This paper is focused on modeling and introducing a new control strategy for a condensate water system. Current control strategy of the system is simple feedback control system with one PID controller. Results of current control strategy were taken into account for improvements in terms of system stability, valve movements and unwanted transients. Problems found in condensate system were; large variations in process variable, extra movement in valve positions and inefficient opening of valves. Simulation model with current control strategy and results as of real power plant was created and validated, as new control strategy can be applied and results can be compared. The main recommendation to improve the control system performance was found through PID cascade control strategy that could assist the current controller. The recommendation was evaluated by designing and implementing the cascade control strategy on the Dymola simulation model. Simulation results pointed out considerable increase in system performance according to the requirements of Ringhals (Vattenfall) AB Sweden.

The research is based on comparative study which evaluates performance of various Community Based Organizations in different localities of Nowshera Kalan (Pakistan) after 2010 floods which devastated the whole region, with the aim to find relationship between Community Based Organizations and community development. After 2010 floods, people in Nowshera Kalan were facing too many problems for removing mud, dead animals and repair and cleaning of houses. Many national and international nongovernmental organizations intervened to help the affected people but they were unable to contact any elder or representative from each locality. These nongovernmental organizations had encouraged these community based organizations for each locality and then provided them financial support and resources for restoration and reconstruction of lifelines and livelihoods. For this research, progress reports of Various Community Based Organizations in the study area were studied who worked in different areas like education, public health, WATSAN (Water and sanitation), public awareness, sustainable livelihood and social welfare of the community. The study found that there is strong relationship between Community Based Organizations and community development. Educating and Encouraging local population about the importance of community based organizations and its role in problem solving of a particular community is of utmost importance. The study highlights visible changes among the two communities having and lacking these organizations. They can play vital role in community development if funds are provided and enhanced their capacities and resource base.

To find out the best indicator sample for biomonitoring, whole-blood, urine, scalp hair, fingernail and tooth samples were collected randomly from volunteers of Mysore city and surrounding villages. These subjects (rural or urban) were grouped into two subgroups depending upon their personal/lifestyle factors namely, sex, occupation, food habit, drinking water source, alcohol consumption, betel and nut chewing, sugar level, blood, insulin treatment, economic status and cooking utensils used. The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in whole blood, urine, scalp hair and fingernail were determined with the use of ICP-AES and levels of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured in tooth samples with AAS. Mean element concentration for each subgroup in each sample was calculated and the difference in mean value between subgroups was tested for its significance. Significantly differing element levels in each sample shows the influence of personal factors; in other words each sample indicate the effect of various lifestyle factor. Overall comparison was made for suitability of samples for biomonitoring and it is concluded that the sum total number of varied elements in all the influencing factors were higher in fingernails and it reveals that the fingernails are ideal, suitable and recommended indicator sample for biological monitoring of element status among general, occupationally exposed and ill-health subjects.

Intestinal helminthes are the most common diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa with a very higher negative public health and socio-economic impacts. Mass drug administration is one programme aimed at controlling the disease. The exercise has not been successful in Nigeria due to low levels of living standards, poor environmental sanitation, and ignorance of simple health-promoting behaviours. Due to negative impacts of helmithiasis, there is therefore the need for good preventive and control measures. This can not be done effectively without a baseline data on the occurrence of helminthiasis in a particular area. A study of prevalence of intestinal helminthes infections among inhabitants of five villages in Numan local Government area Adamawa, Nigeria was carried out using formal-ether concentration method. Out of the 296 subjects examined, 27(9.1%) were found to be infected with at least one helminth. The prevalence of intestinal helminthes found were Taenia spp (3.7%), Hookworm (3.4%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (2.0%). There was no significant association between helminthic infection and sex (P>0.05). There was no significant association between prevalence and age (P>0.05). Teania spp had the highest prevalence among subjects examined. Prevalence and co- infection was highest in Salti village. Intestinal helminthes are of public health importance in the area, and control measures are imperative.

The joint liability presents a guarantee in group lending to Microfinance Institution. However this mechanism of lending is often accompanied by a strategic defect which generates failing micro-borrowers. The purpose of this study is to analyze in an econometric way this failure by using techniques of data analysis to study the validity and the efficiency of the group lending. To this end we shall use data from a foundation specialized in Microfinance, particularly in microcredit, it is a question in this study of the ARDI Foundation (Rabat

On earth, communication between any organisms is in the form of analog signal. The manipulation of an analog signal is tedious; therefore analog to digital converter is used to convert the analog signal into digital form. Comparator plays a major role in the signal analysis. In addition to that, comparator circuit provides the efficient and high quality signal, among, the various input signals fed as an input. Magnitude comparator is a technique used to compare, the relation between given inputs in digital form that is in the form of 1's and 0's. Comparison between one or more input signals can be generated by using the relational operators. Comparison using conventional method is less immune to the noise; is a well-known aspect. Taking into an account, the reversible logic gates, which has zero loss of information is used to perform the comparison of two bit input data. In this paper, comparison is made between the two bit input data. The relative results such as A>B, A<B, A=B are provided for any 2 bit input combinations. The proposed reversible 2-bit comparator module effectively reduces the number of gates used, garbage values and the delay. The delay for reversible 2 bit comparator unit is 6.320 ns. The proposed architecture for the 2-bit reversible comparator using various reversible gates is provided with the output simulated using "ModelSim" and the synthesis report is generated using "Xilinx".

β-himachalene behaves as a nucleophile while dichlorocarbene behaves as an electrophile. Equimolar condensation of β-himachalene and dichlorocarbene results in a single product: (1S,3R,8R)-2,2-dichloro-3,7,7,10-tetramethyltricyclo[6,4,0,0^1.3]dodec-9-ene, also referred to as dichlorocarbene β-himachalene ? (referred to as P₁ here), formed by reaction at the ? side of the C₆=C₇ double bond of β-himachalene. This regioselectivity is controlled by the frontier orbitals, as is the reaction mechanism. Electron density is particularly high around the C₆=C₇ double bond of the HOMO orbital. However when β-himachalene reacts with two equivalents of dichlorocarbene under the same conditions the result is two products: (1S,3R,8R,9S,11R)-2,2,10,10-tetrachloro-3,7,7,11-tetramethyltetracyclo[6,5,0,0^1.2,0^9.11]tridecane and (1S,3R,8R,9R,11S)-3,7,7,11-tetrachloro-3,7,7,11-tetramethyltetracyclo[6,5,0,0^1.2,0^9.11]tridecane (referred to here as P₂ and P₃ respectively). The same two products are also obtained when P₁ reacts with one equivalent of dichlorocarbene. The attack takes place simultaneously at the ? and β sides of the C₂=C₃ double bond. Study of the two reactions using the ab-initio quantum density functional theory method (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) shows that they are stereoselective, chemospecific, concerted and exothermic. P₃ is formed in greater quantity than P₂.

Healthcare industry has to face many significant challenges continuously in order to provide optimal performance. In order for Malaysia to achieve a developed nation status, improvements in term of healthcare services are required. Therefore, a quality management initiative is needed to achieve their goals. Six Sigma (SS) is clearly and proved as one of quality management initiatives for process changes. The abilities of organization to be innovative in industry give great impact to organization. In addition, process innovation can provide the additions of quality improvement toward product or service. Process innovation had been seen assist SS practices to achieve performance improvement. Thus, the purpose of this study is to review structural analysis between SS practices and process innovation. Examination of the research literature shows that there is a lack of empirical research that systematically examines the relationship between SS practices and process innovation. Therefore, this concept paper tries to examine how the SS can contribute on development of process innovation in healthcare industry. Next, the hypothesis has been developed based on the literature and the proposed research model for Malaysian healthcare industry also provided. For the future agenda, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques will used in order to get the empirical result.

Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) system is an important component for the intelligent vehicles, it can assist and inform the driver about dangerous situations such as stop, icy roads, no entry or speed limits. In this paper we present a fast and robust traffic sign recognition system constituted of three modules which are: segmentation, detection and recognition of sign type. In the first module we start by applying a filter after normalization of the three RGB channels to extract red, green, blue and yellow maps. To detect the signs and identify their forms, in the second module we propose a new and fast approach for pattern recognition based on minimum bounding rectangle. For the third module, the recognition is made by using a matching directly between the SURF descriptors of the detected traffic sign and the traffic signs in the database, in this module we apply a filtering interest points detected and we keep only the points that are inside the pictogram's sign. The evaluation of the proposed approach gives good results compared to some powerful techniques. As a result, with the proposed system we have obtained a high performance with 95.65% sign detection, 97.72% traffic sign identification and 89.59% traffic sign recognition rate in an average time less than 80 ms/image.

The climate change is a frequent feature accompanied by chronology of major disaster in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Particularly coastal and offshore areas of Bangladesh are widely vulnerable to natural disasters due to its geographical location and very high population density. This paper attempted to study the land displacement pattern and possible vulnerability faced by internally displaced persons in the pace of natural disasters, and to identify the interrelated aspects of possible socioeconomic impacts of tropical cyclone, storm surge, river erosion, flood and drought on the coastal inhabitants. The study concentrated on the recent five environmental disasters. Sample survey into the selected costal region was undertaken to obtain data on land use, settlement and displacement pattern. Focus group discussion (FGD) was also undertaken to understand the vulnerability to short-term hazards, in particular, tropical SIDR and AILA impacts. SPSS 16 and ATLAS.ti were used to analyze data. The study found that the rate of landless households increased alarmingly due to frequent disasters which significantly caused the declining availability of land. Similarly the number of petty land owners increased significantly, while the hand medium and high land owners decreased over the years. It also found that frequent disasters in every year compelled the farmers to sell their land consistently because these displaced lands became unusable due to its excessive salinity and long time water logging. Consequently life, livelihood and occupation of these vulnerable people were widely affected and force them to outward migration especially towards urban areas.