[ L’association sorgho/niébé au poquet, une pratique traditionnelle en zone soudano-sahélienne à faible rendement: Etat des lieux et pistes d’amélioration ]
Volume 31, Issue 4, January 2021, Pages 836–848
Aminata Ganeme1, Jean-Marie Douzet2, Salifou Traore3, Julie Dusserre4, Roger Kabore5, Hyacinthe Tirogo6, Omar Nabaloum7, Nestor Wend-Zoodo Simplice Ouedraogo8, and Myriam Adam9
1 Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR, SVT), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 09 BP 848, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
2 UPR AIDA, Centre de Coopération Internationale pour la Recherche Agronomique et le Développement (CIRAD), BP596, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
3 Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR, SVT), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 09 BP 848, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
4 UPR AIDA, Centre de Coopération Internationale pour la Recherche Agronomique et le Développement (CIRAD), BP596, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
5 Association Minim Song-Panga (AMSP), BP 268, Kaya, Burkina Faso
6 Association Minim Song-Panga (AMSP), BP 268, Kaya, Burkina Faso
7 Association Minim Song-Panga (AMSP), BP 268, Kaya, Burkina Faso
8 Association Minim Song-Panga (AMSP), BP 268, Kaya, Burkina Faso
9 CIRAD, AGAP, Univ Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex5, France
Original language: French
Copyright © 2021 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cereal-legume intercropping is a common practice for sustainable agricultural intensification. However, crop yields in intercropping systems remain low in Sahelian and sudano-sahelian regions of Burkina Faso. This study aimed at characterizing the most common intercropping systems of the region, identifying the most limiting factors and do improvement suggestions. Focus group discussions, surveys on 170 households and monitoring of 80 farmer plots were carried out in three municipalities in the Centre-north region of Burkina Faso. The traditional intercropping by sowing cowpea and sorghum in the same seed hole was the most dominant system (98%). Local crop varieties were the most used (92% for sorghum and 67% for cowpea) in this system. Sorghum and cowpea productivities were highly variable and low with an average grain yield of 416 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha, respectively. Multivariate analyses permitted to identify household, soils, and crop management systems typologies. Important discriminating variables were also identified. Among these factors, sorghum yields were influenced by the number of persons in the household (p=0.001), number of traditional plowing tools owned (p=0.002), type of off-farm activities (p=0.005), soil silt content (p=0.0008) and soil types (p=0.01). While cowpea yields were more influenced by the number of small ruminants (p=0.03), number of traditional plowing tools owned (p=0.008), types of off-farm activities (p=0.01), soil total nitrogen (p=0.001) and organic matter contents (p=0.004). Management systems proved to have less impact on sorghum and cowpea yields, improvement of system's performance could be achieved by diversifying the varieties used.
Author Keywords: cereals and legumes intercropping, management practices, soil, family farms, yield, Burkina Faso.
Volume 31, Issue 4, January 2021, Pages 836–848
Aminata Ganeme1, Jean-Marie Douzet2, Salifou Traore3, Julie Dusserre4, Roger Kabore5, Hyacinthe Tirogo6, Omar Nabaloum7, Nestor Wend-Zoodo Simplice Ouedraogo8, and Myriam Adam9
1 Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR, SVT), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 09 BP 848, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
2 UPR AIDA, Centre de Coopération Internationale pour la Recherche Agronomique et le Développement (CIRAD), BP596, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
3 Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR, SVT), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 09 BP 848, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
4 UPR AIDA, Centre de Coopération Internationale pour la Recherche Agronomique et le Développement (CIRAD), BP596, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
5 Association Minim Song-Panga (AMSP), BP 268, Kaya, Burkina Faso
6 Association Minim Song-Panga (AMSP), BP 268, Kaya, Burkina Faso
7 Association Minim Song-Panga (AMSP), BP 268, Kaya, Burkina Faso
8 Association Minim Song-Panga (AMSP), BP 268, Kaya, Burkina Faso
9 CIRAD, AGAP, Univ Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex5, France
Original language: French
Copyright © 2021 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Cereal-legume intercropping is a common practice for sustainable agricultural intensification. However, crop yields in intercropping systems remain low in Sahelian and sudano-sahelian regions of Burkina Faso. This study aimed at characterizing the most common intercropping systems of the region, identifying the most limiting factors and do improvement suggestions. Focus group discussions, surveys on 170 households and monitoring of 80 farmer plots were carried out in three municipalities in the Centre-north region of Burkina Faso. The traditional intercropping by sowing cowpea and sorghum in the same seed hole was the most dominant system (98%). Local crop varieties were the most used (92% for sorghum and 67% for cowpea) in this system. Sorghum and cowpea productivities were highly variable and low with an average grain yield of 416 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha, respectively. Multivariate analyses permitted to identify household, soils, and crop management systems typologies. Important discriminating variables were also identified. Among these factors, sorghum yields were influenced by the number of persons in the household (p=0.001), number of traditional plowing tools owned (p=0.002), type of off-farm activities (p=0.005), soil silt content (p=0.0008) and soil types (p=0.01). While cowpea yields were more influenced by the number of small ruminants (p=0.03), number of traditional plowing tools owned (p=0.008), types of off-farm activities (p=0.01), soil total nitrogen (p=0.001) and organic matter contents (p=0.004). Management systems proved to have less impact on sorghum and cowpea yields, improvement of system's performance could be achieved by diversifying the varieties used.
Author Keywords: cereals and legumes intercropping, management practices, soil, family farms, yield, Burkina Faso.
Abstract: (french)
Les associations de cultures céréales-légumineuses s’inscrivent dans une logique d’intensification durable. Cependant, dans les zones sahéliennes et soudano-sahéliennes du Burkina Faso, les rendements en association sont généralement faibles. Notre étude a pour objectifs de caractériser la pratique d’association culturale la plus pratiquée par les producteurs, identifier les facteurs déterminant des rendements et proposer des pistes d’amélioration. Des focus groupes, des enquêtes individuelles auprès de 170 producteurs et un suivi de 80 parcelles paysannes ont été réalisés dans trois communes en zone soudano-sahélienne. Il ressort que l’association traditionnelle du sorgho et du niébé au poquet est dominante à 98%. Elle se pratique essentiellement avec des variétés locales (92% pour le sorgho et 67% pour le niébé). Les rendements sont très variables et faibles avec en moyenne 416 kg/ha de sorgho et 240 kg/ha de niébé. Les analyses multivariées ont permis d’établir des typologies d’exploitations familiales, de types de sol et d’itinéraires techniques culturaux. Des variables significatives de différenciation des rendements ont été identifiées. Le nombre de personnes à charge (p=0,001), de daba/houes (p=0,002), l’activité secondaire (p=0,005), le taux de limon du sol (p=0,0008) et les types de sols (p=0,01) sont celles qui ont influencé les rendements en sorgho. Tandis que les rendements de niébé ont été significativement influencés par le nombre de petits ruminants (p=0,03), de daba/houes (p=0,008), l’activité secondaire (p=0,01), l’azote total (p=0,001) et la matière organique du sol (p=0,004). Les pratiques culturales s’étant avérés moins impactant sur les rendements du sorgho et du niébé, l’amélioration des performances du système pourrait passer par une diversification des variétés utilisées.
Author Keywords: association céréales-légumineuses, pratiques culturales, sols, exploitations familiales, productivité, Burkina Faso.
How to Cite this Article
Aminata Ganeme, Jean-Marie Douzet, Salifou Traore, Julie Dusserre, Roger Kabore, Hyacinthe Tirogo, Omar Nabaloum, Nestor Wend-Zoodo Simplice Ouedraogo, and Myriam Adam, “Sorghum and cowpea intercropping, a traditional practice in sudano-sahelian zone with low crop yields: What farmers are doing and potential improvements,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 836–848, January 2021.
