The present investigation is based on the growth that PYMES have had at a national and global level, many of these being of family origin, although many of these are well managed, there are others that do not follow the due processes and approaches that allow them to manage adequately its organizational environment, through the proper use of techniques and a set of plans that are translated into clear, concrete and concise strategies, this study was possible thanks to the collaboration of the two organizations to which a survey was carried out. information, as well as the application of a set of techniques to determine shortcomings on two different fronts, respectively, the contribution of the research and the instruments used to collect information, as well as the use of techniques such as SCRAMPER, were favorable.; Thanks to the results obtained, it was possible to achieve a set of strategies that allow mitigating and improving processes and policies for the customer service area, it was also possible to design a set of strategies that can help create a better work environment and promote an organizational culture. of teamwork. Of the solution alternatives proposed, it is recommended to execute them in the short term, to obtain the benefits proposed in this study, which will serve as a contribution for the small company in attracting more clients and in a better corporate image, while in median labor relations can be strengthened, which will be reflected in better customer service and of course in labor excellence. The important thing that should be highlighted is that by applying the correct organizational design, companies will be able to have comprehensive growth.

We report a case of unilateral mental nerve hypoesthesia following prolonged wearing of mask causing numbness of lower lip and chin. In this case, patient is reassured and advised to avoid injuries to the mouth and lips till they are numb. However, specific treatment is not required.

This paper looks at the way how the hotel sector investigates the community perspectives before starting the community-based corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. This study starts from presenting case studies of some countries that tourism and hospitality industry is one of the drivers of economic growth and prosperity but the communities still have many unresolved problems. This might be because some community-based CSR projects failed to meet community needs and expectations due to the lack of attempt to understand community perspectives before starting the projects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to stimulate the hotel sector to start the community-based CSR from investigating community’ needs. Better understanding and transforming community’ needs into CSR planning and practices can help the hotel sector to cooperate and work with local residents to achieve the CSR goals. This study aims to get information from all three districts in Phuket. Therefore, the multi-stage sampling technique was used because it is useful when individuals of interest are geographically dispersed. In-depth interviews and content analysis were used to collect information and analyze data from eighteen senior managers of five-star hotels in all areas of Phuket. The study’s findings identify the way that the hotel sector apply to investigate the need of the target communities for hotels’ community-based CRS. This study also presents the way that communities apply to inform their problems to the hotel sector.

Intramuscular injections can be life threatening when applied to the wrong area. For this reason, safe areas should be preferred for injection application. This study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intramuscular injection training in the ventrogluteal region (VG) given to nursing students. The research was conducted with a single group using a semi-empirical pre-test, post-test design. The population of the study was composed of the senior nursing students (N=70) studyi ng in Nursing Department of University. The data were collected with survey method. The students were given theoretical and skill training about the VG region, and the students’ knowledge, opinions and preference about the ventrogluteal region were questioned. Descriptive statistical methods and Wilcoxon test in the evaluation of opinions about VG region before and after the training were used. It was determined that the prejudices of the students about injection to VG region changed significantly and positively after the training (90.5%) and their information level increased (p<0.05), but the students had negative thoughts about their self-confidence and about the possible objection of the patients (p>0.05). After the training, 8 students preferred the VG region, while 13 students applied injections to the dorsogluteal region. Although the knowledge level of the students about the VG region has increased and their prejudices have changed positively, there are students who prefer the DG region.

The popularity of video games has led to increased interest in exploring their potential for promoting self-directed learning, as they provide an immersive and engaging platform for learners to develop their skills and knowledge. To investigate the role of motivation and identify effective instructional strategies for promoting self-directed learning in the context of digital pedagogy, a survey was conducted with 70 video gamers, using four-item questions for self-directed learning, the Situational Motivation Scale, and open-ended questions. The Situational Motivation Scale was used to measure both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, including four dimensions: intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation, and amotivation. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, ordinal logistic regression analysis, and thematic analysis to determine the effective instructional strategies. The survey results suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation significantly impact self-directed learning in video games, with intrinsic motivation and identified regulation having a stronger positive impact than external regulation and amotivation. The effective instructional strategies identified were clear and concise instructions, feedback on performance, challenge to think creatively, incorporation of problem-solving and critical thinking elements, and fostering a sense of community. Furthermore, practical recommendations for educators were drawn from these strategies. The findings highlight the importance of considering different types of motivation when designing instructional strategies in digital learning environments and promoting intrinsic motivation in these settings.

Nowadays, it has become important to find different ways to reduce the problems resulting from the textile industry, and one of the most important ways is to replace synthetic dyes with natural dyes, and therefore the research aims to create an integrated and environmentally safe dyeing system by dyeing cotton fabrics with Walnut tree bark extract and improving the dye absorption capacity of cotton by chitosan treatment as well as improving the color fastness properties by simultaneous treatment with environmentally friendly mordants. To achieve these goals several parameters were studied, namely: the dye extraction process, conditions of the chitosan treatment, conditions of the dyeing process, as well as conditions of the fixation process using eco-friendly mordants (citric acid, tannic acid, and ammonium alum). The researcher concluded that the optimal conditions for the dye extraction process, which gives the maximum color value, was the process of soaking the plant powder for two hours at a pH of 5.6 at room temperature, the best concentration of chitosan is 4% (v.w), the curing temperature is 160 ° C for 3 minutes. And that the optimal conditions for the dyeing process are: 80% (v.w) dye extract, pH 6, a temperature of 90 °C, and a dyeing time is 60 minutes. One of the most important recommendations of the researcher was to conduct more research on the application of walnut tree bark extract on different fabrics and use various mordants to develop a wide range of shades as well as study its medicinal properties on natural fabrics.

The overall objective of this paper is to know the structures, increases diametric means and the production of biomass and the amount of carbon sequestered four years later, between 2008 and 2012. The inventory was made in a permanent plot of 9 acres located in the northern block of the permanent device Yoko, whithn which all endividuals Prioria oxyphylla to dbh≥10cm were measured at 1.30m from abive the ground and surveying was materialized by two reds ripes painted and positioned by the coordinates x, y in the first season in 2008. And the second campaign made in 2012, was re-measure the same people and the same places. After the analysis, the total basal area was 1.1031m2 / ha (0.1226 ± 0.113 m2 /ha) in 2008 and that of 2012, it is 1.1599m2 /ha (0.1289 ± 0.1354 m2 /ha). The diametric structures and the years 2008 and 2012 are «S stretched». Diametric annual increases are 0.3 ± 0.46 for dominant and 0.16 ± 0.16 for the dominated. The biomass production increased from 19.5300t/ha (0.4246 ± 0.5545t/ha) in 2008 to 20.6724t/ha (0.4494 ± 0.5638t/ha) in 2012, a gain of about 0.2856t/ha/ Year. While the amount of carbon sequestered is increased from 9.7650t/ha (0.21123 ± 0.2726) in 2008 to 10.3362t/ha (0.2247 ± 0.2819t/ha) in 2012, a gain of the order of 0.1428 t/ha/year. Individuals Prioria oxyphylla are randomly distributed and the dominated are independent of the dominant within the permanent plot of the northern block of Yoko.

In Niger, land degradation affects more than 100,000 hectares of arable land each year in a context where the need for agricultural and forestry products continues to grow. The objectives of this study, conducted in the commune of Kollo, are to evaluate the economic benefits of SLM and to analyze the dynamics of land use. The methodology of the study is based on a double approach, the use of cartography for the analysis of land use/land cover and cost-benefit analysis to calculate the economic benefits. The study took place in the commune of Kollo, precisely in Sakey Koira Tegui, on a silvopastoral site reclaimed in 2005 by the use of the Delfino plow. The main results show a significant regression (-40%) of natural vegetation formations in the commune, an increase (+10%) in degraded land and (+63%) in cultivated land. In terms of the use of ES, 63% of households use biomass from the site, 54% use NTFPs and 27% use wood. For a cost of 54,800 francs for the restoration of one hectare, the Net Present Value is 9,967,634 FCFA over a period of 13 years. Thus, for each franc invested in SLM, the return on investment is 182 francs.

Family farms in Moundou are facing the effects of climate variability. Due to increased rainfall variability and rising temperatures marked by an evolving trend, farm household incomes are increasingly affected. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of climate variability on the incomes of farm managers in order to contribute to a better understanding of the effects of climate variability on family farming. The study uses the Ricardian model to analyze the effects of rainfall and temperature variations and socioeconomic determinants on the incomes of farm managers. Data were collected from 105 farm managers distributed according to their wealth level. The results showed that an increase of 1 mm in average rainfall will lead to an increase of 1.2% FCFA/hectare of agricultural income, i.e., a gain of 1633 FCFA/hectare. On the other hand, a 1% increase in temperature will result in a 5.65% decrease in agricultural income, i.e., a loss of 7,692 FCFA/hectare on average. The analysis of the projected effects of climate variability through scenarios of increases in average temperatures of 1°C and 1.5°C and average annual decreases in rainfall of 5% and 8% showed that income losses will be accentuated. Thus, this situation calls for reflection on appropriate adaptation strategies to mitigate the adverse effects on family farming while taking into account the diversification of family farms.

Onion bulbs production and commercialization is now a powerful tool against poverty in rural areas in Burkina Faso. However, Fusarium basal rot disease caused by a complex of soilborne fungi appears to be a serious threat to growers. The prophylactic methods proposed for its control remain difficult to apply effectively and the most used varieties of onion are susceptible to the disease. In order to work out a palliative solution to this problem, eleven onion varieties marketed in Burkina Faso were screened for their tolerance to fusarium basal rot. The varieties were produced in infested rural area on completely randomized blocs by three producers in three different sites. The harvested bulbs were then tested in the laboratory under artificial inoculation conditions with conidial suspensions of Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani, responsible for the disease. In field, the Noflaye and Gandiol+ varieties were the most tolerant to the disease with respective incidence values ​​of 0 and 1.6% while the Mercedes variety was the most sensitive with an incidence of 16,5%. In the laboratory, all the inoculated varieties developed rot at varying intensities, but the Noflaye and Gandiol+ varieties were still the least rotten. These results recommend the continuation of investigations on these two varieties with a view to their integration into an integrated control program against Fusarium basal rot disease of onion in Burkina Faso.

Currently, the clocking of agents in public companies in the DRC and in particular in the province of Lualaba remains one of the areas that require a lot of attention from managers because the manual clocking that is done to date in Lualaba revenue department, does not allow to maximize the productivity of the company given that the agents who constitute the main workforce, come to the service always in delays sometimes exaggerated for lack of a mechanism of control of the time of arrival of the agents at the service following a clocking in which is done on a sheet where all the agents personally complete the time of arrival at the service and the time of departure, sometimes by filling in the wrong information. Then, exits from the company’s facilities are not controlled, an agent can leave the workplace as many times without a valid reason and for an unacceptable period, which causes several agents to abandon their posts during working hours. because the existing system cannot accurately determine when an agent comes into the office and when an agent leaves the office. The existing system does not know how to manage the cases of absence of agents either, because certain agents can sign the presence on behalf of the other absent agents, which leads the company to pay even the absent ones, which causes a problem of payroll management which takes into account the number of days worked, handicapping the productivity of the organization given that human resources constitute the basic workforce of this department. The use of RFID electronic badge clocking nevertheless remains an effective solution for solving the problems of agent clocking management.

Currently, the DRC wants to be an important place in agriculture, it has set up several support structures for farmers, more particularly in the province of Haut-Katanga. Despite all these efforts, this agriculture is still facing several difficulties related to global warming which has disrupted the usual short rainy season, which forces vegetable gardeners to re-examine the traditional irrigation system taking into account the requirements of each culture. It is in this context that our study will focus on the automation of the irrigation system in the context of market gardening.

Soil fauna significantly influences soil properties. Organic and inorganic fertilization in agriculture, including the amendment with phosphate rock, may affect its presence in soils. This study evaluated the effect of calcined phosphate rock associated with organic matter on the abundance and diversity of soil macrofauna in semi-arid areas of Burkina Faso. Nine treatments were replicated four times each and applied in a complete randomized block design in sorghum and cowpea fields. These treatments were: absolute control (Control) without fertilizer, control with organic matter only (OM), Burkina Phosphate Rock (BPR) with 23 P ha-1, calcined phosphate rock (CPR with 23 P kg ha-1), Triple super phosphate (TSP), complex fertilizer (NPK), CPR ½ +TSP ½, CPR ¾ +TSP ¼, CPR ¼ +TSP ¾ Urea provided N, and KCl supplied K in the BPR and TSP treatments. P was supplied by Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) in the TSP treatment. K and P were supplied by the complex fertilizer NPK in NPK treatment. Results showed that BPR and CPR did not significantly (P˃0.05) improve soil fauna abundance and diversity after two years. Four orders, Coleoptera, Haplotaxida, Hymenoptera, and Isoptera, were largely dominant (more than 50 %) in all treatments, crops, and years. The population diversity of soil macrofauna rises from 0.98 (2021) to 1.49 (2022) in the sorghum field and from 1.16 (2021) to 1.63 (2022) in the cowpea field. Soil macrofauna numbers rise from 24.64 ind/m2 (2021) to 39.59 Ind/m2 (2022) in the cowpea field. Our findings suggest that cultivated soil fauna can be managed more appropriately with fertilizers from phosphate rock by combining organic matter application and cereal-legume associations.

This paper focuses on the improvement of the nonlinear fatigue law of B. Tikri from 2011, which was born from the old laws of Chaboche according to the Basquin model. Several parameters can influence the life of structures in service. It is a question in this work to take into account the influence of the residual stress on the damage law proposed in the literature. Two values of stress relaxation coefficients of 0.5 and 1 have been considered to test the proposed model with two different overload ratios in order to evaluate the influence of overload on steels used in the automotive industry. The ratios were 1.4 and 2.3. Two findings were made, the first is that when the relaxation coefficient is 0.5 the residual stress improves the life but it is far from the experimental case contrary to the case of relaxation coefficient equal to the unit. For the second case, the model is much more satisfactory for overloads of ratio 1.4 than for overloads of ratio 2.3 for HE360D materials. For future designs, the consideration of its residual stresses over the life of parts or structures in service is paramount.

Introduction : The objective of this study was to analyze the organization and operation of local structures for the management of water structures rehabilitated under the National Program of Sanitized Schools and Villages (NPSSV). Methodology : A descriptive case study was conducted during the period from November 15 to 27, 2022. This is a qualitative study in the form of in-depth interviews with 3 focal points of the Health Zones, 9 Titulaires Nurses of the Health Centers and 18 members of the village committee sanitized. Results : The role of the local village committee and the attributions of the members were less clarified before recruitment, which led to the establishment of village committees unable to meet the expectations of the program and the population. Almost all the water structures are out of use, a consequence of the failure of sustainability mechanisms which were poorly defined, inconsistent and unclear, on the one hand, and the slackening of planning, supervision and monitoring activities by the coordination structures, following the cessation of external financing, on the other hand. Despite the presence of a few local members trained in the preventive maintenance of structures, the unavailability of spare parts on the market and the passivity of the hierarchy in the quest for a solution to the problems of repairing malfunctioning structures were major bottlenecks. All villages have lost certification status. Conclusion : Local governance for the sustainable management of drinking water is deficient in post certification. The failure of support structures has had a negative impact on the establishment and operation of local village committees. A reflection on the methods of setting up village committees and on more sustainable things remains the ideal for successful local governance.

The arrival of what’s called the Arab spring, substantially from the morning of 2011 in the countries on the southern reinforcement of the Mediterranean, has upset the European perception of security and stability in the entire region. Thus, the prelaunch of a foursquare and formative dialogue between the European Union and Morocco appears vital. Consideration of Morocco’s new approach to its relations with African countries must be farther integrated into the design of the Euro- Moroccan cooperation. Actually, the operation of operation of migrant overflows is significant in all the processes of rebuilding Euro- Moroccan relations. The dialogue on migration programs is only a reflection of the geostrategic significance that Morocco occupies between Europe and Africa. Accordingly, the strategy of migrant tactfulness, which is followed by Morocco, can only make our country the middleman between European demands and African enterprises. The charge would thus be to make artistic, profitable and demographic differences a source of sustainable and balanced development rather than a question of pressures and misreading.

Tourism is a socioeconomic and environmental activity aimed at discovering new leisure destinations as well as a broad concept encompassing two aspects; mass tourism and sustainable tourism. In parallel with the growth of sport practices, in recent years, the supply and demand for tourism on the sport of nature as the main reason for travelling has increased, while taking into account the value of the geography of sport as a science of society’s space allows us to learn these sports cultures. Geosport is one of the most recent concepts in the field of tourism. it focuses mainly on the promotion of spaces, sports heritage sites and routes as a tourist attractive means through sustainability and sustainable management measures. As a result, the focus on sport tourism should be primarily on geosport as a socioeconomic driver of rural development. This article presents a correlation between scientific contributions that highlight the close link between sport tourism and heritage resources while emphasizing the broad scope of geosport. These contributions allow us to better understand how geosport has evolved over time and to identify future challenges. Also, it is part of a series of studies surveying theoretical and empirical work in the field of tourism, sport and geography.

Different HM (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Hg, Co, Mn, Cr, Ni) of different concentrations (50ppm, 100ppm, 200ppm, 400ppm, 800ppm) was used to investigate the activity of CAT in germinating melon seeds (Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus) in different interval of time 24hours, 48hours and 72hours. The HM which was obtained in form of Chlorides, Sulphates, and acetates was used to prepare solutions of different concentrations which was used to moist the melon seeds for artificial germination. Deionized water was used as the control. The enzyme activity was estimated according to the method of Hara and Irwin (1972). It was observed that CAT activity had a significant increase when compared to the control, except with Pb for 48hours, Fe for 72hours and Cr for 72hours in C. lanatus, and Ni for 72hours in C. sativus. The decrease in the CAT activity coursed the HM (s) at time of exposure when compared to the control indicated inhibition of the enzyme activity. It was also observed that C. sativus had high tolerance of HM induced oxidative stress more than C. lanatus, since only Ni inhibited the activity of CAT in C. sativus.

Studies on incubators have evolved greatly in recent years. However, it is only recently that researchers have begun to focus their work on the question of the performance of these structures. Various research studies have been carried out to identify indicators of success and to design tools to evaluate and measure the performance of these organizations, but few have examined the background and key success factors of these incubators from a modeling perspective. Therefore, we believe that a synthesis of the factors and models leading to incubator performance remains a priority, allowing for a better understanding of the links and effects of each factor as a whole. This article, therefore, attempts to remedy this lack, and proposes a synthesis of scientific research work dealing with the question of the determinants of performance of incubation support structures. In this work we have tried to present a review of the main models that emerge from the literature in order to explain how incubators can gain in efficiency. Based on a methodology that combines the steps of qualitative systemic literature review and snowball methods of article identification, this work has identified three main models based on two main theories: the real options model, the RBV model and the multidimensional model.

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella in food products of animal origin intended for human consumption, sold in the local market of the prefecture of Rabat. 631 samples were taken between July 2020 and December 2022. The isolation of Salmonella was carried out using the NMISO7965-1 (2017) method. All the Salmonella isolated were confirmed by the Maldi-Tof mass spectrometry method (Biotyper – Sirius IVD System). Of the 631 samples examined, Salmonella was isolated in 3.01% (19/631) of the samples. The prevalence of Salmonella by product is respectively 16.95% in red meat, 12.73% in poultry meat, 1.54% in fish products and 0.51% in dairy products. Salmonella was not isolated from eggs and from ready to eat food. Salmonella can be transmitted to human populations through the consumption of food contaminated with Salmonella, it is a worrying public health problem in Morocco.

The acute transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia has become a rare event since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Less than 3% of patients with CML transform to a megakaryoblastic leukemia. The diagnosis represents a challenge, due to the frequent association with myelofibrosis, thus requiring an osteo-medullar biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. We report the case of a megacaryoblastic blast crisis associated with myelofibrosis in a CML young female patient. A 32-year-old woman previously diagnosed with CML in chronic phase, on Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, presents with a clinical bone marrow failure. Blood counts showed pancytopenia. A peripheral blood smear revealed the presence of 30% blast cells, with a round nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and a very basophilic cytoplasm with cytoplasmic blebs. The diagnosis of a blast crisis in CML was retained. Bone marrow aspiration was practiced twice, and came back poor both times. A bone marrow biopsy practiced later confirming the diagnosis of acute leukemia associated to myelofibrosis. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry was performed on peripheral bood, and revealed a blast population (76%) positive for CD45 (mild) and expressing the following markers CD33, CD34, CD41 and CD61, confirming the diagnosis of acute megacaryoblastic leukemia. Based on clinical presentation, bone marrow findings and flow cytometry, the diagnosis of CML with megakaryoblastic crisis associated to myelofibrosis at a 32-year-old woman was retained.

This article proposes an experimentation of an evaluation tool, the portfolio, in the formative evaluation of trainee teachers in the college cycle. A grid of criteria will allow, and the follow-up, and the visibility of the evolution of the training of these future teachers of the sciences of the life and the earth to the Regional Center of the Trades of Education and the Training (CRMEF) of Tangier in 2017. Thus, it is clear from the results obtained by using the portfolio as an evaluation instrument that can be adapted to different learning/teaching situations, that the trainees appear to be more involved in the training process. This instrument is able to stimulate their self-evaluation. They are thus made aware of the importance of evaluation and given responsibility for it thanks to the added value that the portfolio offers them. It allows trainees to become aware of their strengths, to value their work and also to measure the progress of their skills by rectifying and correcting their own mistakes.

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are profoundly transforming contemporary archival science. Thus, archives, libraries, documentation services and documentary information science actors come up against several dilemmas/technological obstacles such as the management of the hardware and software infrastructure of the services, obsolescence and the fragility of the supports, the volumetric growth of the supports to name but a few. Faced with these obstacles, the traditional skills of the specialist in documentary information are called into question and his career takes shape in an uncertain way. An updating of the profiles of the skills of actors in the management of documentary information is unprecedented. This leads to the review of university and professional training programs followed by themes in capacity building and knowledge management. Archival sciences, librarianship and documentary engineering are at the heart of the dematerialization carried by several more or less related disciplines, and which are the subject of the additional skills that documentary information specialists are supposed to provide. Our article will reveal this aspect of interdisciplinarity which represents a weapon to defy the digital locks/handcuffs that arise for actors in the archiving, librarianship, and documentation professions. The article conducted by surveys and interviews allows us to constitute an up-to-date profile of the skills necessary for the management of information on several counts. We also look at the key skills and qualities documentary information professionals must possess to succeed in today’s digital environment.

Work in the field of fire and smoke detection is becoming an increasingly covered subject. Conventional algorithms use exclusively models based on feature vectors. These vectors are difficult to define and depend largely on the type of fire being treated. These traditional methods give results with low detection rates and high false classification rates. The current trend is to take an innovative approach to solving this problem by using an algorithm to automatically determine useful features to classify fire and smoke. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network to identify fire and smoke from real-time images. Convolutional neural networks have shown their great performance in the field of object classification. Tested on real image sequences, the proposed approach achieves better classification performance than conventional methods. These results clearly indicate that the use of convolutional neural networks for fire detection is very encouraging.

Malnutrition and particularly undernutrition and intestinal parasites represent a real public health issue in developing countries. In order to highlight the nutritional and parasitic status of the populations, a cross-sectional study was carried out in the rural commune of Niou. The objective of this study was to determine the different prevalences both in terms of nutritional and parasitic status. A total of 380 people took part in the study, of which 61.84% were women. Overall, 69.2% of the study population had a normal nutritional status, 24.2% suffered from malnutrition due to deficiency and 6.6% suffered from obesity or overweight. At least one in two people in our study population harbored a parasite in their digestive tract, an overall prevalence of 58.95. Among the subjects in a situation of nutritional deficiency, 61.95% were parasitized against 57.79% of parasitized in people with normal nutritional status and 56.0% in subjects in a situation of overweight or obesity. In total, 58.72% of women were carriers of parasites against 59.31% in men. Gender as well as sociodemographic situation are not determining factors for the occurrence of malnutrition and intestinal parasites. It is necessary in the fight against malnutrition and parasites in the population of Niou, to guarantee not only adequate food and hygiene but also to combine it with an effective treatment against intestinal parasites.

Introduction: The partograph is the particular tool for monitoring childbirth, maternal and newborn health when used correctly. The misuse of it and/or its absence constitutes a real danger for the parturient and the newborn. Material and Method: Sixty-two (62) nurses in three health facilities in the city of Kisantu in the province of Kongo-central in the DR. Congo were followed in the maternities. The observational survey method in a cross-sectional quantitative approach was used. The results are presented as percentage and mean compliance and partogram completeness. Results: It appears from this study that the population of respondents is made up only of registered nurses (24.2%), basic graduates (37.1%) and graduates (38.7%). Their professional seniority varies from 4 to 26 years; 50% opens the partograph when the parturient arrives; the average knowledge of the partogram is 20.3% and the consideration of the parameters of the partogram is 33%. Conclusion: The observance and completeness of the partogram by nurses in the city of Kisantu is largely low compared to the prescriptions of the WHO and the ICM.

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a human infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. This disease currently occurs in 33 countries with tropical, subtropical and temperate climates in the Americas, Asia, the Western Pacific and Africa. In Côte d’Ivoire, the endemic foci of BU are distributed in the central, central-western, western, south-western and north-eastern regions. Our study was to examine insects likely to carry Mycobacterium ulcerans. Aquatic Heteroptera were therefore collected from ponds and identified. They were then tested for Mycobacterium ulcerans by real-time PCR using a set of primers and probes targeting the IS2404 gene. Thirty-six (36) species of aquatic insects belonging to nine families and 21 genera have been identified. The Naucoridae family has the largest number of species (nine species) or 25%. Real-time PCR tests carried out on monospecific batches (345 batches) revealed 18 positive batches, i.e. 5.22%. Sokrogbo and Vieil Alkodj localities respectively recorded prevalences of 7.62 (16 positive lots out of 210 lots in total) and 1.48% (2 positive lots out of 135 in total). The improvement of our knowledge on the natural infestation of the Heteroptera studied as well as the human presence in the ponds of Vieil Aklodj and Sokrogbo allow us to better understand the risk of contracting Buruli ulcer.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin’s gland is a rare tumor. Its management is inspired by the treatment of vulvar cancers. We present here a clinical case of a 28-year-old female patient who presented with a painful swelling of the left labia majora, which was mistaken for simple bartholinitis and treated medically without improvement. A biopsy was then performed, and the histopathological study revealed a cystic adenoid carcinoma of the Bartholin gland. The radiological workup showed a locally advanced left vulvar process, without distant metastasis. Due to the impossibility of surgery, concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed, with good improvement. The rarity of this type of vascular cancer makes its diagnosis late, because it is often confused with bartholin gland cyst and bartholinitis. Moreover, its management is still not standardized.

Colloid carcinoma of the breast is a rare histological entity, representing only 1 to 6% of all breast carcinomas. It affects a specific population and is known for its favorable prognosis compared to other breast cancers. Through three clinical cases of colloid carcinoma and a review of the literature, we will try to discuss the main clinical-pathological and evolutionary characteristics of this rare form of breast cancer.

One of the biggest problems with landfilling waste is the landfill leachate that is produced when water passes through the waste. The composition of the leachate obviously depends on the nature of the buried waste, the presence of fermentable organic matter and the climatic conditions combined with the mode of operation of the site. The objective of this study is to make a physicochemical characterization of leachate from two public landfills in Brazzaville. To carry out this characterization, we made a series of leachate sampling from December 2021 to February 2022. The potentiometric and colorimetric methods were used for the determination or different parameters. During this period, the physicochemical analyzes carried out on these samples revealed high levels of biodegradable organic matter, with nitrates, chlorides and phosphates levels below the WHO standard. For the metals, we note the total absence of Pb in the two landfills. The Fe, Zn, and Cu contents do not exceed the WHO standard, while the Cd content for tsiémé landfill exceeds the WHO standard. The average value of the ratio (BOD5/COD) is 0.34 for the two sites, which shows that it is the intermediate leachate.

This work aims to evaluate the antimalarial biological activities of medicinal plant extracts namely Artemisia annua, Alisicarpus ovalifolius and Securidaka longepediculata. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts of these plants revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, phenols and terpenes. Toxicity tests according to the method proposed by OECD have made it possible to conclude that the plant extracts are not toxic. The tests were carried out on mice, inoculated intraperitoneally with Plasmodium berghei. These animals were divided into eleven groups of five, nine of which each received a dose of the extract to be tested and the other two, distilled water for the negative control and arthemether for the positive control. The different extracts showed various antimalarial activities using the four-day Peters test on infected mice. Artemisia annua gave the highest parasitaemia reduction percentages with 87.2; 96.8 and 96% respectively at doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, while Alisicarpus ovalifolius recorded 61.6; 71.20 and 80.8% respectively at the same doses. Securidaka longepediculata extracts gave low percentage reductions in parasitaemia. Statistical analysis reveals that the extracts showed a significant difference compared to the negative control (P<0.05).

The stem borer Eldana saccharina infestation level on Borotou-Koro sugar complex is very alarming. However, effective control methods are not yet very developed against this pest. In order to better understand and guide the search for a lasting solution, it is necessary to master the biology and ecology of this insect pest. It is in this context that this study was conducted at Borotou-Koro agricultural integrated unit. It aims to inventory the natural enemies of Eldana saccharina, in this case the parasitoids present on the sugarcane plots. To do this, borer larvae and pupae were collected from the sugarcane plots and reared in the laboratory. The results obtained indicate that three Lepidoptera species of stem borer are present on the Borotou-Koro sugar complex: Eldana saccharina (98.4%), Sesamia calamistis (1.53%) and Sesamia inferens (0.07%). The parasitism rate of E. saccharina larvae and pupae is low (3.29%). Six species of parasitoid auxiliaries of Eldana saccharina have been identified including a larval parasitoid (Sphaephoria sp), a larval-pupae parasitoid (Lycoriela auripila) and four pupae parasitoids (Trichopeza sp, Proctotrupes sp, Proconura nigripes, Psilochalcis sp). Fusarium spp has also been identified as a parasite of Eldana saccharina larvae. These six parasitoid species come from two families which are the Diptera estimated at 3.32% and the Hymenoptera which represents 96.68% of the percentage of parasitoids encountered. Thus, the Borotou-Koro sugar complex is full of several species of Eldana saccharina parasitoids on these sugarcane plots. Eldana saccharina larvae and pupae rate of parasitism is substantially identical for all the varieties of cane encountered. However, the parasitism rate of pupae varies greatly from one sector to another and is higher in rainfed conditions than in irrigated conditions.

The communication strategy to increase the practice of Physical Activities and Sports (PAS) within the population remains topical in public development policies. It is on the strength of this observation that the ministerial department in charge of sports has entered into a partnership with the mobile telephone operator TELECEL Faso for the sending of the «Short Message System» of invitation to practice. The general objective of this article is to analyze the effect of SMS on the regular practice of physical and sports maintenance activities by the population in the city of Ouagadougou. The data was collected using a quantitative approach from 299 practitioners. The results obtained reveal that the SMS of TELECEL Faso do not have an effect on the regularity of the practice of APS in the city of Ouagadougou. All of the actors questioned are part of the perspective of improving the quality and quantity of SMS with diversification of the source of distribution. This study helps inform decision-makers on the strategies to be optimized with a view to generalizing the practice of sport.

This study of didactic obedience compared the practices of three PE teachers intervening in the first session of the second learning situation in third grade with reference to the official prescriptions in the matter. It took place at CEG Goho and CEG Avogbanan in the center and then at CEG Banikanni in northern Benin. The theoretical grounding is inspired by the anthropological theory of didactics (Paun, 2006; Perrenoud, 1998; Chevallard, 1992), the model of evaluative practices (Grenier and Beaudoin, 2012) and the concepts mobilized by comparatists (Mercier, Schubauer- Leonie, Sensevy, 2002). The study of documents, the audio-visual recording of three sessions, the pre-session interview and the post-session interview are the techniques used with reference to the triangulation of Amade-Escot and Leutenegger (2013), Leutenegger (2009; 2003), Amade-Escot (2003) inspired by Van Der Maren (1996). The analyzed and discussed results make it possible to affirm that elements of genericity and specificity emerge from the implementation or not of the initial situation, the progress of the diagnostic evaluation and the implementation of the six stages planned for the first session of a learning situation. The teachers’ reports to the official prescriptions and to the APS help to explain this situation.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the improvement indices and the agro-morphological diversity of Ceratotheca sesamoides accessions from the Sudan-Sahelian and Sudanian climatic zones of Burkina Faso. For this purpose, a randomized Fisher block design with three replications was set up. Univariate analysis was used to evaluate the level of diversity and the varietal improvement indices. The evaluation of the links between the traits was done by Person’s correlation test. The structuring of the diversity was done by multivariate analyses. The results of this experiment reveal the existence of a high agro-morphological diversity on several traits. This diversity made it possible to divide the accessions collected into four groups. Of these, group I is made up of the best performing accessions. The best performing traits were dry and fresh leaf biomass, plant height and number of primary branches. The genetic parameters recorded that Group I accessions are best suited in a breeding and development program for the creation of varieties that meet the needs of producers. The study assessed the level of diversity, diversity structuring and improvement indices.

Fermentation is a crucial post-harvest step for obtaining the aromatic and sensory characteristics of quality cocoa that meets international requirements. This work has made it possible to list the fermentation media for cocoa beans currently used in the major cocoa production areas in Côte d’Ivoire. To do this, a questionnaire was established and allowed by interviews and direct observations in order to collect information on the new fermentation media in use. In total, nine hundred and nineteen (919) producers were surveyed. This research work has made it possible, through a survey, to show that the main cocoa production areas in Côte d’Ivoire today use new supports for the fermentation of cocoa beans for various reasons. These are five (5) currently used fermentation media in addition to those known but has different proportions depending on the area surveyed and those for several difficulties they face. Our results also made it possible to obtain the fermentation time according to the medium used and whether stirring was allowed during the fermentation. A principal component analysis revealed three groups of producers according to the supports used and their motivation with a strong correlation between the supports and the motivation.

The object of this study concerns the definition of the independent administrative authorities, its genesis and its evolution in Morocco and within the compared systems. The study also demonstrates that some analyzes try to give a narrow definition to independent administrative authorities and only see those who dwell on administrative decisions as the only one that can be considered an independent administrative authority. While other analyzes give it a broad definition, estimating that the mere fact of issuing opinions, proposals and recommendations is enough to consider it an independent administrative authority. Finally, the study focuses on the delegation of regulatory power to independent administrative authorities as well as their participation in public decision-making.

In the department of Daloa, one of the main agricultural areas of Côte d’Ivoire, the change in land use is so enormous that it threatens the ecosystems and, with them, the services provided, in particular the stabilization of the climate via carbon storage in vegetation and soils. Thus, one of the major environmental challenges to be met in this department is to determine, among the crops grown, those that have a significant potential for reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere by conserving existing carbon reservoirs in the soil. This is the objective that was targeted in the present study. It consisted in choosing in three different villages, three same crops (cocoa tree, hevea and oil palm) among the most practiced. The physico-chemical properties of the soils were determined from three soil pits located on a useful plot of 10000 m2, by land use. The carbon stocks contained in the first 100 to 120 cm of the soils were calculated. It emerged that soils under cocoa trees store carbon better than soils under hevea. The latter have greater potential than soils under oil palms. However, the stocks measured remain low overall, which shows that the farming practices assessed should be improved.

Since the 1970s, Tunisia has made FDI one of the pillars of its economic and social development policy. To do this, it has pursued an increasingly welcoming policy of attractiveness which has made it possible to increase the flow of FDI received by the country. FDI is expected to contribute to the country’s industrial development, technology transfer, increased exports and above all, job creation. Indeed, the country suffers during these last years from a relatively high rate of unemployment which makes the social situation more and more difficult and which pushes the inhabitants to leave the country in a legal or illegal way in order to improve their levels of life. It is precisely in this context that we endeavor to analyze and take stock of the contribution of FDI to job creation and subsequently to the reduction of migratory flows.

News discourse, especially in television, is more relevant than ever in light of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) evolutions. News television channels broadcast almost the same main information across the world. Thus, the challenge is no longer exclusively the content, but also, above all, the form of the content presented on TV screens. The information process depends both on what is said and shown and on what carries this content. In this regard, we should attempt to identify the general aesthetics of news media. To reach this goal, we should answer these questions: which discourse components appeal to the public’s sensitivity? What is the difference between « Applied Media Aesthetics » and general aesthetics of television news discourse? Throughout this article, we tried to answer the above mentioned questions in an attempt to identify the aesthetics of television news discourse.

The goal of this study is to identify factors promoting a community mutual health insurance creation in Lubero town. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study that was conducted among 384 household’s chiefs. To collect data, we used questionnaire technique and group discussion with the key informants of Lubero Town. The results of this study show that: the quality health care offered to the population by the existing health structures, the population awareness of community mutual health insurance guidelines are social factors of its formation in Lubero town. Then, economic development dynamics, real and priority need, household income, joining will, contribution intentions and members’ willingness to fund are economic factors promoting creation of a community mutual health insurance in Lubero town. Finally, democratically elected association managers, regular meetings, administrative documents, proper finances management, layout of health accommodations to receive mutual members are institutional factors that promote its creation in Lubero town.

In D.R. Congo, environmental degradation remains visible even though the primary school curriculum includes Environmental Education (EE) as a subject to be taught to school children. This situation worries the educational actors and shows that primary school teachers do not positively influence their pupils to become national actors of environmental protection. The aim of this study is to explore the didactic strategies that teachers use in teaching Environmental Education in the final grade of primary school. It was conducted in the city of Bunia, in the province of Ituri, a region rich in natural resources. According to the main findings, 68.5% of the teachers still use traditional methods during environmental education lessons, 96.8% of the teachers do not apply the approaches and strategies of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development (EESD Strategies) in their respective lessons, 85.7% of the teachers plan the content of the curriculum to be taught according to the vertical plan, 89.5% of the teachers apply the objective approach while neglecting the competency-based approaches. The seniority of the teachers and the management regime influence their didactic strategies. The constraints noted are pedagogical, material and administrative. In order for teachers to improve their didactic strategies, they will have to undergo continuous training in the didactics of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development in the professional environment.

In this work, we studied the influence of the irradiation energy and the magnetic field on the diode current of a solar cell in frequency dynamic regime under monochromatic illumination. After solving the minority charge carrier continuity equation in the presence of irradiation energy and magnetic field, we derive new expressions for the minority charge carrier density and the diode current. Starting from these equations, we have represented the profiles of the latter according to some parameters finally to highlight the effect of the irradiation energy and the magnetic field on the diode current.

All the threats to the environment today are due to economic activities carried out without ecological precautions and this everywhere in the world. To mitigate the effects of these, several legal, judicial and institutional practices are called to awakening. Hence the emergence and validity of good governance in the mining sector. Some laws in the world do not better ensure the protection of the environment. It is who if the future of the environment is not guaranteed, it will cause inconvenience to future generations. Concerning the DR Congo for example where we find in the mining legislation the application of strong sustainability, which is based on the monopoly to exploit everything and reinvest in other sectors. The designer of this system was not wrong; on the other hand, it is incompatible with certain States like the DRC where the management is not well ensured by the rulers.

Economic recovery being a major concern for several African countries, they are doing everything to attract investors. The question of CSR always goes hand in hand with the life of companies in their operating phase, in order to ensure good governance of the business climate. Thus, in some African countries (in the DRC in particular) the issue of CSR remains calamitous. The whole problem experienced by local Congolese communities is linked to the fact that internal laws do not recognize the right of these communities to initiate legal action alone against the company’s bad promises. The question of the legal personality of Congolese local communities finds merit in the forestry code. This code limits the right of these, in particular the representation of local communities in justice. On the ground, several emerging companies make promises to local communities, the execution of which does not reach 1/3 of the promises made. Thus, in Congolese law, the question of CSR remains in the traditional conception where all the promises made depend on the will of the promising and not a legal obligation with binding measures in the event of non-performance. Recognizing the legal personality of the local community is not enough, on the other hand it must also be recognized the right to sue alone without going through intermediaries who sometimes stifle the claims of local communities.

In the context of demographic growth of urban populations, problems relating to housing and agricultural productivity activities are more relevant than ever for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, the significant growth of unregulated land markets is aggravating inequalities in terms of access to urban resources. In African cities, thousands of people live under the threat of eviction with property titles that can be challenged at any time by the state or private actors. This tenure insecurity manifests itself both in forced «evictions» and other land disputes and in the housing crisis. Our study aims to provide keys and benchmarks to understand how the land issue was historically constructed as an object of public action, like any land policy adapted to a local context, in particular through the recognition of customary rights. It seems urgent in the city of Lubumbashi, and the Luwowoshi district in particular, that access to housing and property constitute an essential element of a decent living environment.

Our study provides an overview of the precarious socio-economic and environmental conditions of the inhabitants of the spontaneous district of Luwowoshi, in the city of Lubumbashi. The results presented in this article highlight the difficulties in which the populations live and the problems they encounter. Thus, households get their water from wells (62%), springs (27%), standpipes (8%) and boreholes (1%), while generally not having, an adequate effluent treatment system. They must indeed resort to expedients such as: spreading on the plots (60%), the use of latrines and unconnected toilets (34%), infiltration via a simple hole (5%). The evacuation of solid waste is done according to various methods likely to contaminate the environment and the potability of water: holes (54%), incineration (26%), pit (9%), manure pit (5%), vacant lots (5%), and public ferry (1%).

In response to the lack of fast-growing fry, Côte d’Ivoire introduced an improved strain of Oreochromis niloticus from Brazil. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the zootechnical performance of this strain before its dissemination in the farming environment, in comparison with the local strain. To do so, fingerlings with an average weight of 45.45 ± 5.1 g for the « Bouaké » strain and 50.05 ± 0.28 g for the « Brazil » strain were stocked in 175 m2 ponds at a density of 2.2 fry per m2. They were fed three different feeds (Imported Industrial Feed (A2I), Local Industrial Feed (AIL) and Local Feed (AL)) for 150 days. Although there was no significant difference between the strains, the survival rates, which ranged from 97.67 ± 0.80 to 100%, were numerically higher for the Bouaké strain than for the Brazil strain. The daily growth rates of the « Brazil » and « Bouaké » strains were respectively 3.18 and 2.20 g with A2I, 2.24 and 1.89 g with AIL, and 1.67 and 1.15 g with AL. Feed conversion ratio of the «Brazil» and «Bouaké» strains were 2.87 and 3.20 respectively with A2I, 3.57 and 3.88 with AIL, and 4.05 and 4.27 with AL. The yields obtained for the « Brazil » and « Bouaké » strains were 230.38 and 176.21 Kg/a/yr with A2I, 164.07 and 135.72 Kg/a/yr with AIL, and 124.78 and 95.06 Kg/a/yr with AL, respectively. The growth of the « Brazil » strain is higher than that of « Bouaké » by 23 to 45%. The « Brazil » strain showed better growth performance and productivity compared to the « Bouake » strain regardless of the feed used.

This research focuses on the question of whether arts use in education can be shown to increase levels of creativity and affect the academic achievement in middle school of low socioeconomic backgrounds. Multi-method approach was chosen for the present study. The operationalization of creativity was based on its definition as a cognitive skill but took two different perspectives: one of creativity as a product and the other of creativity as a process. The methods used to explore the problematic were quantitative, in the form of standardized creativity testing and grade point averages analyzing, combined with descriptive observation. The use of these different procedures contributes to scientific validity. Results show a positive correlation between the artistic program of research and the improvement of the cognitive skill creativity in the Moroccan middle school. However, quantitative creativity testing results left some questions on validity and reliability, and the grade points analysis has proven almost no relationship between arts use in education and academic achievement. Creativity did demonstrate to be more methodically understood when examined in the context of the creative process, and the quantitative testing could be combined to a qualitative study ensuring the validity of research in this case. Finally, the present research led to numerous discussion points and recommendation for future research.

The Geographic Information System today plays a fundamental role in the life of organizations given its direct impact on its strategic and operational areas is built thanks to the contribution of materials provided by three main parameters: digital, electricity and geography, prototype tested at the National Electricity Company of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The advantage of this model is that the data is stored in the server so that the users - customers of the electricity network have access to it with a positive impact not only on the technical and commercial management of sales centers but also on the control system of senior management in real time. The data thus collected in the field made it possible to constitute a database for the operators of the electricity network. The aggregation of the above-mentioned elements has made it possible to develop an effective and efficient geographic information system, therefore efficient, and this by hybridization between database management software, vector drawing and image processing, for decision-making at the level of the company’s organizational management system.

Our study focuses on the modeling of infrared radiation heating and the optimal control of the heating process of preforms used in the manufacturing process of PET bottles. In the manufacture of a bottle by injection blow molding, the heat treatment of the preform plays an essential role. In this work, we have set up an approach which goes from the phenomenological modeling of heat exchanges (conduction, radiation, convection) and which lead to partial differential equations until the numerical integration of these equations. The approach used is that based on finite elements, since the partial differential equations make it difficult to understand the behavior of the physical system. This choice is due to the fact that it allows to solve numerically the systems with complex geometry. The term source of radiation integrated into the heat equation was calculated with a Beer-Lambert law applied to each ray emitted by halogen lamps. The objective is to calculate, under a single digital simulation platform, the complete thermal mapping of the preform as it leaves the oven. It is therefore, using numerical simulation in Matlab, to be able to first predict the longitudinal temperature mapping of the preform, as well as a state representation of the system simulating the temporal temperature profile during of the heating phase. Secondly, it is about the optimal control of the heating process. This optimization consists of limiting the optimization variables included in the interval (90°C

This article aims to highlight the different manifestations of wandering and their impact on the characters. From an approach based on narratology and sociocriticism, the article has shown that the text gives to read a scriptural wandering which is manifested by spatio-temporal anachronisms and intercalated narratives. This form of wandering is the reflection of the narrator’s physical wandering, which prefigures itself as the manifestation of a consciousness that has lost its bearings and is seeking to define itself. The tumultuous course of the narrator also refers to a mental wandering in a crooked universe marked by the inhuman actions of the genociders who prefigure animality. Through the writing of wandering, the article shows that the novel is an outlet for the suffering and frustration of the characters. Therefore, it promotes what founds the need for a new humanism.

Introduction: Faced with the growing phenomenon of urbanization and the need to adapt health services to the urban context, this article describes the catchment area and the profile of the patient who attended the two urban medical health centers (CSMU) set up, as part of an action research, in the city of Goma, Eastern Democratic Republic of (DRC). Methods: This is a retrospective observational study based on registry and patient record data from April 2019 to December 2021. Data collected on tablets were analyzed using statistical software STATA 14.1. Results: 14.433 patients attended both CSMUs during the period. Both CSMUs experienced attraction beyond the health areas of implantation (26.7%). The profile of the patient is predominantly female (62.3%), educated (70.5% graduated at least in the humanities), adult (44.9% aged 18 to 49), registered with the CSMU in 19.6% of cases. The reason for consultations is dominated by infectious (55.2%) and parasitic (10.6%) diseases, followed by chronic diseases (26.9%) and trauma (2.6%) (p <0.001). In more than 90% of cases, the care involves 3 different skills (medical, nurses and social worker) of the multidisciplinary team. Discussion and Conclusion: The catchment area and patient profile found show the interest of rethinking the way urban health services are organized in order to better meet the expectations of urban populations.