Following the September 2001 terrorist attacks in New York, governments have waged a global campaign against terrorists groups in order to ensure national security. A crucial part of this campaign has been intelligence gathering with different methods of interrogation in order to extract allegedly necessary information from suspected terrorists. Similarly, it is not surprising that intelligence personnel have started recognizing that neuroimaging technologies

The wireless technology and its application growing faster and faster in last decades. Mobile network is one of the fastest growing technologies in wireless network. This headed to some challenges that face mobile network such as how to serve the big number of users, efficiently of frequencies is scarce and interferes with each other. One of the solutions to deal with such challenges is Cellular Networks which is used to divide a geographical area in to cells so that we can reuse the scarce frequencies in order to support more users and also to decrease interference. This paper introduces the importance of dynamic channel allocation in cellular networks and how much gain could be utilized by this technique. The Methodology depend on an intensive reading of what other research has been done in the field, then the model factors and the goal was built according to the main importance issues in this field. In order to realize the complications and limitations of the topic and to have comprehensive understanding many work in the literature have been revised. The mechanism was tested in two different scenarios, with uniform and non-uniform load distribution. For the findings: A new mechanism was introduced to overcome the previous limitations and to gain more efficient results. Also it utilizes artificial intelligence approach to make the allocation process optimal. Moreover, the new mechanism depends on four factors cell size, coordination, frequency reuse, and hand over to make the allocation process efficient and reliable.

This study is directed to the business community regarding the planning of advertisements and more specifically implementing their reference prices. The aim is to investigate the effects of the presentation of reference prices of the consumers' behaviors. It is an empirical study in which the researcher has used literature reviews and survey to investigate the issue. A survey is delivered to 116 randomly selected respondents, where 86 people have replied. The researcher has investigated different areas related to reference prices such as the importance of advertised reference prices for firms, the effects of advertised reference prices to consumers purchase behaviors; the effects on the consumers purchase decisions; the products characteristics that influence consumers purchase behaviors, and finally the impact of the firms' variables to the consumers' behaviors. Reference prices may be defined as the cost that customers consider reasonable to pay or expect paying for a typical product. The market department of the organizational consistently engages in assessing the product's reference prices in order to set the level of prices affordable to customers or target markets. Today's customers are more knowledgeable than the customers in the past. This research will help in providing positive and easily acceptable tool to launch a new product in the market. Furthermore, it might be of great benefit to the business communities in the industries.

This paper proposes a platform for evaluating the relevance of IFRS in a prior-implementation context that may be of interest to any country concerned by the international accounting harmonization. Thus, in one hand, a tool is provided to measure the level of voluntary harmonization of local accounting practices with IFRS (voluntary de facto harmonization). In the other hand, the theoretical foundations that might explain such a measure are presented. In fact, the contingency theory and the neo-institutional approach helped us establish the explanatory variables, hypothesis and research models, related to two distinct local populations, involving the commercial firms and the accounting firms. Finally, we test the proposed platform for evaluating the relevance of IFRS in a prior-implementation context on the Tunisian case. We found that this emergent country is not yet prepared for an immediate transition to IFRS. Overall, the potential level of de facto voluntary harmonization is rather due to foreign institutional pressures that require IFRS as a reassuring and seducing label, than to a real local need.

Many applications using Geographic Information Systems technology exist today. From facility mapping to inventory management, from land use analysis to trash collection routing, GIS technology is enhancing the ability of government agencies to provide services to its citizenry. Public utility networks comprise the most important and infrastructure in any city, state, or country. They provide essential support for running a society on uninterrupted daily basis, in most countries. The service area of a single utility company could vary from several hundred to many thousands square miles, and may serve anywhere from a few thousand to several millions customers. With many distributed facilities remotely located, utility systems become more sophisticated to manage and maintain. Traditionally, there are three major challenges facing the utility industry: large service areas, many distributed customers, and remotely distributed aging facilities. Recent deregulation and increasing market competition also have imposed more sophisticated difficulties. Utilities are seeking new technologies to tackle these challenges, and automated mapping/facilities management integrated with emerging technologies, provides vital solutions. (AM/FM) applications consist of water and wastewater, electricity, cable television, telephone, gas, telecommunication. The scope of this article is to find the best solution for managing the public utilities networks, and performing monitoring and maintenance process by combine automated maps which are useful for organizing data in layers overlay with facility management systems, which is responsible for the public utilities network management, reporting, maintenance. The combination of two systems called automated mapping/facilities management which will achieve a better improve, work-order, management, better integrating, and inventory control.

Turnover intentions can be reduced if the employees feel the organization have met their needs, through improving of psychological well-being. Employees' psychological well-being must be fulfilled, to get their best performance. This study aims to find out the relations between psychological well-being (i.e. autonomy, environmental mastery, positive relations with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance and personal growth) and turnover intention of hotel employees. The subjects were 212 hotel employees in Medan, Indonesia. Data were collected using turnover intention scale and psychological well-being scale. The result showed negative correlations between psychological well-being and turnover intentions towards hotel employees. To find out the determinants of turnover intention, a stepwise regression method was used. Based on the stepwise method used, the two predictor variables were found to be of significance in explaining turnover intentions. The two predictor variables were autonomy and positive relations with others. The result of this study will contribute to the guide lines for the policy makers for implementation of better human resource policy and provide evidence in favor of managerial interventions aimed at enhancing employee well-being and, consequently, minimizing the negative effects of an actual turnover in Hotel employee. Implication of this study could help management understand how to reduce the turnover intentions based on the employee and organization needs.

This article is a comparative study of metallurgical characteristics of the different aluminium alloys gotten through recycling of recovered aluminium in Cameroon. A simple experimental device for the foundry of secondary aluminium blend, of very good quality built around a movable charcoal furnace is presented. It enables better energy efficiency, a better distribution of the heat around the crucible and indirectly assures good quality of the products obtained, while respecting the economic constraints and users' safety. Six refining methods are proposed by the addition of polyvinyl chloride (method A), coke rich in carbon CH_S (method C), ammonium chloride NH₄Cl (method E), manganese dioxide MnO (method T), acrylic nitrite (C₂H₃Cl)_n (method P) and sodium chloride NaCl (method S). A critical analysis of the different recycling techniques is presented as well as a proposed process of melting and refining that enables the obtaining products with high degrees of purity. The results are then compared to the results obtained from the industrial methods of aluminium refining such as fractional crystallization (FC), granular filtration (GF) and dissolution in a metal solvent (DS). The later (DS) gives the rate of 6.540% of accumulated alloy elements and enables the best purification (93.460%), while the NaCl gives the lowest global rate of additive elements (9.478%), with the best purity index (90.522%) amount the proposed methods. Results obtained show that this method of refining improves the metallurgical properties of secondary aluminium alloy blends and guarantees better safety, as well as reducing the risks of environmental pollution.

An ultra-wideband slotted microstrip patch antenna has been proposed in this paper for uplink and downlink satellite applications in c band of IEEE 802.11 standards. Various slots have been introduced in the patch to achieve wider bandwidth. Presented work provides a comparative result of the microstrip patch antenna with and without the slots. Fractional bandwidth of the basic antenna is 9% which is increased to 46% after introduction of the slots in the proposed patch antenna.

In solar photovoltaic stand - alone system the basic device is the PV module which is used to charge the storage device during daytime and supplies power to the load during dusk to dawn. This paper presents knowledge based system for evaluating power generation system in PV model. The performance of a PV system depends on the environmental factors such as irradiation and cell temperature. It is a non-linear characteristic and this characteristic is varied in different PV technologies. To solve this problem, an intelligent technique called the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can be talented solution for obtaining the maximum output power in real-time operation. Initially this work focuses on the simulation of characteristics of the panel power output of PV module at different level of radiation. Thus panel power output is evaluated different level of radiation and the simulated characteristics are figure with the 3D nomogram analysis. The database device using microcontroller is designed as per the simulation studies and it is attached in the solar panel to monitor the real time value of PV standalone system. The above mentioned simulated comparison is validated with results of local climatic data and its accuracy of the proposed methods has been measured with the error estimation method. Thus the proposed method will be very useful for determining the real-time optimum operating condition of PV system with estimated maximum power generation.

In Order to avoid mal operation of differential relay in transformer it is essential to distinguish between inrush and fault conditions. For accurate discrimination between inrush and fault current SVM technique is proposed. The merit of this method is demonstrated by simulation of different faults and switching conditions using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The inrush current values are obtained by varying the switching angle and the fault currents are obtained by varying the fault resistance. The Proposed method is tested on a 3000MVA, 230 kV Y-Y connected transformer by varying fault resistance, and switching angle. The performance of SVM is compared in terms of classification accuracy. The accuracy obtained using SVM is found to be more than other methods such as neural networks, ANFIS, etc. The results obtained with SVM are far better than other methods earlier used. SVM is preferred here over other methods because it is based on structural risk minimization whereas neural networks and ANFIS are empirical based. Moreover this method seems to be very effective for modern transformers with high harmonic contents and it requires less training. A SVM based protective field programmable gate array relay logic can be implemented further in future which will be verified against the simulation results.

Application of Random Indexing (RI) to extractive text summarization has already been proposed in literature. RI is an approximating technique to deal with high-dimensionality problem of Word Space Models (WSMs). However, the distinguishing feature of RI from other WSMs (e.g. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)) is the near-orthogonality of the word vectors (index vectors). The near-orthogonality property of the index vectors helps in reducing the dimension of the underlying Word Space. The present work focuses on studying in detail the near-orthogonality property of random index vectors, and its effect on extractive text summarization. A probabilistic definition of near-orthogonality of RI-based Word Space is presented, and a thorough discussion on the subject is conducted in this paper. Our experiments on DUC 2002 data show that while quality of summaries produced by RI with Euclidean distance measure is almost invariant to near-orthogonality of the underlying Word Space; the quality of summaries produced by RI with cosine dissimilarity measure is strongly affected by near-orthogonality. Also, it is found that RI with Euclidean distance measure performs much better than many LSA-based summarization techniques. This improved performance of RI-based summarizer over LSA-based summarizer is significant because RI is computationally inexpensive as compared to LSA which uses Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) - a computationally complex algebraic technique for dimension reduction of the underlying Word Space.

A novel multiband Triangular

This study aims to identify the optimal time of planting upland rice in the Center-west of C

In the present work, an equation has been developed to calculate the side length of the equilateral triangular patch for given resonant frequency. With the previously existing equation poor accuracy has been achieved for the performance parameters of the triangular microstrip patch antenna. Modified formula enhances the accuracy of the performance parameters of the triangular microstrip patch antenna. Proposed formulae provide a nonlinear relationship between the resonating frequency and the dimensions of the equilateral triangular patch antenna i.e. the required performance parameters and the design parameters used in the simulation and fabrication process. With the help of calculated dimension, performance of triangular patch antenna has been analyzed for particular resonating frequency. Simulated results of proposed equation have been compared with the existing equation, and better accuracy in the results has been achieved with the improved formula. Proposed equation has been verified by simulating and fabricating various antennas, and measured results are found satisfactory.

The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of BEAC's financing on wealth creation in the Cameroon economy. BEAC is a central bank of the six States of the Central Africa. They are Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Chad, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. The recovery of the Cameroon economy after the economic crisis of years 1980 and 1990 led to question the role played by BEAC central bank in that attainment. The data used in the study were secondary and were collected from Franc currency zone annual reports of 'Banque de France' on Cameroon from the year 1990 to 2011. OLS regression equations, means and variances were used to explain this impact. The descriptive results revealed large variations of standard deviation values from the means. The OLS results in return showed that BEAC's financings affect negatively wealth creation in the Cameroon economy. In other words, wealth creation is significantly negatively affected by BEAC's financings to the banking system for the physical and financial wealth, while negatively affected by BEAC's financings to the government for the financial and human wealth. In order for BEAC to increase the wealth creation in Cameroon economy, it must provide productive loans directly to economic agents through their unions and long-term loans to commercial banks to finance the economy and boost consumption.

Faced with the growing needs of resource materials and the requirements of environmental protection in a vision of sustainable development, it became necessary to study all the possibilities of reuse and recycling of industrial wastes and by-product especially in the field of civil engineering. There is an increasing interest in limestone fines from limestone quarries in concrete construction to overcome inherent deficiencies in river sand in particular regions of North Africa. Limestone sand is a by-product of the quarry process and typically does not have a significant demand due to its high content of small particles whose diameters are less than 80 ?m. This work is part of the promotion of local products such as waste from the quarry crushing (limestone sand) in the region of Laghouat (Algeria) and waste from the manufacture of agglomerated expanded cork, using them in the making of cement materials for construction primarily for thermal insulation. To study the influence of the size of the aggregates on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of concrete, two classes of granular aggregates are used 3 / 8 and 8 / 15. The results obtained showed that the reduction weight of concrete containing crushed sand with expanded cork significantly reduces its thermal conductivity which improves their thermal insulation, but causes a drop in the strength of concrete produced. Lightweight concrete with expanded cork granules 3/8 are the lightest and most isolated, and they have low mechanical strength compared to concrete with lightweight aggregates 8/15.

In this study, we investigate the relationship between the management performance and conservatism according to two conservatism scales, namely the profit time- asymmetry scale and the market to book value ratio. The objective of the current study is to survey the conservative relationship between intangible assets and management performance ratios. To achieve this goal, two hypotheses are being posed. To test the study hypothesis, the data from 108 companies, accepted in the Tehran's stock exchange market between the years from 2005 to 2011, was used by taking advantage of targeted systematic sampling method. The company's management performance is related to two factors, intangible assets and conservatism and in fact intangible assets and conservatism are regarded as two independent variables in the present study which have an influence on the management performance. In the present study, the Basu model has been used to measure the conservativeness from the profit and loss perspective and the book to market value ratio has been taken advantage of as well, which is a balance sheet model. The current study methodology is functional from the objective point of view and it is correlation-descriptive from the type perspective. The results obtained are indicative of the direct and significant relationship between the intangible assets and the conservativeness in the intangible assets with management performance.

A printed rectangular monopole antenna (PRMA) with coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed is designed for wideband dual frequency application. A proposed monopole antenna which has a size of 31.9 x 33 mm², is fabricated to work on a substrate (FR4 lossy) that has the relative permittivity of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm with CPW-fed in the frequency range of 6 - 16 GHz. Simulation results such as impedance bandwidth are presented and discussed. Simulation results have been verified with good agreement. The parameters which affect the performance of the antenna characteristics are investigated in this paper.

This paper presents results of a study conducted to determine and evaluate the petrophysical properties of "SEYI" oil field, Niger delta with a view to understand their effects on the reservoirs hydrocarbon prospect and oil productivity of the field. The evaluated properties include porosity, permeability, fluid saturation, net / gross thickness and mobility which are all inferred from geophysical wire-line logs. A suite of wire-line logs comprising of gamma ray, resistivity, spontaneous potential and density logs for four wells from 'SEYI' oil field were analysed for reservoir characterisation of the field. The analyses carried out involves delineation of lithologies, identification of reservoirs and fluid types, wells correlation and determination of petrophysical parameters of identified reservoirs. Seven reservoirs namely: A, B, C, D, E, F and G were delineated with their tops and bases at depth from 2396m to 3429m. Their analysis indicate the presence of hydrocarbon in all the reservoirs. Computed petrophysical parameters across the reservoirs gave porosity as ranging from 0.22 to 0.31; permeability 881.58md to 14425.01md and average hydrocarbon saturation of 41.44%, 20.29%, 30.82%, 37.92%, 51.20%, 91.97% and 85.11% for reservoir A, B, C, D, E, F and G respectively. These results together with the determined movable hydrocarbon index (MHI) values (0.05 to 0.75) of the reservoir units suggest high hydrocarbon potential and a reservoir system whose performance is considered satisfactory for hydrocarbon production.

Aggregate plays an important role in developing infrastructure because it is the major raw materials used in construction such as roads, hospitals, schools, factories, homes and other buildings. Sand and gravel are essential sources of aggregate and exploited often from the active channels of river systems. Jeneberang River is one of the main rivers in South Sulawesi Province which is located at Gowa Regency and mined in order to fulfill the aggregate demand of Gowa Regency and Makassar City. Supply and demand are economic occurrences that affected by several factors, so this research aims to (1) determine influencing factors to aggregate supply and demand, (2) develop supply and demand model. Data was obtained from Central Bureau Statistics of Gowa Regency and Makassar City, and Department of Mines and Energy, Gowa Regency for eleven years (2001

Current researchers of search engines focus more on semantic based information retrieval as syntax based retrieval yield less precision. Retrieving relevant information from diverse heterogeneous web resources remains as a challenge. Distance based measures play a major role in the information retrieval systems. This work focuses on retrieving relevant concepts using geospatial datasources to aid geospatial applications in predicting floods, locating underground pipes and cables and testing the quality of water. Geospatial data characterizes geographical features of the real world using spatial extent and location. This paper proposes HDSM algorithm for geospatial information retrieval which adapts the existing distance based measures viz., Manhattan distance, Euclidean distance, Vector cosine and bray Curtis for the geospatial domain to identify related concepts to the geo-spatial query concept. All these four proposed hybrid distance based measures combine the advantages of geometric and network semantic similarity models. The meaning of the geospatial concepts are captured from the expressive knowledge of the geospatial concept properties and geospatial relations. These proposed four Hybrid distance based measures have been tested using Ordnance Survey Master Map data source and ordnance survey ontology for varying semantic similarity thresholds. The experimental results are reported in this paper. The Hybrid Manhattan distance based measure has yielded the precision of 95%.

In most of the wireless applications, e.g. military networks, vehicular ad-hoc networks, wild life tracking and sensor network, it is impossible to sustain a complete end-to-end data transmission path from source to destination. Thus, the traditional routing strategies (TCP/IP) cannot work with such environments as they need to establish the uninterrupted path before transmission. The disruption-tolerant network (DTNs) has emerged as technology that enables the communication in highly disrupted environments by intermittently connected mobile nodes. The DTN transmission model follows a store carry and forward mechanism wherein the nodes stores the incoming message , carries it while moving and forward when comes in the transmission range of other contacts. The DTN protocol can be divided as single copy and multi copy. In single copy protocol the node is allowed to generate the unique copy of message and forward it on a unique path. The multi copy protocols generate and transmit the multiple copies of each message and forward it along various paths.
In DTN environment, the communication opportunity exists for short duration and a node cannot transmit all copies of its carried message from its forwarding queue. Hence the order at which the messages are forwarded becomes very important. In this paper, we have proposed a message forwarding order for multi copy Spary&wait routing protocol called as smallest message first. Through simulations, we proved that proposed policy out perform as compared to existing FIFO in context of delivery probability, overhead, latency average and buffer time average.

In the recent years, many studies have showed that weak institutions and the extent of economic crimes in developing countries are one of the deep causes of their poor economic performances. Debt crises which are among other consequences of a low of public levies are accentuated in developing countries, in particular with the development of what is generally known as shadow economy. This research aims to study the potential link existing between economic crimes and the financing of development in developing countries. The economic crimes sector, which is an essential component of the underground economy has a negative effect on the tax mobilization, by cons, the quality of governance is a positive factor in favor of state budgets. This sector is an important fiscal centre which unfortunately for both social and political reasons, sometimes bears fiscal charges beyond its real contributory capacities. This study aims in particularly to investigate the impact of economic crimes on Financing for Development in approximately one hundred developing countries through the channel of public resource mobilization. The main results of empirical analyses using data covering the period 1996-2012 confirm that, it is better for developing countries to fight against economic crimes playing on improving the quality of institutional governance to ensure economic growth sustainability.

This paper proposes an efficient image interpolation algorithm using optimal edge detector. The proposed interpolation algorithm is done in two steps. In the first step, the missing pixels with diagonal neighbors are interpolated and in the second step, the missing pixels with axial neighbors are interpolated. In both the steps classification of edge and smooth pixels is performed using canny edge detector. For the pixels classified as edge pixels, the direction of the edge is found using various structuring elements. The edge pixels are then interpolated along the directional orientation of the edges. The smooth pixels are interpolated using proportionate variation based interpolation technique in which more weights are assigned for the direction with minimum variation. The proposed interpolation algorithm is applied in the NTSC color space for color images. Conventional image interpolation algorithms like nearest neighbor and bi-cubic interpolation algorithms produces artifacts like edge blurring, zig- zag effects etc. The proposed interpolation algorithm produces super resolution images with improved image quality and less distortion. Experimental results show that in addition to the significant increase in visual effects, this algorithm also manifests improvements in quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis is done using metrics like PSNR and correlation coefficient. From this analysis it is evident that the proposed algorithm performs better than conventional interpolation algorithms.

This paper is grounded on the truism that the planet's future is urban. However, urban growth process is bringing rapid economic, social and physical changes. These changes are bringing rapid transformations in areas concerned, especially on land uses in rural-urban fringes. While this is happening, the pressures and drivers are not well documented and understood, particularly so for rural-urban fringes in developing countries such as Kenya.
This paper is based on a qualitative research approach and used Nairobi rural-urban fringe as a case study in its attempt to document and analyse pressures and drivers of land use changes. The paper concludes that land use changes are contingent upon many pressures and drivers, primary of which is population increase through natural growth and immigration. The process that produces population growth is however a subset of the structuration processes that produces land use changes in the rural-urban fringe.
In suggesting ways of reconciling the likely to emerge multiple perspectives and differences in managing rural-urban fringes, the paper observes that there are always sufficient points of intersection to support dialogue and collaboration. However, this requires a strategy that looks for intersections among different positioning and rationalities and enters into a dialogue at such situated moments is needed. This entails going beyond scientific or technical forms of knowledge to involve emotional sensitivity and judgment, practical wisdom, ethics and deliberation that touches on values with reference to praxis.

In recent years, the aspect of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is becoming an interesting research area; VANET is a mobile ad hoc network considered as a special case of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). Similar to MANET, VANET is characterized as autonomous and self-configured wireless network. However, VANET has very dynamic topology, large and variable network size, and constrained mobility; these characteristics led to the need for efficient routing and resource saving VANET protocols, to fit with different VANET environments. These differences render traditional MANET's protocols unsuitable for VANET. The aim of this work is to give a survey of the VANETs routing mechanisms, this paper gives an overview of Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and the existing VANET routing protocols; mainly it focused on vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication and protocols. The paper also represents the general outlines and goals of VANETs, investigates different routing schemes that have been developed for VANETs, as well as providing classifications of VANET routing protocols (focusing on two classification forms), and gives summarized comparisons between different classes in the context of their methodologies used, strengths, and limitations of each class scheme compared to other classes. Finally, it extracts the current trends and the challenges for efficient routing mechanisms in VANETs.

In the present study, we deal with the survey of the relationship between the management forecasted profits and disclosure quality with the market surprise in Tehran's securities market. Since managers, analysts and investors pay a greater attention to the companies' reported profit in a way that they use it to evaluate the company's performance and also because the decision-making for purchasing, maintain, or the sale of the stock shares is of a great importance for the investors, and from among other evidences and information, the capability to forecast the stock return rate has a greater influence on such decision-making, the aim of the present study is the survey of the relationship between the management forecasted profits and the disclosure quality with market surprise in the companies accepted in Tehran's Securities Exchange.
To reach the aforementioned objective three hypotheses are being proposed in which it has been dealt with the profit forecast accuracy, getting surprised with the management announced profit and systematic risk with stock price response. To test the study hypotheses, the data from 116 companies accepted in Tehran's Securities Exchange was selected based on the goal-oriented systematic sampling method and the data from the time span from 2001 to 2011 was used to statistically test the hypotheses in the form of multiple-regression and the data panel was used in two softwares, namely SPSS17 and Eviews7.
The obtained results are suggestive of a significant and reverse relationship between the profit forecast accuracy and the stock price response and there is a direct relationship between getting surprised from the management announced profit and the systematic risk with stock price response.

In the time of overloaded online information, automatic text summarization is especially demanded for salient information retrieval from huge amount electronic text. For the blessing of World Wide Web, the mass of data is now enormous in its volume. Researchers realized this fact from various aspects and tried to generate an automatic abstract of the gigantic body of data from the commencement of the last half century. Numerous ways are there for characterizing different approaches to passage recapitulation: extractive and abstractive from single or compound document, objective of content abridgement, characteristic of text summarization, level of processing from superficial to profound and sort of article's content. A significant pr

In modern construction, ceramic tile and mosaic which are used for finishing and decoration are attached to the surface by using tile adhesives. It was a long way for tiling technology to arrive at the current cement based modified adhesive. The development in additives and modifier are the paramount factor to improve workability, higher flexibility, and better adhesion. In this document tile adhesive has been produced for economical and high performance formulation. These products have been produced by considering the effect of aggregate. These two products with different size of aggregate have been compared and tested. The test made was slip, bending, and compression test. Economical formulation consists of components like cement, quartz sand, cellulose ether and tartaric acid. But high performance consists of limestone and cellulose fiber in addition to these components. The modifier added has enhanced the final product resistance to sliding, bending and compression strength. In terms of compression strength test about 17.27% high performance is stronger than economical formulation. And in addition high performance is stronger than economical formulation by about 16.89% in terms of bending strength. The other thing is the effect of grain size, the component that has low grain size have shown great strength and resistant to slide.

The performance of power systems decreases with the size, the loading and the complexity of the networks. This is related to problems with load flow, power oscillations and voltage quality. Such problems are even deepened by the changing situations resulting from deregulation of the electrical power markets, where contractual power flows do no more follow the initial design criteria of the existing network configuration. Additional problems can arise in case of large system interconnections, especially when the connecting AC links are weak. FACTS devices, however, provide the necessary features to avoid technical problems in the power systems and they increase the transmission efficiency. This paper presents a study on the design of a shunt connected FACTS device (STATCOM) and investigates the application of this device to control voltage dynamics and to damp out the oscillation in electric power system. STATCOM is one of the key shunt controllers in flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) to control the transmission line voltage and can be used to enhance the load ability of transmission line and extend the voltage stability margin. In this paper, the proposed shunt controller based on the voltage source converter topology as it is conventionally realized by VSC that can generate controllable current directly at its output terminal. The performance and behavior of this shunt controller is tested in 3-machine 9-bus system as well as the performance is compared in the test system with and without STATCOM at three cases in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results prove that the modeled shunt controller is capable to improve the Power quality significantly.