[ Etudes des facteurs influant la dynamique du paysage dans le département de Ouallam (Niger) ]
Volume 37, Issue 4, October 2022, Pages 735–751
Ousseini Moussa Abdou1, Nomaou Dan Lamso2, Iro Dan Guimbo3, Salifou Saidou4, and Hamza Gama Dadi5
1 Ecole doctorale des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terres, Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, B.P. 10960 Niamey, Niger
2 Département de Sciences du Sol, Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, B.P. 10960 Niamey, Niger
3 Département de Génie Rural et Eaux & Forêts, Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, B.P. 10960 Niamey, Niger
4 Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université Djibo Hamani de Tahoua, B.P. 255 Tahoua, Niger
5 Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, B.P. 10960 Niamey, Niger
Original language: French
Copyright © 2022 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In Niger in general and particularly in the department of Ouallam located in the Northern part of the area of Tillabéri, the natural resources undergo since decades a thinning down without precedent under the influence of several factors. The aim had by this work is to characterize the factors responsible for this environmental pollution on a local scale. To this end, an investigation of perception coupled to observations into the ground was carried out into the aspects relating to the causes of the degradation of the grounds. The analysis of the causes of landscape degradation was categorized in climatic, physical and anthropic factors. The results raise that with a standardized index of pluviometry (ISP) varying from -2,54 to 2,24, precipitations constitute the principal climatic factor influencing environmental dynamics. In the physical plan, the units of the relief evolve in basins slopes where the degradation of the plates is reflected on the other components. The factors anthropic causing the dynamics of the local ecosystems are: extension and the overexploitation of the grounds, cut of wood, the clearing, overgrazing, exploitation of the fodder and the residues of the cultures. The surveyed people affirmed the regression of the vegetation and the progression of the naked grounds, respectively to 94,91 % and 38,43 % of the guarantors. According to the population, the progressive degradation of the environment is caused mainly by the anthropic exploitation and bad pluviometry, respectively 93,38 % and 66,91 % of the appreciations made by the guarantors.
Author Keywords: Analyze, Causes, Changements, Ecosystèmes, Niger west.
Volume 37, Issue 4, October 2022, Pages 735–751
Ousseini Moussa Abdou1, Nomaou Dan Lamso2, Iro Dan Guimbo3, Salifou Saidou4, and Hamza Gama Dadi5
1 Ecole doctorale des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terres, Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, B.P. 10960 Niamey, Niger
2 Département de Sciences du Sol, Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, B.P. 10960 Niamey, Niger
3 Département de Génie Rural et Eaux & Forêts, Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, B.P. 10960 Niamey, Niger
4 Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université Djibo Hamani de Tahoua, B.P. 255 Tahoua, Niger
5 Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, B.P. 10960 Niamey, Niger
Original language: French
Copyright © 2022 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
In Niger in general and particularly in the department of Ouallam located in the Northern part of the area of Tillabéri, the natural resources undergo since decades a thinning down without precedent under the influence of several factors. The aim had by this work is to characterize the factors responsible for this environmental pollution on a local scale. To this end, an investigation of perception coupled to observations into the ground was carried out into the aspects relating to the causes of the degradation of the grounds. The analysis of the causes of landscape degradation was categorized in climatic, physical and anthropic factors. The results raise that with a standardized index of pluviometry (ISP) varying from -2,54 to 2,24, precipitations constitute the principal climatic factor influencing environmental dynamics. In the physical plan, the units of the relief evolve in basins slopes where the degradation of the plates is reflected on the other components. The factors anthropic causing the dynamics of the local ecosystems are: extension and the overexploitation of the grounds, cut of wood, the clearing, overgrazing, exploitation of the fodder and the residues of the cultures. The surveyed people affirmed the regression of the vegetation and the progression of the naked grounds, respectively to 94,91 % and 38,43 % of the guarantors. According to the population, the progressive degradation of the environment is caused mainly by the anthropic exploitation and bad pluviometry, respectively 93,38 % and 66,91 % of the appreciations made by the guarantors.
Author Keywords: Analyze, Causes, Changements, Ecosystèmes, Niger west.
Abstract: (french)
Au Niger en général et particulièrement dans le département de Ouallam situé dans la partie Nord de la région de Tillabéri, les ressources naturelles subissent depuis des décennies un amenuisement sans précédent sous l’influence de plusieurs facteurs. Le présent travail est entrepris afin de caractériser les facteurs responsables de la dynamique de l’environnement à l’échelle locale. A cet effet, une enquête de perception couplée à des observations de terrain a été réalisée sur les causes de la dégradation des terres. L’analyse de ces dernières a été ainsi catégorisée en facteurs climatiques, physiques et anthropiques. Les résultats obtenus relèvent qu’avec un indice standardisé de la pluviométrie (ISP) variant de -2,54 à 2,24, les précipitations constituent le principal facteur climatique influençant la dynamique environnementale. Au plan physique, les unités du relief évoluent dans des bassins versants où la dégradation des plateaux se répercute sur les autres composantes. Les facteurs anthropiques occasionnant la dynamique des écosystèmes locaux sont l’extension et la surexploitation des terres, la coupe du bois, le défrichement, le surpâturage, l’utilisation des résidus des cultures à des fins domestiques. Les personnes enquêtées ont affirmé la régression de la végétation et la progression des sols nus, respectivement à 94,91 et 38,43 %. Selon toujours les enquêtés, la dégradation progressive de l’environnement est causée principalement par l’action anthropique et la mauvaise pluviométrie, respectivement pour 93,38 et 66,91 %.
Author Keywords: Analyse, Causes, Changements, Ecosystèmes, Ouest Niger.
How to Cite this Article
Ousseini Moussa Abdou, Nomaou Dan Lamso, Iro Dan Guimbo, Salifou Saidou, and Hamza Gama Dadi, “Studies of the factors influencing the dynamics of the landscape in the department of Ouallam (Niger),” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 735–751, October 2022.
