Polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which are involved in the cellular oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms of the xenobiotic substances and carcinogens, represents a factor that increases the risk of developing cancer. We aimed to determine in a case-control study (82 patients and 152 controls) a possible association between the GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a Romanian population. GTSs genotypes were obtained using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Increased frequencies of the GSTM1 null genotype were observed in the patients (51.22%) with NHL and in controls (56.58%). No associations were observed between GSTP1 Ile/Val + Val/Val and GSTM1 null genotypes and risk of NHL, while an increased risk for GSTT1 null genotype was noticed without statistical significance. We did not find differences for the combined GST gene polymorphisms and risk of NHL between patients and controls. Also, no differences between patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and GTSs genotypes were detected (p>0.05, for all comparisons). Therefore, our research suggests that GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes do not contribute to the risk of developing NHL.

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis is the most direct and definitive technique for determining (or confirming) the geometric structure of chemical compound. In this paper, we describe the capacity of semi-empirical methods such as AM1, PM3, PM6 and NODCs for determining interatomic distances and bond angles for three compounds P1 ((1S, 3R,8R)-2,2-dichloro-3,7,7,10-tetramethyl-tricyclo [6,4,0,01,3] dodec-9-ene), P2 (1S,3R,8R,9S,11R)-2,2,10,10-tetrachloro-3,7,7,11 tetramethyltetracyclo [6,5,0,01.2,09.116 ] tridecane) and P3 (1S,3R,8R,9S,11R)-2,2,10,10-tetrabromo-3,7,7,11 tetramethyltetracyclo [6,5,0,01.2,09.116 ] tridecane) including experimental data interatomic distances and bond angles are available. The results obtained show a good agreement with experimental reference values, a few exceptions, for semi-empirical methods AM1 and PM6 appear more reliable than PM3 and NODC.

The trend of escalation religious intolerance in many countries to be a potential trigger proliferation of disputes and conflicts, in which it will have an impact on security and stability threats, deterioration of economic aspects, social-cultural and even may affect on the destruction of civilization of a country. Indonesia, the country with the largest degree of heterogeneity in the world that has diverse ethnicities, cultures, customs, language, religions, must continue to build and develop an attitude of tolerance, particularly religious tolerance. Islamic Boarding School as an Islamic educational institution, a place of propaganda and dissemination of religious teachings of Islam, are expected to to build and develop an attitude of religious tolerance to their students more optimally. An enhancement of religious tolerance attitude of students conducted through a learning management by implementing a variety of learning theory and comprehensively via methods of sorogan, bandongan, fathul kutub, muhawarah, mudzakaroh and memorization which is based on ukhrawi. While the effectiveness of classroom management carried out by making the students as learning subjects so it motivate students in the development of their cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Pupils that have a tolerance are expected to uphold the attitude of respect, appreciate, recognize and simplify to preaching in public.

There is no doubt that the technology greatly affect the users in all fields, and perhaps the most notable educational field and this article aims to identify the role of the internet in education and disclosure of the most important educational services provided by the information and research sources and efficient manner.

Labyrinth seals are widely used to limit leakage flow between rotating and stationary parts of turbo machines. However, these elements often generate driving forces that may increase the unstable vibration of the rotor. Thus, an accurate prediction of the static and dynamic behavior of labyrinth seals is more required to improve turbomachines performance and design. In this paper, a numerical model based on CFD computation has been developed to predict the flow characteristics through an eccentric short labyrinth seal with four teeth fixed on the rotor. The realizable k-ε and k-ω SST turbulent models have been separately used in this computational model to compare predictions to experiments for the complex turbulent flow field within the seal. The pressure distribution around the seal is calculated in each cavity and the obtained results show that the k-ω SST turbulent model predictions are better than those of the realizable k-ε model. The Pressure contours and its distribution along the seal are also presented. Additionally, a parametric study of the circumferential velocity distribution assessed the use of bi-dimensional models to predict rotor dynamic characteristics of this kind of seals. Furthermore, influences of pressure ratio and inlet swirl on the leakage flow through the seal have been studied in this paper.

Sensitivity analysis was performed on the mathematical model of Cholera to determine the influence and importance of each parameter on the basic reproduction number (R0) in the dynamical spread of Cholera. Basic Reproduction Number (R0) was obtained using next generation matrix method (NGM). The disease free equilibrium was analyzed for stability and the analysis shows that the disease free equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number is less than unity i.e (R0<1). Also, there exist endemic equilibrium points of the model whenever R0>1. The relative sensitivity indices of the model with respect to each parameter in the basic reproduction number is calculated in order to find the most sensitive parameter which the medical practitioners and policy health makers should work on in order to reduce the spread of cholera in the society. The result shows that effective contact rate and fraction of individuals with low immunity are the most sensitive parameters in the reproduction number. Numerical simulation was carried out by MAPLE 17 software using Runge-kutta method of order four to show the effects of contact rate and fraction of individuals with low immunity in the dynamical spread of Cholera. This work will allow the health policy makers to know the best control measure to be adopted in order to have disease free environment.

The area, on which our search is driven, is situated in the north west of Algeria, it an integral part of Traras Mountains. The present study focuses on Tetraclinis articulata groups in the coastal region of Honaine, province of Tlemcen (Western Algeria). To identify the biological potentials of Tetraclinis articulata groups, our study has been based on two methodological approaches: - The method of Braun-Blanquet which relies on abundance and dominance realized on the three search areas (Sidi Driss, Ouled Youcef and Ziatene). - The method of Durietz based on relative frequencies. The results achieved show the different species which accompany Tetraclinis articulata. The analysis of different inventories have allowed us to find out 80 vegetal species, the main of which are Tetraclinis articulata, Pistacia lentiscus, Globularia alypum, Cistus monspeliensis, Calycotome intermedia, Chamaerops humilis, Erica multiflora, Pistacia lentiscus, Echium vulgare… The second approach has allowed us to find out four classes from which we identify the species related to each class as concern: Lavandula dentata, Calycotome intermedia, Pistacia lentiscus, Globularia alypum, Cistus monspeliensis, Ulex europeus, Urginea maritima, Asteriscus maritimus, Schismus barbatus, Chamaerops humilis, Phillyrea angustifolia, Ampelodesma mauritanicum, Helianthemum pilosum et Vicia villosa.

The juice that percolates through the hospital sewage and that loads of pollutants must be eliminated. Our study contributes to the establishment of a purification system of hospital wastewater was expensive and effective. The process (stabilization coupled to bio filtration) involves aquatic plants such as Azolla and sand filtration. It thus improves the drainage conditions of the hospital effluents by dramatically reducing the pollution load. This technique decreases and lowers the organic filler according to the conditions imposed. The bio filtration has a specific behavior with respect to the leachate and increases the purification performance of wastewater. So by applying this technique, our study shows a reduction of 77.4% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), 68.6% of turbidity, 94% of nitrates and phosphates 95% for a residence time of 8 am in the lagoon. This technics following the filter coupling shows a reduction of pathogenic microorganisms. The lagoon level the concentration of organic matter (OM), nitrogen and phosphorus decreased. This study is an important step in the design of a wastewater treatment plant wastewater university clinics in Kinshasa, DRC.

The objective of this work is the identification of certain biomolecules such as tocopherols, sterols, alcohols, aliphatic and terpene of sesame oil (sesanum indicum l.) from Congo Brazzaville in the Department of the bowl to the village of ONTOGO. This oil contains tocopherol which are composed of: gamma tocopherol (Wgamma): 171 mg/kg to MG, followed Delta tocopherol (W delta): 5 mg/kg. There is a content of total sterols of 543 mg/kg to MG including Beta-sitosterol (58.9%) follow-up of Campesterol (16.7%) and Delta5-Avenasterol (10.7%) and two middle peaks that will be Delta5-Avenasterol (10.7%) and Stigmaterol (7.2%). alcohols present in sesame also contains the terpene alcohols which are: the important thing is that of lupeol (9.0%) followed the cycloartenal (4.4%) and finally the α-amyrin (1.3%) , and the aliphatic alcohols are forms of traces. All of these biomolecules are important in the prevention of cardiovascular disease for some and fight some cancers for others.

In Morocco, the impact of global climates changes, mainly the climatic hazards, was observed during the last decade on the environmental, agricultural and economical area in Morocco. However, scares are studies carried out to quantify and describe the negative effect of climatic hazards on the stability and the conservation of soil, water and bio-resources, including the principal watersheds highly exposed to erosion phenomenon. The present research aim’s the prioritization of the erosion risk in the basin of Inaouene, situated in the northeast of Morocco. The application of Remote Sensed Data allowed the determination and delineation of thirteen sub-watersheds. The morphometric analysis using different parameters (linear, sharps parameters and relief aspects) and ranking of each estimated parameter for each sub-basin allowed the classification of these sub-watersheds in three prioritization categories regarding the priority for conservation and management of resource. High priority was assigned to the SBV01, SBV04, SBV05, SBV06, SBV11 and SBV12, which are subject to a maximum soil erosion, medium priority for the SBV02, SBV03, SBV07, SBV08, SBV09 and SBV10, and low priority for SBV13. The group with high priority is concerned by high risk of erosion and soil degradation, stressing immediate action to prevent possible natural hazards. Special attention for the sub-watersheds SBV05 and SBV06 characterized by very low compound value (CP) are very susceptible to erosion risk. These sub-basins are of highest priority and needs urgent interventions to protect the soil. These sub-basins were integrated as data base together with morphometric parameters, into geographical information systems in order to establish different maps showing sub-watersheds with high risk of erosion.

Cashew apple, was a false fruit of cashew tree. It was not valorized because of its astringency. In the purpose of valorization of this fruit in juice, this study showed the impact of coupling of crossflow microfiltration and vacuum concentration on the juice quality. Crossflow microfiltration tests were carried out on the raw cashew apple juice followed by its concentration by vacuum concentration at different temperatures (40, 60 and 80 ° C). Different juices (clarified and concentrated) obtained were characterized and compared to the raw one. The results showed that the crossflow microfiltration eliminated tannins and therefore astringency. It was not affected the nutritional value of the juice. Concerning the vacuum evaporation, it was not influenced on titrable acidity, whatever the temperature. However, it affected the vitamin C content, color and flavor profile of the juice. This process increased losses of vitamin C depending the temperature. Regarding color, we noted that, juices concentrated has a high absorbance between 400 and 480 nm. More the temperature of vaccum evaporation was high more the absorbance was important. Finally, the flavor profile of concentrated juice obtained by vacuum evaporation was modified from the clarified juice obtained by crossflow microfiltration.

The research aims to test the relationship between innovative marketing and sustainable competitive advantage at some hotels in Dohuk city. To achieve the research goal and complete the requirements, researchers proceeded to prepare a theoretical framework from the literature. Research sample consisted from (55) of the managers in these hotels. A questionnaire has been developed to collect field-side data. Through some statistical methods, results and hypotheses have been analyzed and tested. Conclusions represented the adoption of researched hotels to the concept of innovative marketing with high level of acceptance. Correspondingly, the research owned sustainable competitive advantage with high level of acceptance. The research found set of proposals represented the need of enhancing the attention of innovative marketing and sustainable competitive advantage, and the development and progress of innovation among workers in the surveyed hotels.

This research aims to analyze the state of conservation of gazetted forest, community forest and sacred forest in the southern Benin. To do this, two gazetted forests, two communities forests and two sacred forests were chosen. The evaluation of the dynamics of the forest cover has been made of the comparative diachronic analysis of land cover in 1982 and 2015. The phytosociological and forest inventories were carried out in the forests studied. The results revealed that the areas of forest classes are held and sometimes experiencing an increase in the sacred forests while these forest classes experienced a regressive development in gazetted forests. In community forests, regression and maintaining forest classes were observed. The average density of trees is the highest recorded in the sacred forest of Zannouzoun (352.50 trees / ha) and the lowest density is achieved in the community forest Togbin-Daho (104.60 trees / ha). The highest Shannon diversity index is obtained in the sacred forest of Kodjizoun (3. 08 bits) while the lowest value of this index is recorded at the gazetted forests of Pahou (1.96 bit). The state and the evolutionary trend of forest cover and ecological parameters show that the sacred forests and incidentally community forests are best preserved as gazetted forests. However, the small size of sacred forests requires to qualify this conclusion.

The aim of this work is to highlight the forms of trusts and their respective influences on the commitment in a logistics perspective in partnerships between suppliers and modern distribution. The theories of trust and commitment, and relational approach have been used as the frame work of analysis and the hypothetical-deductive method lay out as a methodological framework. Trust was measured in three dimensions: trust calculated, cognitive trust, and affective trust, which has enabled us to build a scale and detailed measurement. A two-step methodology was adopted: qualitative studies were conducted with industry players; and a quantitative study was conducted there by to verify the assumptions of research. After selection of the two sample holders Research (suppliers, and employees of the modern distributor), the results, for the implementation of factorial analysis (SPSS) and structural equation modeling techniques(PLS), allowed assessment simultaneous reliability and validity, while estimating the relationships and links between manifest variables. In this context, the results of this study suggest the significant impact, in both senses of the dyad, trust on collaborative commitment. On the other hand, it appears that this is the emotional confidence that is determinative of the other types of trust. Managerial and theoretical implications have been put into perspective.

The objective of this study is to describe and investigate the circumstances of an epidemic infections outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in pediatric intensive care unit. Between August and October 2012, where ten strains of Acinetobacter baumannii have been isolated. Blood cultures and protected distal bronchial samples were the main sites of isolation. The study of antibiotic resistance helps to identify two phenotypical clones confirmed by the genotypic study using the pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The audit on respect of the hygiene precautions by healthcare workers revealed a large lack. The line adopted following this event was the establishment of corrective measures in order to stop this epidemic. Reinforcing the hygiene measures and staff training were successful in ending the outbreak without having to close the unit. The emergence of strains of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections outbreak in the intensive care units seems very alarming and requires the development of an effective and permanent strategy against healthcare associated infections.

Climate changes have sever threats on food security in subsistence farming systems of Burkina Faso where agricultural production is strongly base on rainfall. Soil and water conservation techniques such as zaï and improved seeds of sorghum (Sorgum bicolor L.) were tested and adopted in the drier zones of the North as adaptation technologies to the climate changes. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the combination of improved sorghum variety (Sariasso 11) with zaï technology on its yields performance in the context of climate changes. The trail was conducted in field conditions and 10 farmers were concerned. The different treatments were randomly distributed according to a Fisher block design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates in the villages of Loaga and Sika. Measurements were carried out on the components of sorghum yield, and soil parameters. The results showed that the treatment « zaï compost + improved seeds» adapt better to the climatic changes. It allowed a better development of the sorghum and grain yield increased by 3 compared to the control. Chemical parameters of the soil were significantly improved, and the pH reached a value of approximately 6.5 in this treatment. The combination of the two techniques permits therefore to improve the resilience of the agricultural production facing the climate changes.

This work is entitled “literature in action through Shi folk music”. Literature and Music are two inevitable and inseparable elements in the traditional Shi folklore. They always go together. In this way, dealing with the present paper we wanted to side with Eno BELINGA who confirmed that “In their traditional aspect, literature and Music are in Black Africa (…) so intimately all together that they most of the time constitute one and same activity. To talk of one without the other is to practice an artificial division that nothing can legitimate” (1965:19).to bring more light to this, we have described some useful musical instruments and collected a folk song entitled Segese which was translated from Mashi, the mother tongue of the minstrel who sang it into English. Thanks to the song in question, it was noticed that the features are highly various, complex and related to both literature and music. We have disclosed along our study that Shi folk Music bears numerous situations and other occurrences which can be interpreted in a literary way.

Because of the shortage of drinking water in some parts of Morocco, people are resorting to the consumption of natural waters. In the majority of cases, those waters pose potential health risks, because few studies focus on their quality. In this regard, our study consists to evaluate physicochemical and bacteriological quality of both types of natural waters used for food by people. A well's water in the region of Ain Chgague, and source's water of Sid Bettare, both located near the Fez city. According to standardized norms, we evaluated the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of those waters. The physico-chemical quality of those waters is studied by measuring temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonium and total phosphorus. As for the bacteriological quality, is evaluated by counting the revivable germs at 37 °C, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, intestinal enterococci, and sulfite-reducing anaerobes. The results obtained show a difference of parameter values analyzed in water to another. For the physicochemical study, all parameters are conforming to standards. While, the majority of bacteriological parameters studied, far exceed the drinking water quality standards. Indicating a microbial pollution, that represents an alarming health risk for consumers of these waters.

Outsourcing isn’t recent as managerial practice. However, this phenomenon of outsourcing has increased significantly in recent years. Two main factors have contributed to explain this development. First, the need to create more value for shareholders and customers, and secondly, the emergence of a market of specialized providers with skills to provide businesses with property and custom services. The main objective of this article is to explain the phenomenon of outsourcing through the transaction cost theory and resource theory, highlighting the determinants and risks of this management practice. The literature review shows that the search for flexibility, productivity gains, quality and focus on the heart of the trade are the major determinants of operations outsourcing. Moreover, the risks are mainly: loss of control, loss of quality, cost problem and the difficulties in the management of human resources.

Agriculture is the base of the economic growth of Benin. So the improvement of the outputs became a permanent concern of all the actors of the agricultural sector. Present research aims at studying the contribution of the installation of the underworld to the productivity of rice in the Commune of Boukoumbé. The adopted methodological approach is articulated around the document retrieval, the investigations of ground, the processing the data and the analysis of the results. The use of the Active Method of Participative Research (MARP) made it possible to collect information near the targeted made up actors of 50 producers, 20 persons in charge of groupings and 05 agents of rural framing. It arises from the study that the Commune of Boukoumbé has 67 underworld with a total surface area of 2106 ha whose 12 sites are arranged corresponding to a surface of 320 ha. The average outputs obtained for the two varieties are approximately 2.9380 t/ha on the level of the arranged underworld and 1.3073 t/ha for the non made-up underworld. The installation of the underworld thus represents a strategic axis for the increase in the especially rice agricultural productivity in the sector of study.

The zone of study is located north of Pointe noire town, in the Department of Kouilou, in Republic of Congo. In order to better understand the floristic richness and chorology of the study site of interest, an analysis on a flora, of the autoecological and phytogeographycal spectra of species was undertaken. This analysis is based on the floristic material from different botanical surveys carried out in 2012, and deposited at the National Herbarium of the Congo (IEC). Over a study area of 202’700 ha investigated through 243 phytosociological plots, a matrix of 580 specific and subspecific taxa, distributed in 386 genus and 119 families, were inventoried. Seven species, of which one for the science, were new for the flora of Republic of Congo. The families of Fabaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, of Malavaceae and Annonaceae and are the most diversified in species. The ecological spectrum highlights the strong preponderance of the phanerophytes, sarcochores and mesophiles, thereby confirming the dominance of the forest biodiversity compared to grasslands. From a phytogeographical perspective, the preponderance of the base element identified as well as three families and eleven genus of endemic nature integrate the flora within the Guineo-Congolian centre of endemism.

As many rivers crossing urban region in Morocco, Martil’s river feeding the cities of Tetouan and Martil suffers from an organic and metallic pollution problem under the effect of a rising anthropological pressure. In fact the recent study has detected a surprising phenomenon of sediment enrichment exceeding 280 ppm for Cooper (1, 21 mg/l), 90 for Lead (0, 35 mg/l), and 3 ppm for Cadmium (0,016 mg/l) downstream. The present work objective is to examine the reality of this metallic pollution and to understand the nature of the polluting sources. The metallic elements analyses have been done in sediment with an appropriate technical means. Results interpretation has been used by indices of contamination: Factor of enrichment, to identify the metal origin enriching sediment. This work has shown that the municipal dump situated at the river shore has a moderate and located impact on sediment for: Cu, Pb, and Zn. On the rest of the zone of study no other impact by the Pb has been detected, but the result indicated the existence of a diffusing geogenic source, recording relatively elevated degrees of the seven metallic elements in comparison to the upstream of the river.

Sisseb El Alem-Nadhour Saouaf (SANS) basin, is located in the Northeastern Tunisia, where groundwater systems are often exposed to rapidly reserve overexploitation, changing recharge amounts and quality degradation. A three-dimensional (3D) regional hydrogeological model of SANS basin was developed in order to understand the geometry of subsurface and its implications on groundwater dynamics. The 3D model was built by the interpretation of 2D seismic reflection profiles, calibrated by wire line logging data of oil wells, hydraulic wells and geologic field sections. After checking efficiency of interpolation methods by geostatistical tools, validated model highlighted the impact of faults system on the aquifer geometry and structure. Thus, Plioquaternairy and Oligo-Miocene aquifers in the study area represent important geometric variations and cumulated thickness affected by intensive fractures which divided the system into 4 sub-basins (Bled Ktifa, Sisseb, El Alem and Nadhour Saouaf). Moreover, vertically, geological modeling shows 11 hydrogeological layers, with different hydrodynamic characteristics. This study was benefic to propose a conceptual model for the SANS system and to identify the recharge zones and the over-pumped areas which are affected by a significant evaporation rates and reveal large fluctuations of flow dynamic. These results suggest the critical importance of building a various GIS database and testing numerical geological models on groundwater flow dynamic assessment.

Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus (GBS) is a common agent of maternal and neonatal infections. Invasives diseases due to GBS are increasing in non-pregnant adults, mainly for immunodepressed adults with a mortality rate ranging from 20% to 50%.Among these infections, meningitis streptococcus agalactiae are exceptional. This observation reports the case of meningitis Streptococcus agalactiae in a diabetic patient. The urinary tract was the starting point of the invasive infection due to GBS.

The use of water resources is steadily increasing with respect to the population growth. This theory also applies in the Kingdom of Morocco specifically in the Sahel-Doukkala region and therefore requires special attention as the water resources are in limited quantity. For industrial, agricultural and domestic reasons, aquifers of this region are subjected to excessive pumping, resulting in environmental harms such as declining groundwater level, which considerably affects both its quality and quantity. The agency of Oued Oum Er R'bia watershed has therefore established a number of strategies for a proper management of those aquifers among which an artificial aquifer recharge to reduce this imbalance; preventing irreversible degradation. This paper is thus devoted to explore solutions that can help characterizing components of the hydrological system of the region in order to determine the potential areas of surface water for its possible remobilization. With an area of 7700 Km2, the semi-arid characteristics and the endoreism at certain location of the region, the geomorphological analysis from digital elevation model (DEM) and the modified equation of Beven-Kirkby index allowed us to locate useful wet and hydromorphic soils from their physical properties revealing remarkable traces of a regular water saturation.