The general objective of this article is to analyze the determinants of the adoption of drinking water supply strategies in the rural commune of Saaba. To achieve this, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 284 randomly selected households whose socio-economic characteristics and access to water were noted. The data collected were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS stats 20 software; the data collected were entered into SPSS stats 20 software and then transferred to STATA12 software using STAT transfer software. For econometric processing, we used STATA 1 software. To conduct this study, a survey form was used to collect data from households. The data collected were estimated using the multinomial Logit model. From the analysis of the results, it emerges that 24% of the households surveyed are in favor of the strategy of diversifying supply methods, 23% for the water treatment strategy, 17% for the rationalization of uses, 28% for the extension of the storage period, and finally 9% are in favor of purchasing water from resellers. For the econometric results obtained using the multinomial logit model, it appears that for the strategy relating to water treatment, the level of education, age, household size, distance, housing and household size positively influence the probability of adopting strategies relating to water treatment. With regard to the strategy relating to water saving within the household, it emerges from the estimation results that housing, the quantity of water consumed, the number of children and the collection time positively influence the probability of adopting this strategy. With regard to the strategy relating to Diversification of supply sources, it is noted that the variables relating to collection time, the use of other water sources, income, level of education are among others the variables which positively influence the probability of adopting the said strategy. Finally, the variables level of education, housing, quantity of water consumed and the number of children positively influence the probability of adoption of the strategy concerning the healthy management of water at home.

The present research aims to determine the influence of coconut fibers from coconut palms on the physical and mechanical properties of compressed and cement-stabilized earth blocks. The study focused on the density, capillary absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength of the blocks. The first part of this study is devoted to the determination of the characteristics of the soil and those of coconut fibres. Five fiber contents (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) were used and the soil consists of 70% sand and 30% clay silt. Three cement contents were incorporated (2%; 4% and 8%). Two types of specimens are then manufactured by mixing the fibres with the earth-cement matrix: 14x9.5x29.5 cm3 blocks for compression and 4x4x16 cm3 briquettes for bending. The latter are stored away from the sun until maturity. From his studies, it appears that the density of the blocks decreases with increasing fiber content and the opposite is observed with capillary absorption. Overall, the compressive strength decreases with increasing fiber content and increases with cement content. However, the flexural strength increases with the fiber content but within a certain limit: beyond 0.3% fiber, the strength drops.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important cash crops that generates substantial income for producers in eastern region of Burkina Faso. Although sesame production has increased during this decade, but the yields remained low. The present study aims to improve sesame productivity, through determination of its cropping system in three agro-climatic zones of Burkina Faso. A survey was carried out on a sample of 300 producers in six communes (Bogandé, Mani, Diabo, Tibga, Pama and Kompienga) in eastern zones of Burkina Faso. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information quantitative and qualitative information. Results of the Ascending Hierarchical Classification showed three types of cropping system in the study area. A semi-intensive system (SCS1) with highest yields (358.17 ± 131.7 kg/ha) in the Sahelian and South Sudanian zone, and two extensive systems (SCS2 and SCS3) in the North Sudanian zone and South Sudanese zone. All of these different cropping systems are characterized by the cropping practices especially, the types of seeds used, the sowing method, the weeding method, soil fertility management, the level of education of farmer and sesame yield recorded. The study allowed to establish the typology of sesame-based cropping system in the study area, an important tool for the development of the sesame sector and technology adaptation for improving productivity.

Sludge produced in drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) is discharged into environment every day, even they are rich in phosphorus-reactive elements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the removal of phosphorus using sludge from DWTP of the city of Sinematiali (Côte d’Ivoire). The sludge was packaged in granules and put in contact in beaker with synthetic water et effluent from domestic wastewater treatment plant. The results demonstrated that the sludge was rich in aluminum (307.6 ± 0.6 g/kg) and iron (208.7 ± 1.2 g/kg), two phosphorus removal agents. Phosphorus removal was described mainly by adsorption process, which equilibrium was reached after 4 h of contact time at pH 5. Removal of phosphorus from wastewater was around 70% in synthetic wastewater and 42.5% in real wastewater. Removal rate was enhanced when the sludge dosing increased from 10 to 40 g/l, from 42.5 to 87.5%. The adsorption of phosphorus is described by the Langmuir isotherm with qm = 1.72 mg/g and kinetic removal followed pseudo-order 2 model (k2 = 0.023 g/mg.min). Sludge from DWTP of Sinematiali demonstrated good phosphorus removal potential.

The persistence of insecurity in the east of the DRC invites reflection. Discussions on the causes of this insecurity cannot be done without noting the importance of the economic issues. Entitled «Economic issues and insecurity in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo», this article aims to demonstrate the impact of economic issues on the persistence of insecurity in the East of the DRC. We demonstrate in this article that the persistence of insecurity in the east of the DRC is explained by several causes, in particular the economic issues of Rwanda. This position is shared by many authors, notably Pierre Jacquemot who maintains that «the control of mines and exit circuits was, for Rwanda, a way of continuing the war in another form and of creating a base for accumulation of capital for a country without natural resources and landlocked. Also, numerous international reports, notably that of January 2014, question Rwanda’s support for the M23 and the fraudulent transits of coltan and tin via Kigali. Military campaigns have so far brought mixed results. Therefore, a different approach that focuses on structural reforms is needed. These structural reforms must aim in particular at good governance, the improvement of socio-economic conditions, the revitalization of the judicial system, and the restructuring of the FARDC. It is with these structural reforms that the DRC can hope to have a strong, organized, disciplined army capable of protecting the integrity of the national territory.

The explanatory factors for the transposition of the political-security crises from Libya to the Sahel are endogenous and exogenous. Endogenous factors include the geopolitical configuration predisposed to the transfer of some situations from peoples straddling porous borders; the climate change that characterizes the region; the similarity of political regimes marked by dictatorship, the durability and longevity in power of heads of state, facing a population determined by the need for political alternation, ensure that crises leave one point towards others; the pre-existing secessionist desires in these countries were accentuated following the collapse of the Libyan state coinciding with the independence of South Sudan. Libya’s geopolitical weight previously constituted a point of regional geopolitical balance, the collapse of which took away the beneficiaries of its stability. The underdevelopment which characterizes the collateral victims constituted an endogenous factor because of the poor living conditions which pushed the population to revolt. Corruption and misappropriation of funds cause the State to lose the means enabling it to assume its sovereign missions. The resurgence of terrorist groups and the inability of Sahel states to control the sale and circulation of weapons facilitate the multiplicity of crime in the region. As for exogenous factors, they refer to the ineffectiveness of multinational interventions, external interference through less effective unilateral interventions and Western political control that hamper conflict resolution initiatives in African countries.

The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia among the personnel of the industrial slaughterhouse in the province of Ituri and identify the socio-demographic profile most affected by high levels of uric acid among the personnel of the industrial slaughterhouse in Ituri Province. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling method on blood samples from 50 staff members of the industrial slaughterhouse in the town of Bunia, Ituri province. After analysis, our study results show that 40.0% of the participants have a uric acid level exceeding 7.7mg/dl. Among these participants, 87.5% are aged 62 or older, 42.9% are male, 33.3% are university educated, 35.7% have worked for 0-20 years, and 11-19 years, respectively, and 34.8% come from the Bankoko neighborhood. In summary, a high prevalence of hyperuricemia had been observed among the employees of the industrial slaughterhouse located in Ituri Province, Bunia, reaching up to 40%. Considering these results, we recommend limiting the consumption of red meat, adopting a low-protein diet, and closely monitoring cardiovascular risk factors.

Pineapple, one of the most popular tropical fruits, is consumed in various forms including pasteurized pineapple juice. However, the heat treatment applied during pasteurization has an impact on the microbiological and nutritional qualities of these juices. This study consisted of evaluating the effects of artisanal practices on the microbiological and physicochemical properties of two pasteurized pineapple juice (70, 80 and 90°C for 10, 15 and 20 min). The produced juice had a satisfactory microbiological quality according to KEBS criteria. Physicochemical analyses revealed that the pH was similar for both juices, however the Brix degree of the preheated juice was significantly high (≈ 17.3 ± 0.2) than that of the non-preheated juice (≈ 15.3 ± 0, 2). The vitamin C content significantly decreased in the preheated juice (8.81 ± 0.22 mg/100 ml) than in the unheated one (11.45 ± 0.44 mg/100 ml) at the same time and as the time and temperature increased. Artisanal production practices allowed to obtain pineapple juice with a satisfactory microbiological quality but the nutritional quality was compromised.

Introduction: The validation of methods aims to satisfy normative requirements; it is among the essential measures for the development of the quality approach which makes it possible to provide proof of the quality of pathological anatomy techniques. Objective: Meet normative requirements in terms of validation of techniques, in order to contribute to the progression of the quality approach adopted in our pathological anatomy laboratory. Materials and methods: The expression of PD-L1 was carried out by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody (clone 22C3) on the Dako link 48 platform. Thus, the validation process involves a series of steps: Bibliographic search; description of the method; pre-analytical and analytical risk management; definition of performance criteria to be evaluated and experimental verification. Results: The risk analysis allowed us to highlight points for improvement regarding the pre-analytical and analytical phase. In terms of performance verification The results are very satisfactory. The performances of the manual method compared to the automatic technique are: sensitivity (82%), specificity (100%), Kappa coefficient (0.71), Matthew’s correlation coefficient (0.76). These results demonstrate that there is agreement between the two methods. Conclusion: The performance of our method was in compliance with current standards. Regarding the comparison of methods, the results of the manual method compared to the automated method demonstrated agreement between the two.

The study investigated school facilities, financial factors and student’s interest on enrollment in technical and Vocational Education in Oyo state. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population consists of all the students in some selected technical colleges in Oyo state. Three (3) schools were selected as sample to ensure even representation of the population. The sample population represents 60% of the technical colleges in Oyo state. The findings of the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between school facilities and TVE in the study area (r=. 319, p<0.05), There is a moderate positive relationship between financial factors and enrollment in TVE. (r=.152, p=0.05), there is a moderate positive relationship between student interest and enrollment in TVE. (r=.287, p=0.05). All the independent variables, facilities factor, financial factor and student interest contributes to enrollment in TVE there is a significant joint contribution of facilities, financial factor and student interest to enrollment in T V E. This study recommended that there should be provision of adequate facilities, funds for the effective operation of Technical and Vocational Education.

Located in the west of Côte d’Ivoire in the department of Facobly, the Guezon area was unknown from an ornithological point of view before the present study. This work was carried out from April 2022 to May 2022 in order to contribute to a better knowledge (diversity and abundance) of the avifauna in this area. The methods of fixed listening and/or observation points, capture and recapture with mist nets, Call-playback and time-limited counts on linear transects with five-minute stopping points at each station, were used in the different habitats of the area. In total, this locality contains 12.685 individuals of 161 bird species divided into 47 families of 16 orders. Bycanistes cylindricus, classified as Vulnerable (VU), is the only globally protected species found in the area. In addition, it hosts six restricted-range species and three species (Batis senegalensis, Apalis sharpii and Hylopsar cupreocauda) endemic to West Africa. There are also 18 species from the Guinean-Congolese forest biome (GC) and five species from the Sudano-Guinean savannah biome (SG). The resident species are the most diverse with 83.85% of the overall population in the study area. In terms of preferred habitats, generalist forest species (F) are the best represented with 60.87% (N = 98) of the species richness of this area. Ploceus cucullatus, Spermestes cucullatus, Egretta intermedia and Bubulcus ibis are the most dominant with 471; 340; 327 and 316 individuals respectively.

As in all regions of Niger, the floral resource is subject to various levies by the different communities in the W Park biosphere reserve. To exploit this resource, local populations have developed a body of knowledge and techniques handed down from generation to generation. This knowledge and know-how varies according to the environment, socio-cultural considerations and plant potential of each locality. This study focuses on local people’s knowledge of the flora and techniques for processing harvested products from the Parc du W reserve. These questions are addressed through an inventory of known and used flora resources, the identification of people’s knowledge and know-how in terms of the use of flora resources and harvested products in the Parc du W biosphere reserve, and the processing techniques for harvested products. The results reveal a multiple and multifaceted use of flora in fields as varied as food, traditional pharmacopoeia, cultural practices and domestic use. Gathering appears in the biosphere as a daily practice for these populations and, depending on the context and the type of plant, ensures the survival of the local population.

In the lack of a suitable control strategy, sorrel seeds are heavily damaged by S. niger during the storage. Better post-harvest management will make it possible to add value to this legume and make it available throughout the year. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the various post-harvest practices applied to sorrel seeds, from harvesting to storage, with a view to implementing an effective control strategy against S. niger. A survey was conducted among 600 producers in 12 regions, one hundred (100) sorrel seeds traders and one hundred (100) pesticide sellers in the cities of Ouagadougou, Bobo-Dioulasso, and Pouytenga of Burkina Faso. The results showed that eight percent (8%) of farmers and 56% of traders used chemical insecticides to preserve sorrel seeds. Phostoxin, an organophosphate insecticide, and Protect DP, an insecticide of the pyrethroid family, were respectively used by 87% and 13% of seed traders. Eighty-three percent (83%) of farmers and 76% of traders did not follow the prescribed doses. The incorrect use of insecticides before and after use is a factor in environmental pollution and often results in their ineffectiveness against pests. This information is very useful for developing an integrated protection strategy for sorrel seeds.

For many years, education systems are in a promotion of education pupils with autism spectrum disorder. A conciderable number of this category of pupils are found in primary schools of Yaounde town which is likely to change the perception of many teachers. The objectif of this study is to describes the perception of the disability of primary schools teachers regarding school follow-up of pupils with autism spectrum disorder. For data collection of this study, semi-structured interview were carried out with five teachers who have in their classroom pupils with autism spectrum disorder. To better organise the interview, the thematic analyses of data was used. From the results obtained, it appears that the perception of teachers disability is expressed through attention, listening, individual control, the use adapted teaching matérials, additional hours, patience and the desire to succeed wich shows that, teachers have a positive perception of disability in general and the autism spectrum disorder in particular. This perception of disability by teachers will be an element favoring school follow-up of students with autism spectrum disorder.

The study was conducted in the rural commune of Mokko, in western Niger, an agro-pastoral area. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of anthropogenic and climatic factors on the dynamics of land use change. The dynamics of land cover change were studied through the perception of the population, the analysis of the normalized precipitation index and a diachronic analysis over the period 1990 to 2022 through the use of Landsat TM and TM+ images from the year 1990; 2000 and OLI & TIRS of the Year 2022. The results reveal the progress of the agricultural front, residential areas and bare glacis. This expansive dynamic of anthropogenic areas has been to the detriment of natural formations such as low-woody fallows/pastoral enclaves and low-woody grasses/shrub savannahs. Thus, in the space of 33 years, residential areas have increased by 56.4%; bare glacis by 41.6% and rainfed crops by 15.3% with an annual increase of 1.4% respectively; 1.1% and 0.5%, while low woody fallow/pastoral enclave units decreased by 30.4% and low woody herbaceous/shrub savannah by 20.3% with an annual decline of 1.1% and 0.72% respectively. These changes and succession of land cover units are due to anthropogenic actions combined with climatic variability.

Over the last four decades, cities in the South have seen the remarkable development of a phenomenon that until then had manifested itself with little force: urbanization. This phenomenon has led to profound changes in land use and multiple transformations of spatial structures. The objective of this research is to examine how the inhabitants of Luwowoshi adapt to the living conditions generated by the production of housing, the specific configurations of public space and to understand the evolution of urban morphology. The urban explosion in this district is accelerating and the difficulties of access to land for the populations who live there are becoming more and more accentuated.

Malnutrition for children aged under five years in Burkina Faso is a health problem. Research to contribute for a balanced nutrition of these children is needed. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional values of Allium cepa and Amaranthus hybridus leaves consumed in Burkina Faso. The cool leaves of these plants have been purchased in three markets of Ouagadougou and allow to air-dry in laboratory at 25 °C. The nutritional values have been analysed for following minerals (Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphor, Sodium, Iron and Zinc). For minerals content analyses, the atomic absorption spectrophotometer and flam photometer methods have been used. The results showed that the two leaves had high content in Calcium, Potassium, Phosphor and Magnesium. For Allium cepa, the leaves mean content in Calcium, Potassium, Phosphor and Magnesium were 881 mg/100 g; 2657 mg/100 g; 324 mg/100 g and 204 mg/100 g, respectively. Iron (81 mg/100 g) and Zinc (4 mg/100 g), which are trace elements were also high. For Amaranthus hybridus leaves, the Calcium, Potassium, Phosphor and Magnesium content were 606 mg/100 g; 3573 mg/100 g; 222 mg/100 g and 475 mg/100 g. The trace elements Iron and Zn were 5 mg/100 g and 2 mg/100 g, respectively. Allium cepa leaves had highest content in Calcium, Phosphor, Iron and Zinc compared to Amaranthus hybridus leaves. This study showed that leaves of Allium cepa and Amaranthus hibridus have important nutritional values. Included these leaves in children diet will contribute to their nutritional balanced.

The present study focused on determining the microbiological load of watering water and vegetables grown in the market gardening area of ​​SAGBAYA, Urban Commune of Faranah. The microbial germs contained in water and vegetables were determined by the membrane filtration method. The results of microbiological analyzes of vegetables indicated variations depending on the locations of the wells and their sources of pollution. During the two vegetable production seasons, the results showed that except for the water from the borehole, that of the most exposed wells was highly contaminated. The water used during the 2024 season, unlike the previous one, all contained total and fecal coliforms whose values ​​oscillated respectively between 15 and 159 CFU/100ml and 9 to 126 CFU/100ml. Of the vegetables harvested, although some samples were free, carrots contained more pathogens than cabbage and lettuce in both well and borehole water. The microbiological charges in CFU/100 ml of cabbage organs varied from 2 to 85 in total coliforms and from 2 to 56 in fecal coliforms; 3 to 75 in total coliforms and 1 to 56 in fecal coliforms in carrots, finally 3 to 85 in total coliforms and 1 to 66 in fecal coliforms in lettuce. Most water and vegetables have microbiological charges exceeding the required standards, hence the consumption of these vegetables without treatment constitutes health threats to consumers.

Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences often faces complex ethical and methodological challenges. This article focuses on exploring questionable practices in this field through a rigorous methodology combining real case analysis, anonymous testimonies, and triangulation with public documents and case studies. This approach has allowed distinguishing genuine researchers from impostors and uncovering often concealed aspects of academic research, thereby providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and motivations behind fraudulent research practices. These findings underscore the importance of upholding scientific integrity, researcher credibility, and public trust in academic research. They also highlight pathways to address opportunistic practices and scientific fraud, which persist as challenges in Humanities and Social Sciences research. Solutions involve promoting a culture of integrity and accountability through comprehensive measures such as researcher education and awareness, regulation by independent and transparent ethics committees, transparency in publishing research findings, and fostering appreciation for ethical research.

In many regions of the world, and specifically in the municipality of Grand-Popo in Benin, agropastoral practices are essential for the local economy and the livelihoods of communities. However, these activities are increasingly threatened by the impacts of climate change. Variations in precipitation, prolonged droughts, sudden floods, and other extreme weather phenomena disrupt the natural cycles of crop growth, as well as the availability of pasturelands. Additionally, overexploitation of natural resources leads to soil degradation and damage to fragile ecosystems. This research aims to analyze the constraints faced by agropastoralists in the municipality of Grand-Popo. To this end, qualitative and quantitative data were collected using interview guides and questionnaires from a random sample of 120 individuals, including farmers, herders, and agropastoralists. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that agropastoralists are facing several constraints. These include health issues, conflicts related to space management, mainly due to animal wandering, overgrazing, and destructive farming practices leading to the disappearance of certain species. Additionally, droughts have a significant impact, with a lack of water infrastructure in the municipality and limited water resources in grazing areas. Floods also result in significant losses, with a high concentration of herds in certain areas of the municipality, causing damage to crops and the death of many animals.

This research was carried out using 6 samples of banana peels from 6 municipalities of Kinshasa city in Democratic Republic of Congo, with a view to manufacturing indigenous salt. These samples of determined masses, dried in the sun for a week, calcined in the open air gave more or less homogeneous ashes which, dissolved in hot distilled H_2 O in beakers of variable volumes (500, 600 mL), then filtered made it possible to obtain filtrates. These, subjected to heating at 300° C and evaporation, made it possible to obtain finished products with masses varying between 5 to 9 g, for durations ranging from 1h30 to 3h. The hygroscopic indigenous salt was kept suspended over a hearth until completely dry and was well stored for possible use.

The present research is devoted to the proportional exploration of iron deficiency anemia in women of childbearing age consulted at the Open Clinic of Gombe in the city of Kinshasa in Democratic of Congo. The study confirms high prevalence (20%) of iron deficiency anemia in female subjects who started gynecological activities, which knowledge makes it possible to establish adequate therapeutic care within our hospital structures. It also confirms that the biological analysis of markers of iron metabolism would allow the identification of iron deficiency in women of childbearing age. The results concerning the analysis of blood samples, in particular ferritin, hemoglobin and the determination of the Mean Globular Volume (MCV) made it possible, in the context of the study, to identify iron deficiency in women of childbearing age from the selected sample.

This paper studies the control of a DC machine in a Matlab/Simulink environment, more specifically the shunt machine. We first highlight the modeling of a shunt machine and then control it by acting on each parameter, first in open loop, then in closed loop, while studying the system’s performance. Finally, introduce the appropriate correction to improve system performance. The second part consisted in simulating the operation of the shunt-excited DC machine in a Matlab/Simulink environment. The more the electric motors are loaded, the lower the rotational speed. In order to bring the motor speed back to its nominal value, two types of control were proposed in this work: control by variation of the armature voltage U_a and control by variation of the excitation current I_e. Simulation of these two types of control, in our case using Matlab/Simulink software, showed the strengths and weaknesses of each type of control, depending on whether a PI corrector is integrated or not.

Rainfall variability in the Tillabéri region is the result of significant vulnerability, which has been observed for decades. The aim of this study is to highlight the adverse socioeconomic and environmental effects of these rainfall deficits. The methodological approach used in this study included assessing farmers’ perceptions of climate change indicators through field investigations, analysing variations in temperature, relative humidity and rainfall indices in the area to better characterise the climate. The results show a low level of education among the farmers surveyed and a good perception of the effects of climate change. Rainfed and irrigated agriculture are the main economic activities in the region (99.3%), with livestock rearing and market gardening as secondary activities for 31.3% and 18.7% of respondents respectively. Access to inputs (50.8%) and agricultural credit (10.3%) are major assets for producers in the area, in addition to their experience of new agricultural technologies (62%). The most significant inter-annual peaks in rainfall indices were observed on the following dates: 09/25/1988, 03/01/199, 05/18/2004, 08/05/2009 and 01/10/2020. However, inter-annual variations are also observed (09/25/1988 and 01/10/2020). The indicators of environmental change as perceived by farmers are bare soil (77.3%), gravelly soil (9.7%), erosion gullies (7%), silting up of fields (8.7%) and proliferation of Striga sp. (7%). The reduction in herbaceous plants (30.7%) and the drying out and mortality of woody plants (20.3%) are visible signs of land degradation on natural vegetation. The main causes of these changes are reduced rainfall (82%), the action of strong winds (37.3%), water erosion (34%) and intensive deforestation (24.3%). To these must be added harmful agricultural practices such as the absence or reduction of fallow periods, bush fires, low inputs of organic and mineral fertilisers, low use of CES/DRS techniques, etc. The natural vegetation cover (woody and herbaceous) that used to protect the soil has declined sharply, leaving it vulnerable to erosion.

The mystical teachings of world traditions alongside the spiritual teachings of Sufism have long been occupied with the idea of understanding the nafs (the inner self) and the various inflictions of the ego. Although the perception of the nafs differs from one religious, spiritual, philosophical tradition to the other, it is a matter of fact that all of these teachings have sought to establish the centrality of the human struggle in the process of cultivating the nafs and overcoming the fluctuations of the ego for the purpose of achieving self-salvation and liberation. In this regard and based on a legal and theological understanding of the notion of tazkiyah (self-purification) as well as a textual reading of some oral narratives and stories from the teachings of Zen spirituality, Christian mysticism, and Moroccan Sufism which have linked the reprehensible and blameworthy attributes of the human nafs to the vicious aspects of wild animals, including oxen, tigers, bears, and lions, the research seeks to underline the medieval Moroccan Sufi imaginary of of tazkiyah. It argues that some oral narratives of medieval Moroccan ascetics on possessing the karāma (saintly marvel) of taming the lion symbolizes the idea of subduing the nafs.

This work focuses on the behavior of birds approaching aircraft at the Murongo national airport in Bunia. To arrive at the results of this research, the Point Abundance Index (PIA) method was used. Field observations were carried out every Tuesday and Thursday from 6: 30 a.m. to 11 a.m. and from 4: 30 p.m. to 6 p.m. After these observations, 11 species of birds were identified (Leptoptilos crumenifer, Ciconia episcopus, Prinia somalica, Macronyx croceus, Corvus albus, Aquila rapax, Turdus pelios, Hirundo nigrita, Ploceus cucullatus, Lanius cristatus and Pycnonotus barbatus) and having manifested 10 behaviors, including: resting, feeding, social, territorial and aggression, before takeoff or landing versus moving, fleeing, nesting, leisure and habituation during landing or takeoff. Corvus albus and Aquila rapax offer high percentages of birds observed (respectively, 45.1% and 17.1%), i.e. 93 individuals (Corvus albus) against 36 (Aquila rapax) out of a total of 206 having demonstrated behavior towards the movement of aircraft. The Aquila rapax species has experienced collisions with aircraft 12 times than the other two (respectively Corvus albus and Hirundu nigrita: once). The behavior of these 3 species (Aquila rapax, Hirundu nigrita and Corvus albus) in the face of aircraft maneuvers during takeoff and/or landing of aircraft led to their death. This work contributes to understanding the behavior of avifauna when aircraft approach Bunia airport.

A prospective study based on the prevalence of dyslipidemia was carried out in order to diagnose abnormalities in patients aged at least 50 years in consultation at the Riviera clinic in Bandalungwa in Kinshasa. The analysis of 50 blood samples from the subjects revealed in the distribution of patients, a male predominance with 62.0%, including 40.0% engaged in physical activities and 30.0% having a history of diabetes. 30.0% of cases manifested hypercholesterolemia and 14.0%, hyperLDLemia. The study confirms the significant prevalence of dyslipidemia in healthy adults aged at least 50 years, linked to the association of several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in the population studied.

Present study concerned the prevalence of proteinuria diagnosed in 50 pregnant women received in prenatal consultation at the St Anne Health Center in the municipality of Selembao in Kinshasa. She revealed that these women have a high prevalence of proteinuria, most diagnosed in the second quater of pregnancy. Other urinary biochemical parameters are also disturbed. The results obtained made it possible to show the existence of pathologies endangering pregnant African women in general and Congolese women in particular. These data are to be taken into consideration during the CPN.

With global warming, heat stress is a phenomenon that is having a major impact on agricultural production. The extreme amounts of conductive heat during periods of drought to which soil surfaces and plants are subjected produce heat stress in crops. To predict these extreme conditions and anticipate actions to adapt our staple crops, an assessment of the energy potential within soils based on long-term hygrothermal behaviour has been carried out. This document assesses the conductive energy flux penetrating cultivated land in the Yamoussoukro area, based on biophysical properties, with the aim of controlling average seasonal and annual changes in energy fluxes. The study considered the closed energy balance model and modified it to obtain an estimate of heat fluxes in real time and space. The results showed that the Yamoussoukro area has two dry seasons contrasted by two rainy seasons with decreasing rainfall since 2013. High amounts of conductive energy were obtained between November and April, and between August and September, varying between -50 W/m2 and -25 W/m², while they were high (0 to 50 W/m²) in the rainy seasons. The calculated average annual net radiant heat flux, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and conductive heat flux are 221.405 W/m², 218.592 W/m², 44.290 W/m² and -22.270 W/m², respectively. The lightness indices varied from 0.26 to 0.7, while the leaf area indices of the cocoa leaves varied from 2 to 5.42 m²/m².

Millet, widely got in human food especially in Africa is used both in the preparation of dishes and in that of alcoholic beverages or not such as zoomkoom. However, there is no scientific data in Côte d’Ivoire on the actors of the production and consumption of zoomkoom. The objective of this work is therefore to make their typology. We surveyed 34 producers and 118 consumers. It shows that in Côte d’Ivoire, the producers of zoomkoom are 60% Burkinabe and Ivorian women from the North, over thirty years old (74%). They are 86% school dropout but make the production of the zoomkoom a full trade. 67% of producers transform 1 to 5 kg of millet daily and 87% of them have at least ten years’ experience. As for consumers, 68% are men from the North of Côte d’Ivoire and the sub-region. They are over twenty years old at 92%, and drink around 50cl of zoomkoom daily (27%). Zoomkoom lovers are of various trades and consume this drink for cultural reasons and for taste.