The obstacles to the understanding and the assimilation of physical concepts are very often very complex to perceive and, therefore, methodologies, approaches and reforms that can overcome these barriers are continuously proposed by the Ministry of Education. In the present tentative, which may be considered as a first step to a more developed work, we proposed a questionnaire to future physics and chemistry teachers in secondary schools (at CRMEF of Fez, Morocco). In addition, we were able, through discussions with physics university professors, to have an idea about the reactions of the students on the problem, The objective was to identify difficulties and barriers faced by those students during the teaching and learning of the concept of the earth's Coriolis force. This work, which constitutes a part of an action research, could allow the desired solutions to the barriers mentioned above.The collected results revealed a misperception of the concept associated with the Earth's Coriolis force, pointing out that teaching strategies have to be reviewed, and that pedagogical tools have to be implicated in these strategies.

Conventional analyses of soil characteristic are expensive and time-consuming. Hyperspectral remote sensing has become useful tool for quantitative analysis of soil properties particularly in area where soil surface is permanently or temporarily exposed, as in Mediterranean region. Some multivariate statistical methods have been successful in soil spectrometry but they seem to have some limitations. The aim of this work is to identify properties of soils by using an unmixing method, the Support Vectors Machines (SVMs), from Hyperion hyperspectral remote sensing data. The approach consists in i) selection of Hyperion spectra of "extreme" soils among a Hyperion spectra for which soil properties are knows, ii) the application of the SVM to the Hyperion hyperspectral image to classify the pixels. The overall accuracies obtained for the soil characteristic classification are 87,95% (for clay), 73,81% (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) and the Kappa indexes are 0,82 (clay) and 0,60 (CaCO3). Finally, this work has showed that the SVM provides an important and promising perspective in soil science.

In Morocco, like in all developing countries, sanitation and sewage treatment are one of the biggest environmental problems. The lack of public network for waste water treatment, the absence of control and of environmental sensitivity contribute to spreading diseases, degrading landscapes and contaminating surface as well as underground water. Wastewater is considered their main polluting factor.
In Morocco, the treatment of wastewater by the natural lagoon is probably the most efficient solution both in economic terms and in terms of performance. The objective of this work is to study the physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters of raw and treated water from the station.
For this, we opted carried out a series of measures: For the physicochemical parameters as temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, the redox potential, electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand BOD5, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids SS, and O2 dissolved oxygen and bacteriological parameters as fecal coliforms (FC) and total coliforms (CT). Data analysis showed that the treatment efficiency of the station reached respectively 15,86%, 55,34%, 55,58% of the SS, COD and BOD5 which does not meet the discharge standards. The bacteriological analysis showed faecal pollution of human origin and performance of abatement of fecal germs can be deduced that the treatment adopted by facultative ponds far beyond the values required by Moroccan or European standards.

Natural products continue to play a significant role in drug discovery and development processes, and many plants have already provided valuable clues for potentially bioactive compounds. Additionally, it has become evident that significant health risks and benefits are associated with dietary food choice. Studies conducted in the past few years have demonstrated that quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) is a good, safe, and low-cost natural source of different classes of interesting metabolites. In particular, phenolic compounds have application as preventive or therapeutic agents in diseases in which free radicals are involved. Despite the fact that quince fresh or processed fruit properties have attracted most attention, this study focused on antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds extracted from leaves of the Tunisian local variety. Accordingly, chromatographic characterization of methanol extract revealed the existence of nine compounds corresponding to phenolic acids and flavonoids. However, only six compounds could be systematically identified namely, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glycoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids showed respectable content as compared to common medicinal plants: 52.5 mg/g dw and 4 mg/g dw, respectively. Consequently, DPPH free radical-scavenging activity and the inhibition of pre-formed radical ABTS.+ by leaf extract were comparable to or even higher than the effect of synthetic antioxidant BHT. In addition, both tests were very highly correlated (r = 0.82) under the effect of quince leaf extract testifying to the sufficiency of only one test to highlight antioxidant potential.

The market gardening dons a fundamental importance thanks to its multifonctionnalit

The purpose of this article is to report an intervention research initiated in the framework of a project structuring the finance department of a Moroccan university, this experience has been the subject of several evaluations and was judged Action driver, whether at the national level (other Moroccan universities) or international (in the Moroccan-European project MISSION). This article is about public service modernization, trying to implement culture of managing for results.

This study attempted to determine the management Status of the primary cooperatives in Northern Samar in terms of the five aspects namely, Administrative, organizational, financial, Marketing and Technical aspects.
A descriptive survey design was done and employed a research-made questionnaire coupled with focus group discussion (FDG) to validate the answer of the respondents. The findings revealed that management status of the 33 existing primary cooperative as assessed by the respondents fairly good, the number of employees, the assignment of the tasks to employees. BOD and the officers, members' share capital, cooperatives' income, product distributions and promotion of product.
Based on the over-all assessment of the respondents marketing aspects got the highest mean rating of 2.86 followed by organizational and financial aspects with a mean rating of 2.62. Training behind is technical aspect with a mean rating 2.37. This implies that the respondents considered the distribution and promotion of the cooperatives' product to be fairly good followed by the organizational aspects and financial aspect which show strong points per assessment. The respondents are with the opinion that cooperatives' expertise & skills need to be improved.

The tall - palm (borassus aethiopum mart) is a wood material very used in the works of traditional and semi-traditional habitat construction in Chad. However, one has knowledge on neither physical nor mechanical features of this wood of Chad.
The present survey on the physical characterization of this wood shows that it has:
- A humidity rate of 15.86% ? 1.18% in the duramen, 44.56% +- 2.95% in the sapwood and 47.78% +- 0.31% in the central part;
- An ash rate of 1.4% +- 0.004% for duramen, 1.00% +- 0.004% for sapwood and 0,4% for central part;
- A voluminal mass of 894.40 kg/m3 at 12% of humidity rate, classifying it thus among the heavy woods;
- For duramen, a voluminal shrinkage of 6.05% +- 0.01%, a linear shrinkage of 2.62% +- 0.31% and a transverse shrinkage of 0.57% +- 0.26%.
The knowledge of these physical features will permit to start well the survey of the mechanical and thermal behaviour of this construction material in Chad.

This study realized at Bondoukou region in north-eastern of Cote d'Ivoire. It aims to analyze hydrodynamic properties of fissured aquifers with a view to improve drinking water supply at this region. Methodology applied for this study started by mapping of fractures networks from treatment of Landsat 7 satellite images with directional filters. After that, it was established relationship among the parameters of groundwater capture and their relation with fracturing and nature of rock formation. Geostatistical analysis of specific capacity of wells from corrected last step drawdown closed the methodology. Use of remote sensing led to map 5000 fractures responsible of water-bearing-layers inside bedrocks. Productive fractures are met between 30 and 60 meters under the ground with these principals directions: NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W. Great yields are also met at weathering between 15 to 45 meters. Approximately 83, 41% of arrival water occurred in the first 30 meters of the basement. Porphyroid granodiorit produced water more than other rocks formations. Variogram structuring of Log (Q/s) revealed that this hydrodynamic parameter can be considered as a regionalized variable with a range equals to 7,36 km. This is a proof of best connectivity of fractures networks identified. Estimation of specific capacities at the whole studied area was made by kriging. All results obtained through this study contribute to best comprehension of hydrodynamic properties of aquifer at North-east of C

The approach developed in the present work aims to help overcoming the difficulties faced by undergraduate students to understand certain physical concepts and phenomena. Indeed, many physical phenomena, established analytically, remain imperceptible and give rise to doubt in the minds of students. One of these phenomena is the Earth's Coriolis force, which we realized its complexity through a questionnaire to a population consisting of future physics and chemistry teachers in secondary schools (at CRMEF, Fez, Morocco). The misperception of such phenomenon is increased because the lack of laboratory experiments that may show the effect of the Coriolis' force. In this regard, we propose a pedagogical scenario based on one of the manifestations of this force, integrating information and communication technologies (ICT). This scenario is based on a numerical simulation algorithm, which is, from our point of view, may help students to better perceive and understand the complexity of this force. The impact of this investigation was shown to be very constructive. Moreover, to our knowledge, this approach through a simulation process, is the first to be elaborated and proposed.

Most of the large companies, today, put forward their diversity and their international dimension. The question of the intercultural communication in summer and house in the center of the concerns of the company directors avid to develop on the international stage. Nevertheless, the nature and the scale of the problem lead to ask differently the question of the intercultural. The data which we were able to collect allowed us to notice that the managers of the investigated companies are sensitive to the question of the intercultural communication. They consider it almost all during their management. In fact, they are forced to adopt it because they are confronted with the element of the expatriation of various countries towards Morocco. Nevertheless, we also observed a negative representation of the cultural difference which is likened to a problem rather than in a competitive advantage for the company of this fact the question of the intercultural communication always stays in his embryonic state in the country of Morocco and can constitute a resource and a solution for a lot of problems in organizations and especially hotelkeepers.

In Tunisia, irrigation in the arid and semi-arid areas is often accompanied by sodicity and alkalinization of soils, leading to soil degradation a decreased crop yields. In this context, this study aims to analyze the spatio-temporal variation, and depending on depth of the water quality of the dam of Bezirk. Monitoring of physico-chemical parameters, concentrations of nutrients and major elements was performed to identify the factors and phenomena that govern their variations. Compilation and interpretation of all results show the main origin of the major elements is the chemical weathering of rocks exposed in the watershed and nutrients originate soil leaching and degradation of organic matter. The variation of the contents of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus is linked to the level of dissolved oxygen, to the photosynthesis-respiration balance and to the degree of degradation of organic matter. The concentrations of the major elements are mainly controlled by dilution - evaporation balance, ion complexation and biologic activity.
The values of conductivity, alkalinity and SAR show that waters of Bezirk dam are of good quality for irrigation and can be used without risk, particularly for moderately salt tolerant plants.

This search treats the philosophical subject dialogue between two philosophical destinations which they have made the philosophical contemporary thinking, and it belongs at two different cultural contexts (French and German), so it's the deconstruction and the hermeneutic, and we define the French philosophy's moment since the second half of the 20th century like an original's moment about then a strong presence of German philosophy and many German philosophers with their discussing ideas.
The dialogue between the Deconstruction and the hermeneutic is an example of this French-German philosophical meeting, this dialogue that appears like a deaf dialogue, as soon as the difference of philosophical conceptions of the two project deconstruction and the hermeneutic; especially their reflections which are on the language and ontological dimensions; but the same in these incunstances, who's concluded that the dialogue between Jacques Derrida (Deconstruction) and Hans George Gadamer (Hermeneutic) was a successful Dialogue. It's the real value of this dialogue and it's not defined by a consensus, but by the act of thinking to gether and recognition each other, a differently from their, it saws the gains resulted of this dialogue (concepts revising and mutual recognition).

This study conducted from 02 March to 2 May 2013 in Kinshasa, particularly in Kinshasa Provincial General Hospital, identified the determinants of quality nursing shortage.
The poor reception of patients; the late arrival of nurses in the service; non-compliance with aseptic technique and the care coinage are determining the basis of insufficient quality nursing care.

This study explores the silvicultural practices transhumant pastoralists in dry agroforests of North Cameroon where trees are pruned annually. Indeed at the insufficient fodder, especially nitrogen in the dry season, it becomes increasingly difficult for these farmers to exercise their pastoral activity. Therefore, they will develop sound silvicultural technicals with a view to sustain their farming system. To understand these practices, forest and agroforestry inventory surveys were conducted in both forage areas, Mozogo and Tolkomari previously defined for this purpose. Thus, the frequency, the intensity of pruning and pruning part of the crown were appreciated. Dendrometric measures the height and diameter of the branches to low scales, medium and high crown made. Their analysis reveals that 95% of individuals were harvested annually with an intensity of between 75 to 100% of the cut crown. This pruning is part oriented on 50% of fodder trees. The average height of cut trees is 8, 1 plus or minus 2, 76 meters. Over 88% of the trees, all species are operated from 5 meters. As to their diameter, the cut branches are located between 1, 5 and 6, 66 centimeters. This selection reflects sound management of tree resources with a view to perpetuate a pastoral system centered on the border transhumance.

L-Lysine fermentation by Corynebacterium glutamicum obtained productivity improvements from D-glucose. Immobile Corynebacterium glutamicum on carrier brings many significant advantages for lysine production such as high reused ability, saving seed preparation stage and high adaptation ability of immobile cells to the fermentation environment. Simultaneously, immobile cells have a long phase for lysine excretion. L-Lysine fermentation kinetics by immobile cells is studied in the basic way to solve problems related to cell physiology. Thereby, optimization techniques are carried out more easily to determine the most suitable nutrient medium as well as fermentation conditions and result in obtaining highest yield L-Lysine. L-lysine concentration was improved to the level of 28.767

Nattokinase is able to hydrolyze fibri oriented fibers, reducing blood pressure to the arteries and heart valves. People use nattokinase enzyme through ingestion by natto food or functional food to dissolve blood clots. In fermentation by Bacillus subtilis natto, the bacterium can generate this enzyme. The optimized culture medium has 6 factors such as glucose, soybean peptone, K2HPO4, MgSO4, NaCl, CaCl2 and the rate of these in medium is identified by response furface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The highest nattokinase yield was 69.3

Argot, cant, jargons and slang are phenomenal forerunners of new idioms and idiomatic expressions in Yoruba. They are universal phenomenon and aspects of social language that cannot be underestimated in every sense of functional human society where language and culture are seen as natural, divine and systematic in the 21st century. This paper attempts to discuss the historical evolution, definition, denotative and connotative meanings of this sociolect especially in relation to the existence and emergence of new idioms and idiomatic expressions in Yoruba with a view to highlighting their similarities and differencia specifica.

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, recognized as a serious public health problem worldwide due to the ravaging HIV/AIDS pandemic. Who (2003) has reported that tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to any one infectious agent worldwide. Few publications exist regarding Toxoplasma and tuberculosis co-infection. This study was carried out in Khartoum Sudan to assess T. gondii infection in Tuberclosis patientd.
Modified latex agglutination test was used for screen of anti-toxoplasma antibodies. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 11 (17.2%) of the 64 individuals studied.
Toxoplasmosis was higher in males (71.4%) than the females (28.6) and the infection observed in all age groups and was not associated with certain age group. Most of toxoplasmosis infected individuals (72.7%) were consuming meat frequently.
Our finding showed that patients presenting active TB have significantly higher susceptibility to toxoplasmosis infection (25%) compared to active Tb free individuals (11%).

The aims of this work is to check the new index of antioxydant activity (AAI and AAU) by using test DPPH and to introduce a new method, simple, inexpensive, significant, which is the test of cerium. We evaluated the capacity antioxydant by the both methods (DPPH, cerium test).the values of IC50 (

The major vocation of the industrial monitoring is to increase the availability of the industrial machines which are part of the systems of production in order to reduce the costs generated by maintenance which penalize the performances of the company. Methodologies of monitoring can be divided into two main categories: on the one hand, methodologies which are based on the existence of a formal model of the equipment to supervise, and on the other hand, methodologies for which the absence of a model requires the recourse to the tools of the artificial intelligence. This article is devoted initially to the presentation of methodologies of the monitoring using the tools of the artificial intelligence like to the state of art of the application of the artificial intelligence to the monitoring, and in the second time with a contribution to the design of a system of remote monitoring for the systems of production according to a functional approach.

This article proposes a study of the image of Casablanca. Once the place marketing concept and its application domain have been explained, we presented the results of survey of 144 residents about their perception of their city. The objective of the survey was to identify the characteristics of Casablanca city through which it can communicate. Our results revealed that the personality of Casablanca is recognized as being warm, civilized, welcoming, generous and pleasant. The study highlighted sunshine as an undeniable asset. However, greenspace, cleanliness and quietness have been listed as negative points which are big expectations of Casablanca resident.

The study focuses on doctrinal and comparative research between positive law and Muslim law relating to life insurance. In a conventional system, life insurance is based on uncertainty, which is prohibited for Muslims who wish to take out a life insurance while the concept of the Islamic law in insurance is the basis of mutual aid. This article also describes the incompatibility of conventional life insurance with the precepts of Islamic law and whose jurisconsults will resort to legal theories in search of compatible solution with Islamic law precepts life takaful insurance.

The purpose of this study has been to identify Core Competency in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania with reference to China. The study also involves an observation of the existing association among SMEs in Tanzania and China in terms of their activities and commitments in keeping the core competencies as a strategy for SMEs to remain competitive. This practical investigation involved an inquiry research approach for evaluating core competencies to SMEs through management, technical and capability perspectives as variables. The study therefore, employed survey questionnaires to individuals and proprietors in local and urban SMEs operating in Tanzania enacted in the observed SMEs from China. The results generally revealed that SMEs in China have developed a relatively high core competencies in their operation compared to its referred part, Tanzanian SMEs. The technological environment has greatly supported the development of core competence in China SMEs and weak technological infrastructure, low level of managerial skills and lack of effective marketing are amongst the factors which were identified to result to low level of core competencies in Tanzania SMEs. Most of the capability skills found in Chinese SMEs (5.42%) then in Tanzania SMEs that seem to be (2.82%). This signifies the importance technology incorporation in the course of the SMEs' operation, customer service, the level of business training and effectiveness in marketing. This also helps to explore how the business managers can integrate managerial, technical and competency skills effectively, taking advantage of their available resources and through understanding of core competence.

This paper presents a comparison between Eigen value decomposition (EVD) method and Givens rotation (GR) method for the quasi-orthogonal space-time block coded (QO-STBC) wireless communication systems, working under the multipath Rayleigh fading channels, under the condition of imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the receiver side, and also presents the multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) extension of both the QO-STBC methods. The matrix manipulation in both schemes leads to the removal of interference terms in the detection matrix, which in turn results in reduced computational complexity as compared to the conventional linear decoding technique using maximum likelihood criterion. Under realistic conditions the channel estimator cannot provide perfect/ideal channel state information (CSI). In this correspondence, we describe the impact of imperfect channel state information on the diversity gain. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the adverse effects of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the bit error rate performance of QO-STBC systems.