration and composition of effluents crossing-by the plant. Mathematical models are essential to describe, predict and control the variation of method such process. The aim of this work is to develop a model for monitoring the process of an activated sludge waste water treatment plant located in the suburb or Rabat, the capital of Morocco. Data of the several physic-chemical parameters (i.e. biochemical oxygen demand -BOD5; chemical oxygen demand -COD; flow; total phosphorus; total nitrogen; dissolved oxygen; suspended solids (SS , MVS ); temperature (T);and pH) were recorder over the period 2004-2008 and assessed using multidimensional data analysis methods for correlations. Results showed a significant correlation between SS and SLE and between BOD5 and COD. Moreover, a significant correlation between MVS and MES, and between BOD5 and total nitrogen were observed at the at process output. Regression of least squares partial (PLS) was performed on significant parameters and resulted in three equations, with significant correlation coefficients suggesting a good sensitivity of the built model.

This study aims to explain the dynamics of the local climate in southwestern of Côte d'Ivoire in a context of strong human pressure and climate variability. The methodological approach, based on the use of climate data an opportunity to discuss the impact of environmental change on natural resources. Southwestern Côte d'Ivoire has suffered a sharp change in vegetation cover. Since the climate out of 1970, the region observed spatiotemporal variation of rainfall regularly changing down. She sees an emphasis on the occurrence of extreme weather events, especially in terms of temperatures. These changes have resulted in a reduction of consecutive wet months and threatening storm agriculture practice in this area.

Le e-Learning occupe une position centrale dans un ensemble large et diversifié de modalités d’acquisition et de développement des capacités organisationnelles. Cependant, sa mise en place implique une contrainte comportementale. Nous nous interrogeons sur les facteurs qui favorisent l’acceptation de l’utilisation du e-Learning par les salariés comme un nouveau mode d’apprentissage. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’identifier les déterminants de l’utilisation du e-Learning comme un nouveau mode d’apprentissage en s’inspirant de la théorie sociale cognitive, le modèle d’acceptation de la technologie, la théorie de l'échange social et la théorie de l’apprentissage organisationnel. A partir de cette riche base théorique, nous avons pu constituer notre modèle conceptuel. Le second objectif consiste à tester empiriquement le modèle élaboré auprès d’un échantillon de salariés dans le contexte tunisien à travers une étude qualitative exploratoire consolidée par une étude empirique menée auprès d’un échantillon de 318 salariés tunisiens.

E-learning is considered as a learning style, which continuously improves the employees' skills. The question therefore becomes to know how to facilitate the learning transfer in the organization after the use of e-learning. The object of the study is to identify the susceptible factors which are likely to influence effective learning transfer and to consequently understand the factors hindering this transfer after the use of e-learning through a survey based on a questionnaire addressed to 109 learning employees, preceded by 17 semi-directive interview guides directed to learners and training managers of the companies practicing e-learning as an additional learning style. The study has enabled us to highlight the role of motivating the learners to transfer their learning as well as the superiors' encouragement and the colleagues' support.

Nowadays, the management of water capital becomes an alarming situation, worrying the authorities of many countries. The purpose of this study is to assess the capacity of the Kisanga II aquifer in order to serve the population of the city of Lubumbashi with water of sufficient quality and quantity in order to reduce the shortage of water. Hydrological observations were made over a period from 2014 to 2015. They reveal the behavior of the aquifer during the critical periods (dry season, dry episodes). From these observations, the authors describe the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the catchment drained by the river KISANGA II; evaluate the reserves of the aquifer of the basin, using the flood hydrograph raised by them; Then they discuss the significance of these results obtained by applying the empirical formulas of MAILLET & WERNER, TISON & DUNSQUIT and then explain the index of storage and the rate of renewal; establishing the optimum conditions for the use of this aquifer in case of abusive exploitation and finally providing advice to the managers.

The financial system in any economy occupies an outstanding position in channeling the necessary funds to boost the economic growth. In this context, a critical debate had been launched in an attempt to reveal the mechanism of developing the financial system and increasing its performance vis-à-vis the other economic cycles' departments. Financial liberalization comes as a strategy to improve the funds pooling and channeling process and come up with the demands of the other economic agents (investors and consumers). The antagonists of the financial liberalization argue that this tactic whether takes the sequencing or big bang approach may lead to hard distortion within the system because it requires the lift up of the government hand on the financial system and let the latter working according to the market law. These laws may deprive a large portion of the society to benefit from the gains of the financial system. This paper tries to explain the interrelations between the financial system and the requirements of the financial liberalization paradigm, and how the latter impact the efficiency of the former.

Investigation on the gastro-intestinal parasites, were conducted in healthe Centers Fomulac-Katana and Miti-Murhesa, in Kabare territory in order to appreciate the prevalence of Taenia infestation to persons in consultation. Thus, the collection and analysis of records and medicine report from 200 to 2004 concerning institutions have allowed to reach the results here bellow.Over 181, 599 sample human junks which were examined in the health Centers of Mabingu, Lwiro, Kabushwa, Mbayo, Ihimbi, Mugeri, Birava, Bushumba and Murhesa, 1,157 cases of Taenia were record (6,3%). All the person parasite come from reral areas. In addition to the case of Taenia mentioned above 720 cases of other parasites (3,96%) have been observed in health institutions investigated in associating or not of their parasites. On the whole, the Taenia infestations would be reduced in that areas and significand compared the others gastro-intestinal parasites examined.

Demographic change is responsible for the degradation of wetlands Nyong river. The overall objective of the study has been to analyze socio-economic factors who manage Nyong river, Mbalmayo Distric. Interviews and surveys of the local population have been made. The local population is mainly the men (61%), mainly to 41-60 year hold (60%). They practice mainly agriculture on the banks of Nyong river (43%). The plants are invasive (40%) and block river (40%). Biodiversity is factor mainly impacted (50%). The managing of these area for different actors is doing by all abduction of invasive plants (90%), by extraction (60%). The interviews and surveys have highlighted the complexity of interactions between actors. Respondents are aware: they identify the environmental, social, political and territorial raised by the management of risk areas.

The petrologic study of gneiss of Bunhyakiri in the South –Kivu province in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The following lithologies were identfied: the gneiss was subdivised in gneiss “oeillés”, granitics gneiss and leptyni, and the pegmatit was subdivised in pegmatit contens tourmalin and pegmatit contens biotit. The chemical analysis had shown that the gneiss of Bulambika was born from metamorphic evolution of medium and acid rocks (granit, granodiorit, tonalit). This lasts are peraluminous and belong to one magmatic series which is calcoalcalin sery. It means that they are magmatic rocks which come from mantel and they were formed in subduction context. These formations are, to the mineralogic point of view, rich in feldspaths (±55% of proportion) where the albit dominate. They are belonging to the class of Kibarian granitoids of the group of Bitale.

This study carried out in the cheap one of Bukavu, precisely in the southern part, on water of the sources. It was carried out under two aspects: aspects quantitative and qualitative. The first aspect consisted with the taking away of the flows on the various sources to compare them from/to each other. It was noted that the flows vary from a source to another: the Kabangere source is most significant, with an average of 29,87.10-5 m3/S, followed by Brigignon 10,89. 10-5 m3/S, Hewa Bora 8,93. 10-5 m3/S, Mushununu 7,75. 10-5 m3/S, Swimming pool 3,83. 10-5 m3/S and, finally, Kaba T ate 3,15. 10-5 m3 / S. L be five last sources have medium flows varying from 3,15 to 10,89.10-5 m3/S. the second aspect which was limited on the qualitative analysis consisted in measuring the contents of chemical elements dissouts in water of the sources to compare them with their relative concentrations recommended for a drinking water by the standards of WHO (World Organization of L has Santé) and supplemented by the measurement of the physicochemical parameters such as the pH, conductivity, the temperature. This study proved that water of our sources is all drinkable, and thus, clean and without danger to consumption.

The objective of this study is the evaluation of the groundwater’s quality of the region Zegit-Oulmes by analysis of some physico-chemical parameters as pH, redox, conductivity, salinity, solids dissolved, oxygen and temperature. These parameters have been measured by a kind Consort C535 and Hanna Instruments HI 98280 multi-parameter Analyser. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was measured by a multiparameter photometer HANNA type C 214 (HI 83214), the biological oxygen demand (BOD5) by a Dbometre for five days and turbidity by a turbidimeter. The electrical conductivity is about 2836,6 ± 229.4 µS/cm, dissolved oxygen about 6.66 ± 3,84 mg/l, about 84,86 ± 56,16 NTU turbidity, chemical and biological oxygen demand are respectively about 166 ± 133.4 mg O2/l and 40.66 ± 29.73 mg O2/l. These results indicate that the groundwater’s quality in Zegit-Oulmes is bad and the measures exceed the national standards, which poses a serious problem for their direct consumption.

This study aims to demonstrating that from independence of Democratic Republic of the Congo till now, ethnicity has always played a major role for political leaders in this that each one uses his tribe or ethnicity as to secure his power base during his reign. This, in fact, has been demonstrated through the various rebellions of the years 1960-1965, when everyone fell back in his home province to be able to provide a sound basis strengthening and legitimizing actions or ambitions of the interest of the whole community. From the taking over in 1965, 1997 and 2001, people only succeeded to empower, as the political power management system did not change at all. Since the time of Mobutu’s, Kabila's father’s or Joseph Kabila’s regime, political power enjoyed an ethnic or tribal base safe in the sense that each governing, working with the members of his home province. Therefore, other tribes were part of the fair management that hide the image of ethnicity by appearing advocate for national unity. Really, the members of the ethnic group or tribe played or still play a vital role of running for important posts in the army and government, including the Interior Ministry, the General Staff of the Army, national defense, presidential security brigade, the intelligence services, police, the public enterprises and other government posts.

Brand has become a necessary part in our daily life. The product, when becomes a brand, promises quality, trust and distinct place in a range of choices. Brand equity can corrode either because of negative experiences or because of positive new information about substitute brands. Brand equity makes a customer faithful with the product irrespective of its price. In telecom sector, brand equity is valuable assets of every company and it should be made to nurture. This study intends to examine the mediating effect of brand awareness on the relationship between brand loyalty, brand image and brand equity in telecom sector of Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. A sample based on 200 customers, using structural equation modeling approach, brand loyalty and brand image are found to have positive effects on brand awareness. The findings of this study suggest that the brand awareness fully mediates the effect of brand loyalty and brand image on brand equity.

Sanitation and health of populations regarding malaria and diarrhea syndromes were studied in precarious neighborhoods of Abobo (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). Globally, 587 concessions were sampled with 14 232 people. Human excreta are essentially disposed in autonomous sanitation systems (8-88%). The grouping of neighborhoods according to their sanitation gave three entities: (Anonkoua and Abobo PK-18) (Sagbé, Avocatier, M'Ponon and Jean-Tahi) and (Abobo-Baoulé). People have access to the drinking water from SODECI for various usages depending on the use and the season. Drinking water from SODECI is the only one used in the dry season, but it’s partially substituted by rainwater during the rainy season for bath, clothes washing and dishes. However, it is exclusively used for drinking regardless of the season. The classification of precarious neighborhoods based on water use gives five groups: (Anonkoua, Avocatier) (Sagbé, Abobo PK-18), (Jean-Tahi) (M'Ponon) and (Abobo-Baoulé). Population health in these areas is worrying with 47% of patients (35% of malaria syndrome cases and 12% of diarrhea syndrome cases). The young population ([0-8 years [) is the most affected, with 25% of malaria syndrome cases and 34% of diarrhea syndrome cases.

In this work, we tried to study some aspects which constitute the foundation of the anthropology in Morocco. We tried to emphasize the importance of the concept of tribe grafting that mode of social and cultural organization; we lifted (raised) some themes which marked the birth and the development of the anthropological knowledge, the knowledge which revealed the anthropological horizon of the Moroccan society. To do it, we made appeal(recourse) to the works of Robert Montagne, Ernest Gellner and Raymond Jamous to understand(include) the use(custom) which they made of the Moroccan tribal model and to know how also this one definitively marked the birth of the anthropology in Morocco.

Our work has for object of study the museum cultural policy in Morocco. Our anthropological approach joins in an interpretative approach which consists in reporting ethnographical museums and their way of functioning. We also tried to see the definition which we assigned to the notion of museum cultural policy to understand the problematic relationship which maintains the museum, on one hand, with field of the cultural heritage and one the other hand with the public Moroccan. One has to note that said relationship cannot be understandable without the talking into consideration of the organizational criteria which obeys the reception of the patrimonial culture to acquire the status of museum culture.

The aim of this study was in one hand to characterize fish population and to estimate catch per unit effort (cpue) and production in Potou lagoon. The present survey has been led in the Potou lagoon from April 2004 to March 2006. The data have been collected 10 days per month with an experimental fishing using a beach seine associated to commercial fishings data collected during the sampling days. Fish community inventoried on the Potou lagoon was composed of 38 species including left in 33 genuses, 23 families and 8 orders. A species (Parachanna obscura) was reported for the first time in the Ebrié lagoon. Fish fauna in the Potou lagoon was dominated by 4 orders (Perciformes, Siluriformes, Elopiformes, Clupeiformes) forming 97% and 99% of the total number and biomass respectively, with the Perciformes as main order (55% of fish total abundance and 49% of total biomass. Community was dominated by six species (82% of total abundance: Tilapia guineensis (18%), Elops lacerta et Ethmalosa fimbriata (17% chacune), Sarotherodon melanotheron (16%), Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (9%) et de Polydactylus quadrifilis (5%). In Potou lagoon, catch per unit effort (cpue) showed variation according to fishing gear and seasons. Annual mean cpue varied from 39 kg/output (trap fishery) to 1008 kg/output (beach seine fishery), with maximum values during the dry season (16 to 580 kg/ output) et minimum in the rainy season (11 à 134 kg/ output). Annual production in Potou lagoon was estimated to 526.584 tons, with a yield of 250 kg/ha/year.

Yam is the first food crop in Côte d’Ivoire. However, it has experienced a low yield due to anthracnose. The objective of this work is to identify the disease endemic zones, the most susceptible yam varieties and the causative agents of anthracnose. A phytosanitary survey was then conducted in four yam growing zones of Côte d’Ivoire (Centre-north, Centre, Nord-east and South-west) three months after planting, to evaluate the distribution and the prevalence of this disease on two improved varieties (TDa/0090 and C18) and one or two local varieties (bètè-bètè, krenglè, adaguié, sapian et woro) specific to each study area. Leaves and stems symptomatic sample were taken for laboratory analysis. Three groups of symptoms were identified : brown necrosis surrounded by a yellow halo, black necrosis and burns. The prevalence of yam anthracnose ranged from 4 to 72,22 % and the severity from 1 to 4. The highest prevalence was observed in the South-west zone and on the local varieties. Samples analysis revealed that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides/Glomerella cingulata would be responsible to yam anthracnose in Côte d’Ivoire.

This cross-sectional study aims to identify health behaviors among adolescents engaged in team sport in Taza, Morocco. The whole sample includes 512 adolescents aged between 13 and 20 years old (Girls = 45.5% and Boys = 54.5%). Participation in team sport was estimated to 61.1%. Results revealed that engagement in team sport is not associated with healthy behaviors of adolescents. Hence, more adolescents in team sport adopt violent behaviors. Otherwise, le level of education about healthy behaviors was suitable in team sport participants than the non-participants.