This work explores the combined impact of sexual violence and a burglary within a family, creating a major traumatic breach that transcends the simple sum of individual harms. This accumulation of aggressions transforms the home, once a space of safety, into a place of constant threat, generating trauma. Using a mixed-methods approach integrating qualitative and quantitative methods, this study highlights the emotional and social fractures caused by these traumas and proposes appropriate therapeutic interventions to promote individual and collective resilience.
This article examines the effectiveness of integrative psychotherapies in treating complex trauma in victims of sexual violence. Through the cases of Emmanuela and Sophie, it demonstrates that these combined approaches reduce the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, strengthen resilience, and improve emotional and social autonomy. Using a qualitative and individualized methodology, including emotion management, exploration of traumatic memories, and relapse prevention, the patients experienced a significant reduction in symptoms, improved self-esteem, and enhanced social skills, with these gains maintained over the long term. The study confirms the importance of the therapeutic alliance and innovates by integrating social and cultural dimensions, thus highlighting the relevance and flexibility of integrative psychotherapies in meeting the specific needs of victims in diverse contexts.
The strong demographic pressure on urban-rural environments in the cities of developing countries is very significant, making their evolution difficult to predict and plan. It is accompanied by serious problems in these areas that migrants do not have the means to address. These include: increasing unemployment, growing insecurity, land tenure, the proliferation of shanty towns, growing impoverishment, lack of urban amenities and services and insufficient housing.
Furthermore, the remarkable fact of the recent history of the city of Lubumbashi is the proliferation of spontaneous neighborhoods and spaces of illegal and irregular occupation.
This proliferation of precarious housing is the consequence of the lack of response from the State and the formal sector to the needs of the population in general, especially city dwellers and new city dwellers who navigate between the city and the countryside at will. economic and food crises.
Over the last four decades, cities in the South have seen the remarkable development of a phenomenon that until then had manifested itself with little force: urbanization. This phenomenon has led to profound changes in land use and multiple transformations of spatial structures.
The objective of this research is to examine how the inhabitants of Luwowoshi adapt to the living conditions generated by the production of housing, the specific configurations of public space and to understand the evolution of urban morphology.
The urban explosion in this district is accelerating and the difficulties of access to land for the populations who live there are becoming more and more accentuated.
In the context of demographic growth of urban populations, problems relating to housing and agricultural productivity activities are more relevant than ever for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Furthermore, the significant growth of unregulated land markets is aggravating inequalities in terms of access to urban resources. In African cities, thousands of people live under the threat of eviction with property titles that can be challenged at any time by the state or private actors. This tenure insecurity manifests itself both in forced «evictions» and other land disputes and in the housing crisis.
Our study aims to provide keys and benchmarks to understand how the land issue was historically constructed as an object of public action, like any land policy adapted to a local context, in particular through the recognition of customary rights. It seems urgent in the city of Lubumbashi, and the Luwowoshi district in particular, that access to housing and property constitute an essential element of a decent living environment.
Our study provides an overview of the precarious socio-economic and environmental conditions of the inhabitants of the spontaneous district of Luwowoshi, in the city of Lubumbashi.
The results presented in this article highlight the difficulties in which the populations live and the problems they encounter. Thus, households get their water from wells (62%), springs (27%), standpipes (8%) and boreholes (1%), while generally not having, an adequate effluent treatment system. They must indeed resort to expedients such as: spreading on the plots (60%), the use of latrines and unconnected toilets (34%), infiltration via a simple hole (5%). The evacuation of solid waste is done according to various methods likely to contaminate the environment and the potability of water: holes (54%), incineration (26%), pit (9%), manure pit (5%), vacant lots (5%), and public ferry (1%).
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