The cereal group occupies a prominent place in the dietary habits of the populations of southern Benin and there are few recent consumption data on cereals. This study aims to assess the consumption, acquisition and supply of cereals to households in Cotonou. A semi-directive survey with KoBoCollect was conducted with 345 households to collect individual cereal food consumption data. The survey data studied by inferential statistics showed that the most consumed cereals are corn (99%, p=1), rice (85%, p=0.936), wheat (35%, p=0.999), sorghum (15%, p=0.659), millet (10%, p=0.971) and fonio at less than 5%. The most common mode of acquisition is buying from secondary market (95%, p=0.987) and street (85%, p=0.999) retailers. The most used preservation techniques are: drying at room temperature (70%, p=0.619) and keeping the product away from light (30%, p=0.806). Households most often dry in areas laid out at home (70%, p=0.984) or at the edge of the road (30%, p=0.939). Storage places are very diverse: the kitchen (45%, p=0.871), the bedroom (40%, 0.998), the living room (25%, p=0.900) and the store (20, 0.931). In addition, the supply costs of cereals increased from 0.009 USD to 0.056 USD between 2020 and 2021. This vertiginous rise in prices is due to the covid19 pandemic. The various data emitted make it possible not only to have fresh data but also to invest them in the assessment of health risks for the achievement of a high level of protection of the health and life of consumers.

Background: In order to know the level of malaria transmission in the city of Karimama in the north East of Benin, an entomological study was carried out in this city from January to December 2020. Method : Firstly, the study was based on sampling adults mosquitoes by Human Landing Catches (HLC) in two villages performed monthly over two consecutive nights (8:00 PM to 6:00 AM) in 4 randomly selected compounds. These populations of mosquitoes were completed by Indoor Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSC) in 10 other selected compounds; the same compounds in each sampling method being consistently used throughout the study. The head-thoraces of these females from the human landing catches were tested for the presence of CircumSporozoite Protein (CSP). Finally, Knocked down mosquitoes falling on white bed sheets were preserved for identification of species and characterization of molecular forms within the An. gambiae complex were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: i)-During the year of study, 9.019 female mosquitoes were caught by PSC against 21.474 by HLC among which, 26% were Anopheles species from HLC; ii)- In this city surveyed, the main malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was transmitted by Anopheles gambiae s.s where transmission was high from June to October during the rainy season and declined during the dry season (December-May); iii) - The Entomological Inoculation Rates (EIRs) were significantly higher (138 infection bites/person/night) during the rainy season than those obtained during the dry season (138 infection bites/person/night) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that malaria transmission is unimodal in the city of Karimama and the main malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum was transmitted by Anopheles gambiae s.s. These findings will be very useful for National Malaria Control Program authorities in the choice of the method to fight against malaria in this city.

The objective of this study is to study the phytochemistry of the anti-bacterial activity of thirteen plants used in traditional medicine to treat typhoid fever in Benin. For this fact, we carried out the phytochemical screening, then the antibacterial activity was carried out by the micro-dilution method. The dosage of polyphenols was made on the extracts having exhibited good anti-salmonella activity. Phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins (gallic and catechic) and flavonoids for all plants, as for other secondary metabolites, they vary from one plant to another. For the forty-five [H2O, EtOH (96%), CH2Cl2-MeOH (V / V)] extracts, the extraction yield ranged from 3.3% to 23.78%; the CH2Cl2-MeOH extracts have the best yields followed by ethanolic extracts. The evaluation of the anti-salmonella activity of the forty-five extracts on seven strains of Salmonella (clinical isolate and reference) made it possible to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the active extracts following the biological screening. The ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and CH2Cl2-MeOH from Azadirachta indica are the most active in inhibiting four types of salmonella with MICs ranging from 250 to 500 μg / mL. The determination of the polyphenol contents showed the richness of these plants in these compounds and we noticed that the activity of the extracts varies according to their content of flavonoids. The results obtained confirmed the anti-salmonella potential of certain plants at the concentration tested and constitute a scientific database for the research of phytomedicines.