Printing is a popular method for all fabrics and garments. It is referred to as localized dyeing, in which dyes or pigments are applied using different techniques that can provide a particular color effect on the fabric surface according to the design. High-density printing is one of the most essential fabric and garment printing processes which results in a raised or textured surface on the fabric. In this study, we examined the performance of turpentine oil instead of silicon oil in high-density rubber printing on cotton cloth. Based on colorfastness to washing, colorfastness to rubbing, colorfastness to perspiration, colorfastness to saliva, and colorfastness to light, the performance of the printed fabric was assessed. We also evaluated the expense of the printing chemicals and the smell of the printed fabric. Turpentine oil saves around 10% on chemical costs, brings satisfactory results, and smells like kerosene. By curing the printed cloth or exposing it to sunlight for 4-5 days, this odor can be eliminated.

Tinea capitis is a very common fungal infection in children. It is characterized by the appearance of white circular spots on the patient’s head. Piliostigma reticulatum (D.C.) Hochst, Terminalia avicennioids (Guill and Perr), Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst and Securidaca longipedunculata Fres are plants used therapeutically in the treatment of this disease in external application, in the form of a poultice. Chemical screening of aqueous and methanolic extracts of these plants reveals the presence of phenolic and terpenoid compounds but not alkaloids. The antifungal activity of the extracts of these plants, evaluated by the agar medium diffusion method using the fungal strain Candida albicans, showed that the crude extracts of S. longepedunculata and D. mespiliform have low antifungal activity compared to Nystatin. P reticulatum and T avicennioides extracts have average antibiotic activity. The evaluation of the antifungal activity of the fractions of the methanolic extract, obtained by treatment with different solvents including hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, shows that the acetate fraction is more active than that obtained with the dichloromethane. The fractions obtained with hexane are inactive.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) purple blotch caused by Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif. is a disease of world-wide importance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment combinations with fungicides and plant-based pesticides in the control of A. porri, onion growth and bulb production. To do so, the effect of aqueous extracts (5%, 10%, 15%) of Lippia multiflora, Azadirachta indica and the fungicides Mancozeb 80 WP (1g/L) and Azoxystrobin 250 SC (0.2%) on the radial growth of A. porri on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was assessed. Furthermore, the onion variety «Prema» was used in field in a Fisher block design with four replicates. The treatments included the following: (i) the application of foliar sprays with distilled water (control), Mancozeb at 2 kg/ha and Azoxystrobin (1L/ha); (ii) the ground application of plant leaf powder (400 g/m2) at seven days before transplanting, which was then followed by the application of aqueous plant extracts and fungicides as foliar sprays. Sprays were carried out at 60, 80 and 100 days after transplanting. The results show that treatments inhibited the growth of A. porri from 25.35 to 100%. Furthermore, bulb yields in the plots treated with plant powders, ranging from 35 to 43.25 t/ha, exceeded that of the fungicide Mancozeb, which was 28.75 t/ha. From these findings, soil and leaf treatments with plant extracts may be used in the control of onion purple blotch disease. Nevertheless, it is essential to study the effects of plant extracts on soil fauna and microorganisms.

Mineralization at the Torkera gold deposit is located at the contact between volcanic rocks (basalt-andesite) and volcanosedimentary rocks (pyroclastite, blackshale) in the relay zone within the large West Batié Shear Zone (WBZ). Along strike, these formations are not only strongly sheared, but are also affected by intense hydrothermal fluid circulation. The deposit has not yet been characterized in terms of deformation and hydrothermal alteration. The present study aims to constrain the factors controlling the variation in gold content. Direct field measurements show that the mineralized body contained within the shear zone is affected by two phases of deformation. The first is a shear-type deformation known as D1T, marked by S1T schistosities. This first phase of deformation is taken up by a second phase of deformation called D2T. This second phase is marked by S2T fracture or crenulation schistosity. Two hydrothermal alteration phases affect these formations. The first phase of hydrothermal alteration is a carbonate-chlorite-quartz ± pyrite ± iron oxide paragenesis, while the paragenesis of the second phase of alteration is quartz-pyrite-white mica ± carbonate. Gold mineralization is associated with pyrite crystals from the second phase of hydrothermal alteration, whatever the nature of the host rock. The variation in gold content along the ore body is controlled by the intensity of fluid circulation in relation to deformation. The more space freed up by deformation, the more the hydrothermal fluid interacts with the host rock, resulting in a strong silicification and pyritization phase capable of trapping gold.

This study concerns the south-central part of the Iullemmeden intracratonic basin. The main objectives of the study were sedimentological analysis of the various facies and preliminary description of the nodules bearing phosphate mineralization in the Agougaran sector (Kao area, northern Ader Doutchi). The phosphate-bearing rocks are phospharudites. These occur as nodules of variable size and morphology. The phosphate nodules are hidden in the marl limestones or in attapulgite schists of the Barmou Member. Attapulgite schists contain the highest concentrations of nodules bearing phosphate mineralization. In the mineralized levels, nodules are either scattered or organized in layers or beds. The faunal association of the Barmou Member, which encases in the mineralized nodules, is made up of nautiluses, bivalves, sea urchins, gastropods, foraminifera and ostracods. This faunal association testifies to the emplacement of phosphate mineralization-bearing deposits in a confined marine environment.

Informed by the paucity of literature regarding ear and hearing care technology in Cameroon and the growing prevalence of ear and hearing pathologies justified by an increase in the number of clients that show up for ear and hearing care at facility level, the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services (CBCHS) in partnership with Sound World Solutions (SWS) and Christophel Blind Mission (CBM) commissioned this study to conduct a field testing of SWS Hearing Aids with the aim of investigating user satisfaction vis a vis the quality and model of delivery of SWS Hearing Aids (HD75 and HD100) and to measure improvements in the quality of life of persons with hearing impairment using SWS hearing aids. Within 6months, 30 participants selected through a combination of self-reported inquiry and a Pure Tone Audiometry Test (PTA) took part in the study that was nested in the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) departments of the Mbingo Baptist Hospital (MBH). Three tools including the Hearing Aid Satisfaction Survey (HASS), Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA) and the Washington Group set of Questions (WGQ) were used for Data collection at facility level at onset (upon consultation) and three to six months after using the Hearing Aids. The data collected was analyzed using a mixed method design. The findings show reported improvements in quality of life that were drastically adverse at onset of hearing impairment. There was an overall 80% satisfaction with the technical quality of the hearing aids, the accompanying services provided, affordability and ease of use. The Study recommends a review of current protocols related to hearing aid dispensation in the region.

An open fireside is estimated to produce smoke equivalent to that of burning 400 cigarettes per hour. To reduce indoor air pollution from improved cookstoves, manufacturers should demonstrate the reliability of various aspects of their product, including thermal efficiency, cooking power, emissions, safety, and durability. This study investigated the optimal design of a reliability demonstration test (RDT) plan for accepting or rejecting a batch of cookstoves based on a target of no more than 5% failures at the end of the warranty period. The planning parameters for the RDT plan included the number of units to be tested (3, 5, 7), the reliability target of 95%, the confidence level of 95%, the maximum number of allowed failures (0, 1, 2, 3), the statistical power of the reliability test, and the values of the Weibull shape parameter (β_1=2.5; β_2=3.0; and β_3=3.5). The required number of samples and testing time for a successful reliability demonstration were determined using Minitab statistical software. The study results show that larger sample sizes or Weibull shape parameters lead to shorter required test times. The statistical power results for eleven scenarios demonstrate that the probability of passing the demonstration test increases as the improvement ratio or shape parameter increases. When the improvement ratio was 1.5 and the shape parameter was 2.5, the probability of passing the test increased from 34% to 54% for a fixed number of maximum allowable failures. Moreover, if the stove’s actual performance exceeds the standard that the test was designed to measure, the demonstration test’s power for one maximum allowable failure would be equivalent to that for three maximum allowable failures.

Teaching as well as learning English as foreign language has become problematic in Bunia town, which makes it a neglected and less appreciated lesson by pupils in third and fourth forms throughout their course in building section. Therefore, a survey was carried out among these pupils as well as their respective teachers in order to be able to per point the difficulties they face but also the factors leading them there. During this research, it turned out to be some difficulties which hinder the teaching and learning of English; five of which relate to teaching and five others to learning. We then allowed ourselves to come to the conclusion according to which all the difficulties are mainly due to the luck of a professional education relating to the section and qualified personal having followed the course of technical English teaching in building section.

The purpose of this study is to identify and characterize different systems of guinea-pig breeding on farms in the town of Butembo. To achieve this objective, a survey was carried out among 60 breeders throughout the city. Results show that guinea pigs are raised on the floor in the kitchen, on the floor in a specific room and in cages. In many cases, guinea pig rearing is family-based. Carried out in the traditional way, family breeding is characterized by low animal numbers. Feeding is based almost exclusively on herbs and kitchen waste. With no management by the farmer and no external support in terms of training in modern breeding techniques, productivity is low. Factors leading to low productivity include mortality, overcrowding, lack of concentrated feed, disease, predators, and lack of organization. To improve the productivity of guinea pig breeding, it is important to increase knowledge of breeding systems and popularize improved breeding techniques. In addition, guinea-pig breeders should be supported and coached to encourage them to adopt commercial breeding.