Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2014, Pages 1736–1745
Bushra Jamil1
1 Department of Biosciences, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Original language: English
Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Antibiotics have a history of more than 70 years, during which they have saved the lives of millions of individuals. However, the golden era of so called miracle bullets is over now-antibiotic resistance to almost every class of antibiotics particularly in Gram negative microbes has rippled the fear that we may enter to pre-antibiotic era. The situation is gruesome as eventually diarrhea would be difficult to treat because it has already developed resistance to treatment of last resort and in enterobacteriaceae, which comprises of diarrheal pathogens-the multi-drug resistance genes are present on plasmids associated with integrons and transposons that aid in dissemination of resistance genes to unrelated species. It is imperative to reverse the resistance mechanism by overwhelming those microbial enzymes that degrade the antibiotics, by increasing the uptake of antibiotics by bacterial cells, by blocking drug efflux, by discovering new natural products having antimicrobial potential and most importantly through development of nano-antibiotics.
Author Keywords: Enterobacteraceae, Nano antibiotics, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases, New Delhi Metallo beta lactamases-1, Multi drug resistance, Efflux pumps.
Bushra Jamil1
1 Department of Biosciences, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Original language: English
Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Antibiotics have a history of more than 70 years, during which they have saved the lives of millions of individuals. However, the golden era of so called miracle bullets is over now-antibiotic resistance to almost every class of antibiotics particularly in Gram negative microbes has rippled the fear that we may enter to pre-antibiotic era. The situation is gruesome as eventually diarrhea would be difficult to treat because it has already developed resistance to treatment of last resort and in enterobacteriaceae, which comprises of diarrheal pathogens-the multi-drug resistance genes are present on plasmids associated with integrons and transposons that aid in dissemination of resistance genes to unrelated species. It is imperative to reverse the resistance mechanism by overwhelming those microbial enzymes that degrade the antibiotics, by increasing the uptake of antibiotics by bacterial cells, by blocking drug efflux, by discovering new natural products having antimicrobial potential and most importantly through development of nano-antibiotics.
Author Keywords: Enterobacteraceae, Nano antibiotics, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases, New Delhi Metallo beta lactamases-1, Multi drug resistance, Efflux pumps.
How to Cite this Article
Bushra Jamil, “Enterobacteriaceae: At the verge of treatment,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1736–1745, December 2014.
