Human capital is the cornerstone of the development of economic and social activities. It is an accumulation of investments by an individual in order to improve his productive capacities like education. Our paper aims to present and analyze the relationship between human capital and economic growth on the African level, while approaching concretely the real image through the case of the ECOWAS countries. Our study will focus, essentially, around the concept of human capital, an analysis of the relationship between human capital and economic growth for ECOWAS countries through econometric modeling, and an interpretation of the results of the model.