Inclusive education is a challenge for modern societies and is part of the effort to consolidate the democratisation of education. It is a challenge to the transformation of educational establishments and teaching practices. The study of the issue of inclusion in physical and sports education is based on a methodology involving surveys of teachers and observation of educational practices. Individual semi-directive interviews were combined with the analysis of practices to give greater consistency to the results. The analysis reveals major challenges, including the need to transform the socio-cultural environment, train teachers in the culture of inclusive education and adapt teaching methods to take account of the educational needs of all. The presence of disability in schools may well provide an opportunity to promote innovations in teaching, especially in terms of content and methods. The configuration, operation and practices of educational institutions also need to be adapted to the inclusion paradigm. Schools have not yet capitalised on their experience in terms of singling out pupils and differentiating teaching to make a break with the past and start a real revolution.