In the economic and social crisis that affects the world and in particular the countries of the South, unemployment is considered to be the most disastrous consequence that weighs on young people by plunging them into desperate poverty. Consequently, the sectors of public life, including sport, contribute to providing structural responses. This study identifies operational professions and offers their training.
Innovation is a powerful driver of development and improved well-being, which can be mobilized to meet social and global challenges. According to the OECD’s Oslo Manual, innovation is defined as «the implementation of a new or substantially improved product (good or service) or (production) process, a new marketing method or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations». This study explores the global innovation index and sustainable development indicators through an in-depth descriptive analysis of the impact of sustainable development on innovation in Morocco. After data analysis and processing, the results highlight the key factors influencing the Global Innovation Index (GII). They make it possible to identify the levers of growth and to steer public policies towards more effective strategies adapted to local realities.
Engineers are recognized as key players in the development of innovative projects thanks to their professional experience and their training. However, in some growing countries such as Morocco, involving innovation in engineering education is poorly integrated within engineering training curricula. In this study, we propose an innovation process model proper to the design and realization of innovative projects within engineering schools, particularly in the field of mechanical engineering. Our modeling approach is based on systems engineering. Experiments were conducted in the mechanical engineering department of an engineering school in Morocco to implement the proposed model in student projects. The students were guided to implement the proposed process and deploy innovative methods, then a quantitative assessment that considered their innovativeness and adherence to the innovation process was led. The innovativeness of the projects was assessed based on international patterning criteria, and an assessment system was used to analyze the level of compliance of the demonstration projects with the steps and support means and methods of the model’s process. The findings of the study enabled us to improve our model of the innovation process by including methodologies and instruments personalized to the environment of engineering schools and based on a technological approach that emphasizes interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological contributions. The current study enabled us to confirm that an innovative project carried out within an environment characterized by the interaction and management of a set of material and human resources and methods and engineering skills can help to boost innovation in engineering education.
This article is a study of the chapter « Les Arabes et leur rapport au vin selon les voyageurs occidentaux » by Mohammed Bernoussi, taken from the book Introduction à l’interculturel. It analyzes how wine, prohibited in Muslim culture yet sometimes consumed clandestinely, becomes an ambivalent symbol in Western travel accounts from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Taking an interdisciplinary approachcombining anthropology, semiotics, and history, the study highlights the tensions and contradictions that this product evokes. Through this lens, it sheds light on intercultural dynamics and representations of otherness, showing how wine crystallizes both the intriguing subtleties and the recurring stereotypes that characterize the encounter between the Muslim Orient and the Christian West.
Aims: Seed is the first basic input in agriculture, which is why seed production remains a key sector in a country’s agricultural development. However, germination capacity is extremely important in the context of seed exchange. The aim of this study is to evaluate the seed quality of five cowpea varieties.
Methodology: One hundred (100) seeds of five cowpea varieties (Issa SOSSO, Neerwaya, Makoyin, Teeksongo and Yipoussi) were germinated in three germination tests (field test, Petri dish test and pot test). For this purpose, an Alpha design device with one repetition and five elementary plots for the germination test in open ground; 20 Petri dishes for the germination test in Petri dishes and 25 pots for the germination test in pots, were used to set up the various tests. Parameters such as germination rate, average germination time and seedling vigor were collected.
Results: The results showed that the Issa SOSSO variety performed best in terms of germination rate (100%) in Petri dishes, while the Yipoussi variety performed best in pots (91%) and in the field (94%). In addition, a good germination capacity ranging from 88% to 100% in Petri dishes, from 59% to 91% in pots and from 60% to 94% in the field was observed in this study. However, the results of this work showed that the germination test in Petri dishes is the best method for testing the germinative vigour of seeds.
Conclusion: On the other hand, the best seedling vigor performances were observed in pots and in the field. The good germinative capacity of seeds of the different varieties (>50%) observed could help boost cowpea production in Burkina Faso.
Storage practices determine the quality and added value of peanuts as well as their contribution to household nutrition. The objective of the study was to characterize the types of warehouses and methods of peanut protection. A survey was conducted among 500 stakeholders (240 producers, 160 processors and 100 traders) selected by random sampling. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. The results show that the stakeholders mainly store shelled or unshelled peanuts in polypropylene bags. They adopted as warehouses their residential houses (64.7%); mud stores (11.8%); and stores made of final materials (23.5%). The choice of peanuts to be stored is made on the basis of the criteria of absence of mold and rot (38%), without impurities (37%) and without holes (25%). The average quantity of peanuts stored is 1,049.63 kg; 1,300.7 kg and 98.81 kg respectively for producers, traders, and processors. The majority of respondents store peanuts for a period of three months (80%). Only 37.8% of stakeholders apply any treatment to stored peanuts, primarily using phytosanitary products. The main storage constraints concern pest and parasite attacks (58%) and poor sales (38.6%). These constraints are more acutely felt by producers. Adopting appropriate types of warehouses and understanding protection methods are essential prerequisites for preserving peanut quality before sale or processing in the south-central region of Niger.
This study explores the underlying causes of underachievement in English language learning among students in secondary schools in Kaziba, Democratic Republic of Congo, during the period from January to June 2023. The investigation was prompted by the persistent observation that, despite completing four years of English instruction, many learners graduate without attaining functional communicative competence. To identify the root causes of this phenomenon and suggest remedial strategies, we conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 484 students across nine strategically selected schools. The selection criteria included socioeconomic background, school infrastructure, teacher remuneration, working conditions, and annual diploma performance. Schools were categorized into «large» «medium» and «small» institutions. After excluding 21 incomplete responses, data from 463 students were analyzed. The research addressed three core questions: (1) What factors hinder students from achieving English language proficiency? (2) How do institutional practices influence opportunities for effective English communication? (3) What interventions can enhance English language outcomes in Kaziba secondary schools? Findings indicate that underachievement is primarily attributed to ineffective pedagogical practices, including outdated teaching methodologies and inadequate instructional materials, compounded by learner-related issues such as low motivation and disengagement. The study concludes with recommendations for curriculum reform, enhanced teacher training, and learner-centered approaches to promote meaningful language acquisition and communicative competence.
In the economic and social crisis that affects the world and in particular the countries of the South, unemployment is considered to be the most disastrous consequence that weighs on young people by plunging them into desperate poverty. Consequently, the sectors of public life, including sport, contribute to providing structural responses. This study identifies operational professions and offers their training.
This study, conducted in Akressi, Côte d’Ivoire, assesses the impact of cover crops (Arachis repens and Desmodium adscendens) on soil properties and dessert banana production (Cavendish, Grande-Naine) over two cycles. Ferralitic soils, degraded by intensive monoculture, are examined using a Fischer block design with three treatments: control (bare soil with herbicides), A. repens, and D. adscendens. Soil physical properties (bulk density: 1.90–1.94 g/cm3, porosity: 25.15–27.18%, gravimetric moisture: 17.34–21.58%) remain unchanged (p > 0.05). After 12 months, cover crops enhance chemical properties: pH (5.80 control, 6.03 A. repens, 5.93 D. adscendens), organic carbon (1.11% control, 1.24% A. repens, 1.38% D. adscendens), organic matter (1.90% control, 2.13% A. repens, 2.37% D. adscendens), nitrogen (0.10% control, 0.11% A. repens, 0.12% D. adscendens), CEC (5.38 cmol/kg control, 7.20 cmol/kg A. repens, 8.61 cmol/kg D. adscendens), and calcium (1.56 cmol/kg control, 1.66 cmol/kg A. repens, 1.75 cmol/kg D. adscendens) increase significantly (p < 0.05). In the first cycle, growth (height: 245–247 cm) and yield (41.21–42.08 t/ha) are similar (p > 0.05). In the second cycle, control plants are taller (271.76 cm vs. 255.36 cm A. repens); A. repens delays flowering (158 vs. 135 days) and harvest (235 vs. 214 days D. adscendens) and reduces functional leaves (10.84 vs. 11.66 control at flowering) (p < 0.01). Desmodium adscendens increases hands (7.82 vs. 7.33 A. repens) and fingers (140.57 vs. 127.10 A. repens) (p < 0.05). Yields remain comparable (44.17 control, 44.36 A. repens, 44.50 t/ha D. adscendens). Cover crops, particularly D. adscendens, enhance soil chemical fertility without compromising yield, supporting sustainable banana production.
Cassava is a staple food that plays a very important role for the Ivorian population. In the Central, Central-Western and Western regions of Côte d’Ivoire, where cassava is a staple food, growers cultivate several varieties whose diversity remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to analyze the agromorphological variability of cultivars collected in these growing basins, in order to make better use of this varietal diversity. Agromorphological characterization was carried out on a collection of 70 accessions collected from growers, using ten quantitative variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant phenotypic differences for all the traits studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed this polymorphism at 83.49% for the first three axes. Accessions were structured into 5 groups of morphological variability following Hierarchical Ascending Classification (HAC). These groups are distinguished by plant height, height of first branching, central lobe length, central lobe width, number of lobes, leaf length to width ratio, petiole length, tuberous root weight per plant and total yield. The first three groups have cultivars with yields in excess of 20 t/ha and constitute the best genetic resources for increasing cassava production in these growing basins and in Côte d’Ivoire.
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