The sustainability of vegetation is closely linked to anthropogenic practices, climate, and investments in environmental management. The objective is to help prioritize the impacts of anthropogenic practices and rainfall on ecosystem evolution. Following the rainfall gradient, a diachronic analysis of Landsat images from November or December for the years 1986, 1999, 2013, and 2018 was carried out. These cloud-free satellite images from Landsat 7 to 8 bands were downloaded from the USGS website: http://www.earthexplorer.usgs.gov/. Processed according to supervised classification, a Pearson correlation matrix relating to land cover types (rock outcrop, irrigated crop, rain-fed crop, fallow land, water body, forest reserve, shrub savanna, shrub steppe) was established. The results show that anthropogenic practices influencing vegetation change are highly diverse.

In the context of climate change, the ecosystems of protected areas are becoming increasingly important both for the preservation of biodiversity and for the livelihoods of local communities. Consequently, it is essential to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of protected areas. This approach allows for the analysis and understanding of evolving phenomena by simultaneously integrating their spatial dimension and their variation over time, thus constituting an essential tool in geography. It also offers the possibility of representing and modeling trends as well as geographic structures at different temporal scales, thereby facilitating informed decision-making. The objective of this literature review is to provide an overview of the available scientific data on plant diversity and the trends in spatiotemporal dynamics associated with the nine nature reserves in Niger. Thus, this approach highlights the need to conduct retrospective and participatory studies for the sustainable management of these ecosystems in Niger.

The ecology of a species is a fundamental aspect in its sustainable management. The objective is to study the ecological and floristic characteristics of plant formations with D. mespiliformis. The study was conducted in western Niger along the main tributaries of the Niger River crossing two agroecologicals compartments. Abiotic factors and forestry data where collected in 220 plots of 2500 m2. Thus, the species is present in all types of soil in the area near streams. The area is moderately diverse with 41 woody species dominated by D. mespiliformis with 50% of Importance Value Index. The Shannon diversity index was 2.61 in Dargol and 2.19 in Goroubi and the Sorensen similarity index between the two zones was 0.62. The density of D. mespiliformis per hectare is 46.04 in Dargol and 33.19 in Goroubi. The demographic structure of its population of all species shows a dominance of small diameter individuals evolving into sawtooth characterized by anthropogenic pressure. These results constitute a scientific basis for the sustainable management of this food and multi-use species, which is one of the species in decline in the area.