Volume 6, Issue 4, July 2014, Pages 758–767
Reham A. El-Shafei1, Abdelfattah H. Eladl2, Hamed R. Hamed3, and Waleed E. Abou El-Amaiem4
1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
2 Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
3 Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura branch, Egypt
4 Director of Epidemiology Department, Aga District Veterinary Authority, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
Original language: English
Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In the present study the anticryptosporidial efficacy in chickens of two commercially available antibiotics, norfloxacin and spiramycin, in the drinking water alone or in combinations with one commercially available anticoccidial (clopidol) treatment in ration were used. At day 6 of chicken life, 210, male, white Hy-Line chicks were divided into 7 groups (1-7), 30 in each group. Chickens of first group (G1) served as negative control uninfected-untreated group (UUC). Birds of the second group (G2) were inoculated orally with inoculum containing 5X105 Cryptosporidia baileyi (C. baileyi) oocysts/chick and served as infected-untreated positive control group (IUC). All birds of groups 3 to 7 infected with 5X105 C. baileyi oocysts/ chick and treated with 12mg/kg BW norfloxacin (G3), 1gm/10kg BW spiramycin (G4) from 1st to 5th days post-infection (DPI) and 0.5 gm/kg ration (125ppm) Clopidol (G5) from one day old chick up to one week PI. Last two groups were infected similarly and treated with both of norfloxacin+clopidol (G6) or spiramycin+clopidol (G7) with the same previous dose and course of each treatment. The efficacy of the tested medicaments were evaluated by daily count of cryptosporidia oocysts in the feces of chicks, mortality percentage, body weight gain, the degree of histopathological changes of Bursa of Fabricius and lesions score. The results showed that the mortality rate reached 10% in (spiramycin and/or clopidol) treated groups, 6.7% in norfloxacin treated group and 3.3% in norfloxacin+ clopidol treated group while it reached 13.3% in infected-untreated control group. High bursal lesion score was recorded in infected-untreated group followed by infected treated chicken groups regardless the type of medicated drugs. Total oocyst per gram feces of experimentally infected chicks with C. baileyi was reduced significantly in all infected treated groups regardless the type of used medicaments when compared with other infected-untreated control chicken group. The recommended dose of norfloxacin and norfloxacin + clopidol decreased the oocyst output of birds by 62% and 63%, respectively. While, other groups showed lower efficiency percentages 43% (spiramycin + clopidol), 40 % (spiramycin) and 35 % (clopidol). Also, non significant differences were observed in body weight gain on day 28 of chicken life between uninfected control and infected groups. Finally, none of these drugs alone can be entirely suggested for the chemotherapy of avian cryptosporidiosis. While, in addition to application of good sanitary measures and disinfection, the present study may conclude that the administration of both norfloxacin in drinking water at 1st to 5th DPI and clopidol in ration one week before and after infection may be helpful in prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in chickens.
Author Keywords: Competency, Cryptosporidiosis, chickens, norfloxacin, spiramycin, clopidol.
Reham A. El-Shafei1, Abdelfattah H. Eladl2, Hamed R. Hamed3, and Waleed E. Abou El-Amaiem4
1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
2 Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
3 Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura branch, Egypt
4 Director of Epidemiology Department, Aga District Veterinary Authority, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
Original language: English
Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
In the present study the anticryptosporidial efficacy in chickens of two commercially available antibiotics, norfloxacin and spiramycin, in the drinking water alone or in combinations with one commercially available anticoccidial (clopidol) treatment in ration were used. At day 6 of chicken life, 210, male, white Hy-Line chicks were divided into 7 groups (1-7), 30 in each group. Chickens of first group (G1) served as negative control uninfected-untreated group (UUC). Birds of the second group (G2) were inoculated orally with inoculum containing 5X105 Cryptosporidia baileyi (C. baileyi) oocysts/chick and served as infected-untreated positive control group (IUC). All birds of groups 3 to 7 infected with 5X105 C. baileyi oocysts/ chick and treated with 12mg/kg BW norfloxacin (G3), 1gm/10kg BW spiramycin (G4) from 1st to 5th days post-infection (DPI) and 0.5 gm/kg ration (125ppm) Clopidol (G5) from one day old chick up to one week PI. Last two groups were infected similarly and treated with both of norfloxacin+clopidol (G6) or spiramycin+clopidol (G7) with the same previous dose and course of each treatment. The efficacy of the tested medicaments were evaluated by daily count of cryptosporidia oocysts in the feces of chicks, mortality percentage, body weight gain, the degree of histopathological changes of Bursa of Fabricius and lesions score. The results showed that the mortality rate reached 10% in (spiramycin and/or clopidol) treated groups, 6.7% in norfloxacin treated group and 3.3% in norfloxacin+ clopidol treated group while it reached 13.3% in infected-untreated control group. High bursal lesion score was recorded in infected-untreated group followed by infected treated chicken groups regardless the type of medicated drugs. Total oocyst per gram feces of experimentally infected chicks with C. baileyi was reduced significantly in all infected treated groups regardless the type of used medicaments when compared with other infected-untreated control chicken group. The recommended dose of norfloxacin and norfloxacin + clopidol decreased the oocyst output of birds by 62% and 63%, respectively. While, other groups showed lower efficiency percentages 43% (spiramycin + clopidol), 40 % (spiramycin) and 35 % (clopidol). Also, non significant differences were observed in body weight gain on day 28 of chicken life between uninfected control and infected groups. Finally, none of these drugs alone can be entirely suggested for the chemotherapy of avian cryptosporidiosis. While, in addition to application of good sanitary measures and disinfection, the present study may conclude that the administration of both norfloxacin in drinking water at 1st to 5th DPI and clopidol in ration one week before and after infection may be helpful in prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in chickens.
Author Keywords: Competency, Cryptosporidiosis, chickens, norfloxacin, spiramycin, clopidol.
How to Cite this Article
Reham A. El-Shafei, Abdelfattah H. Eladl, Hamed R. Hamed, and Waleed E. Abou El-Amaiem, “Competency of commercially available medicaments on treatment of chicken cryptosporidiosis,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 758–767, July 2014.
