Several mineralizations types are associated with ophiolite of Bou Azzer (i) in transition area the nickel mineralization are scattered (ii) podiform chromite deposits and associated PGE (iii) gold and palladium mineralization of Bleida Far West cashed by basic rocks of cumulates (vi) hydrothermal stockworks mineralizations of cobalt, nickel, arsenic and gold of Bou Azzer. The genesis of those mineralizations is result of both hydrothermal and tectono-magmatic processes.The results show that a primary paragenesis of magmatic origin with pentlandite, chromospinelle, and cobaltiferous and nickeliferous magnetite has been highlighted in Ambed massive where the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks is partial, and it is probably associated with Fe sulphides. However, the mineralogical assemblages identified in Aghbar and Bou Azzer East massive where serpentinization is total are composed on secondary minerals of polydymite cobaltiferous, millerite cobaltiferous, orcelite and magnetite cobalti-nickeleferous. These mineralizations could come during serpentinization from mutation of a primary mineral pargenesis formed on olivine and pentlandite+pyrrhotite aggregates. For chromite mineralization, the Scanning Electron Microscope observations show a textural relationship between serpentine minerals and chromite crystals which reflect a precocious serpentinization setting on same time of chromite pods. The genesis of cobaltiferous hydrothermal mineralizations is basically related to the serpentinization process. In tectonical term, serpentinization modify serpentine plasticity and provide doming phenomenon and has important contribution on genesis and structural context of Bou Azzer mineralized corps. In chemical level, serpentinization control the mobility of nickel and cobalt exist in primary ultramafic minerals which marked in arsenides, sulfides and iron oxides.

"Pregnancy is special, let's make it safe" was the slogan of the 1998 world health day. This worldwide focus on safe motherhood comes as the safe motherhood initiative, launched in 1987, starts into its second decade. According to UNFPA (State of population 2010) 360 mothers per 1000 die of pregnancy in Bangladesh, against 420 in India and 500 in Pakistan due to pregnancy and its related complications .The women are inferior by nature and motherhood, with its domestic role in the family, is their natural place is upheld by strong cultural and mythological and religious beliefs. These beliefs are very strong in Bangladesh. In our society women opinion about pregnancy and child birth is recognized by his family as well as the society .She is not controller of her own body. Despite fertility transition and impressive success of the immunization campaign, the other health indicators are still remaining behind. 67 % of pregnant mothers do not receive antenatal care, 92 % of deliveries take place at home and only 12 % deliveries are attended by trained personnel. This situation cannot allow to be continued. The intervention that make the motherhood safe are known and the resources needed are obtainable .The necessary services are neither sophisticated nor very expensive and reducing maternal mortality is one of the cost effective strategies available in the area of public health. This study was conducted among mothers who had children or were currently pregnant with the objective is to examine the possible association between certain socio-economic, cultural and some other background variables of conception in order to understand more clearly how important these factors are in explaining the observed levels of Reproductive Health status.

Software Testing is a part of software engineering which helps to identify failure or defect in advance to give quality to the product. Regression testing is an important aspect of testing field in which modified part of the software will be tested to ensure that no new errors will be generated into previously tested code. Regression test suite is typically large so that a method or technique should select for test cases which will give effectiveness to the software and also reduces the overall cost. In this kind of situation test case prioritization technique is used to give the effectiveness to the software. It organizes test cases in an order such that, test case having high priority will be executed first through which effectiveness will be increases. Performance goal of test case prioritization is fault detection; number of faults will be detected quickly during testing process, code coverage and reliability.

Macroalgae are a good element for assessing the ecological quality of coastal waters. As such, this indicator has been included in the strategy for monitoring coastal water masses. In view of results on this parameter during this first campaign determining the diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of marine algae in all stations concerned by the study, we were able to evaluate the health of the study area coast water mass. The algae distribution differs from one station to the other according to the season and according to human factors, to give a water mass at low quality.

After an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of operating the Agbaou gold mine work, the company ENDEAVOUR MINING agreed to create a refuge area for biodiversity, its gold site. The present study was conducted to assess the plant diversity of this site, and its value for the conservation of flora. Floristic inventories were made in plots of 200 m2 where the presence / absence of all plant species were noted. Circumferences of tree species with dbh ? 5 cm were measured. The particular status species have been identified. Diversity indices were calculated as well as the importance values for tree species. The inventory has identified 358 species of which 31 are among those classified as rare, threatened or having different levels of endemism. These are species such as Cola lorougnonis and Drypetes singroboensis considered by national botanists as missing ivorian flora. The most important tree species are Celtis zenkeri, Pterygota macrocarpa, Mansonia altissima, Ricinodendron heudelotii, Ceiba pentandra and Nesogordonia papaverifera. All these timber species are very popular in the area because overexploitation. Shannon index varies from 1.3 to 3.57 showing a variation in level of plots degradation. The example of the Forest reserve D

The compression ratio displays a dominant role in the performance of reciprocating I.C engine. All the methods to increase the power output bring along with them a host of various other problems. For instance, increasing engine speed imposes dynamic load factors and increased wear thereby reducing reliability and life. High turbo-charging results in very high peak pressures and also higher thermal loads. One method of solving high-pressure problem encountered when the specific output is increased is to reduce the compression ratio at full load but at the same time keep it sufficiently high for good starting and part load condition. Thus a fixed compression ratio engine cannot meet the requirements of high specific output and hence felt is the need for a variable compression ratio engine. The effect of compression ratio on brake thermal efficiency, CO & NOX are analyzed using Greaves MK20 SI Engine (2.28kW). The engine has a fixed compression ratio of 4.8, but the cylinder head has been modified to operate at compression ratios 3.6 to 7.4 in this project work. This engine has been used to investigate the effect of different fuels operating at three compression ratios of 4.0, 4.8 and 6.0.

The technology of carrying out laboratory operations using scaled down Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC) device is really appealing. The whole laboratory being reduced into a small chip. The time taken to analyze a reaction can be reduced through volume reduction of the reagents used; the distinctive behavior of liquids at the nano scale allows increased control of molecular interactions and concentrations. The cost of reagents and the chemical waste amounts can also be very much reduced through the use of this technology. The LOCs also provide for the analysis of samples at the point of need instead of a centralized laboratory. The main aim of this research is to review about a newly device known as the Lab-on-chip device. This research was carried out to study and well understand all the aspects of this device, including its history, advantages, disadvantages, where it is applied and the challenges. It is evident that with the development of Lab on Chip devices, everything becomes better and easier. Even though the technology is at its initial stages of development, it proves to be very efficient. This clearly shows how much more will be achieved with continual development in this field.

This project proposes a conceptual process design for the production of bioethanol to produce an alternative fuel that can supplement the gasoline products at a very reasonable price and produces less carbon dioxide emissions which is mandated under section 5 of RA 9367, the Biofuels Law of 2006 which states that all gasoline products will have 10 percent blend bioethanol by 2011. Due to high demand, the project proposes a process design of 10,000 metric tons bioethanol per year using fed-batch fermentation process with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 as microorganism. The plant produces 99.80%(w/w) anhydrous alcohol based on the current ASTM specification and operates continuously with an annual production time of 7,200 hours. In order to optimize the overall process, a novel separation technique is considered in this study with respect to process design and economics by integrating pervaporation and ultrafiltration system. For dehydration and recovery of ethanol, hybrid distillation-pervaporation consists of a distillation column and an externally connected pervaporation module is used to overcome the azeotropic composition from the liquid mixtures of water and ethanol. The result is an integrated system of continuously producing bioethanol in purity up to 99.8%(w/w).

This study was conducted to show whether hormonal replacement treatment would offer ameliorating effects against abnormal alterations associated with osteoporosis in female albino rats. Two experiments were carried out, in the first experiment, the rats were randomly divided into two main groups. The first group, were let without surgery and served as control while, the second group were obeyed to bilateral ovariectomy surgery to induce osteoporosis; after 4 weeks induced acute hormonal disturbance indicated by decreased estradiols and progesterone levels. While, the level of follicular stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were increase in osteoporosis female rats regarding to levels in normal control female rats. In the second experiment, a remarkable correction was occurred in the levels of follicular stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone by gradually decreased after 90 days of treatment. While, a considerable amelioration effect was occurred in the estradiols level by gradually increasing of levels with the time and treatment with estrogen replacement. These corrections were dependent on the time of treatment (30, 60 & 90 days). According to the pre-mentioned results, it is importance to concluding that the treatment with estradiol replacement ameliorates chance of recovery from hazardous effects of osteoporoses. The obtained data were discussed according to available obtained researches.

This study examines the impact of dividend policy on shareholders' wealth in context of Pakistan. Thirty five companies randomly from three sectors; Textile, Sugar and Chemical are observed in the study. The annual data for these companies from 2006 to 2011 is used in the study. Simple OLS technique for analysis is used to derive the results of the study. The findings showed that dividend policy of the firm has significant positive impact on shareholders wealth. Similarly firm growth rate also has significant positive impact on shareholders' wealth. Firm size has significant positive impact on shareholders wealth; indicating that large domain of operations of a business make it more capable to exploit maximum opportunities and in position to earn greater amount of return due to greater growth prospects so it ultimately place greater value to shares of large size companies. The results of study help the corporate management to better decide the level of dividend to be distributed so that shareholders wealth could be maximized.

This paper examines the impact of leverage on dividend payment pattern of Pakistani manufacturing firms. 44 companies from five different sectors having regular dividend payment history are included in sample. The annual data for these companies from 2006 to 2011 is used in the study. Simple OLS technique for analysis is used to derive the results of the study. The findings show that leverage has significant negative impact on dividend payment pattern of sampled firms. Dummies variable used to identify the sector specific impact of leverage on dividend payment reveal that affect of leverage on dividend distribution in sugar and textile industry behave differently as compare to other sectors. The results of study help the corporate management to better decide the level of leverage and dividend policy by highlighting the interaction between leverage and dividend payment pattern. That in turn ensures the equity market stability.

In countries with arid and semi-arid climate such as Tunisia, the over-exploitation of ground water resources became intolerable, in particular that of the delegation of Foussana located in the mid-west of Tunisia, object of this study. This situation of overexploitation requires the characterization of the agricultural landscape and the characterization of water resources using a Geographical Information System SIG: ArcGis 9.3. The approach followed in this work is articulate on the installation of an agricultural and hydrological database; these plans of information were combined by methods of multicriterion analysis through the software ArcMap 9.3 to produce cards sets of themes which make it possible to describe the agricultural landscape in this area and to represent the hydrological potentialities of Foussana. Spatialization presents one of the best approaches to characterize the landscape of the area. Thus, this work enabled us to traverse the territories while revealing the wealth in water resources which present a factor supporting the differentiation of the agrarian landscapes in a typology of "rainfed agriculture" (83.4%) and of "modernized agriculture" (16.5%) requires large amounts of water. The irrigated area accounts 179.6 ha (between cultivations of cereals, arboriculture, truck farming and fodder) in 1980, to attain 4620 ha in 2010, for example the apple orchard landscape very demanding of water factor, which accounts for 50% of arboriculture sector in the study zone.

Among heat transfer augmentation techniques, passive cooling technique found more suitable for electronic cooling than active technique. In this paper, natural convection heat transfer analysis through rectangular fins is reviewed. Various experimental studies have been made to investigate effect of fin height, fin spacing, fin length and fin thickness over convective heat transfer. Effects of thermodynamic properties like heat input, base-to-ambient temperature difference are also studied by many researchers. Some investigators make known sets of correlations screening the relation between various parameters of heat sink. Experiments are taken by some researchers for upward and downward facing rectangular fins. Also, trivial investigation has been carried out for different angle of inclination of the heat sink. The sensitivity of inclination over geometric parameters found to be great importance.

General Belgrano reservoir, in a subtropical region of the province of Salta, is one of the most important in Argentina because of its size and purposes. Previous studies indicate a high speed of increasing its trophic state, adversely affecting the quality of the resource. This paper characterizes the structure (grain size, organic matter content) and amount of phosphorus fractions in sediments, to establish its dynamics during the transition from stratification until mix period. Physical-chemical major variables (temperature, pH, redox potential, conductivity) and phosphorus content (total, reactive soluble and organic) were analyzed according to standardized techniques, at three Secchi depths, interfase and sediment, from March to July, 2011. Water quality in all sites showed high uniformity: it was slightly basic with high conductivity and low concentration of bioavailable phosphorus indicating the extreme mobility of the nutrient in the food chain. The sediments, whose characteristics differed significantly from the overhead compartments, were neutral, with highest conductivity and redox potential values indicating anoxia throughout the study. The tributaries zones have clayey composition, while the lentic area is sandy, which is related to the raised content of phosphorus adsorbed in the first ones. The great amount of phosphorus in sediments demonstrated its relevance as a source of internal eutrophication of the reservoir.

This study is conducted in Jakarta among Chinese SMEs. It tested influence patrimonialism on guanxi and xinyong, and influence guanxi on xinyong, and influence guanxi and xinyong on partnership relationship. This study finds that patrimonialism has significantly effect on guanxi and xingong. Guanxi has negative effect on partnership relationship, but guanxi has positive and significantly effect on xinyong and xinyong has significantly effect on partnership relationship. So through this result of the research, it is known that partnership relationship among Chinese SMEs in Jakarta is built on personal and trust relationship (guanxi and xinyong) as mediating between patrimonialism and partnership relationship.

The study was conducted during 2013 in Bouchebka, located in the central west of Tunisia.Such territory has a typical landscape of the transfrontier region. The series of the forest in Bouchebka is a part of the great mass of Aleppo pine. It is distinguished by the importance of the forest area which covers 92 % of the surface area (19,700 ha). The study attempts to inventory the natural vegetation and characterize ecological terms while highlighting the importance of environmental conditions. The method is based on a phytoecological analysis to quantify the floristic richness and diversity of the ecosystem in the forest of mountains in Bouchebka on the basis of floristic surveys and transects distributed in a stratified, systematic sampling in different vegetation formations that were previously distinguished. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA). The results show that the forest is composed primarily of the Aleppo pine trees, these forests are characterized by the abundance of young feet (10-25 cm diameter class). The ecosystem includes 12 families and 17 genera, 26 species. Thus the study has identified that the biological spectrum of the study area is characterized by a clear dominance of shrubs (41%) and chamaephytes (32 %). The distribution of plant species is influenced by ecological features of the region: the results show that 82% of species are drought tolerant which shows the arid environment. The region is also characterized by its windy side: 32% of species spread via anemochory. Factor analysis showed a pastoral aspect in the study area, with a presence of cultured human action exerted on the forest land species. Phytological spectrum indicates a predominance of woody species reflecting a territory dominated by open grassy areas, predominantly reflecting an arid climate.

According to the new economic and social challenges, the underlying global changes arising from globalization and the new competitive environment. Also, Technological development and that of the New Information and Communication Technologies NICT, and the race of competitiveness that drives the search for the total quality and the reduce costs and deadlines. The integration of NICT in different departments of the company has a positive impact in improving the performance of the company [7].
The industrial maintenance can take advantage of benefits with regard to the exploitation of its technologies in their processes to ensure efficient management of maintenance.
In this paper, we present a scenario of industrial remote maintenance based on NICT, while locating the actors study, the various dimensions of use, organization, cooperation and coordination for various maintenance tasks corrective and preventive.

The brand personality is one of the concepts that can improve the understanding of brand-consumer relationship. A successful brand management requires the building of a distinct desirable and sustainable brand personality. However, few studies have focused on the antecedents of this concept.
This research attempts to determine the level of traits alteration of brand personality in the case of either three types of processing that relate to central, transitional and peripheral persuasive advertising.
Relying on a literature review, the basic concepts of this research were clarified and a conceptual model was proposed .It include antecedents of brand personality (persuasive advertising and attitude toward the ad), consequences (attitude toward the brand and purchase intention) and moderating variables (brand familiarity and product involvement).
An empirical study was conducted among 1200 individuals representative of Tlemcen city. The results of the data analysis using MANOVA and structural equation modeling confirm our main hypothesis as well as others hypotheses.