[ Evolution des déchets solides sous climat méditerranéen semi-aride : Cas du Centre d’Enfouissement Technique (CET) de la ville d’Essaouira - Maroc ]
Volume 27, Issue 2, September 2019, Pages 638–653
Abdelouahab Zalaghi1, Fatima Lamchouri2, Hamid TOUFIK3, and Mohammed Merzouki4
1 Laboratoire Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement et Modélisation (LMSNEM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah de Fès, Morocco
2 Laboratoire Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement et Modélisation (LMSNEM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah de Fès, Morocco
3 Laboratoire Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement et Modélisation (LMSNEM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah de Fès, Morocco
4 Department of biology, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehrez, Fez, Morocco
Original language: French
Copyright © 2019 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This work focuses on the use of the integrated management system and its main descriptors for monitoring the evolution of household and similar waste from landfills, essentially: water content, temperature and impact of water on waste evolution. These descriptors, which reflect the good design and management of TECs, are measured in situ during filling or after closing the traps, in two stages: excavation of a volume of waste obtained by cubing an excavation and then weighing the removed waste on the weighbridge. The search is carried out in old traps of different ages (operated between 1996 and 2008) and at different depths. The water content of the buried waste is measured directly by drying a sub-sample at a temperature of 96°C until the mass is constant (after 72 hours of drying). The results obtained show that the municipal solid waste buried at the Essaouira CET is evolving in a coherent and predictable way. The temperature of landfilled waste varies between 32 and 45°C depending on the depth of landfill, and the water content of landfilled waste increases with depth. During the dry season, it increases from 30% (1m) to 71% (2m), while during the rainy season, the variation in water content according to depth is more marked (57% to 1m and 81% to 3m) for one-year-old waste. The field capacity of waste after drying in the oven (313%) is higher than that of fines, cardboard and paper, but it is less important (53%) if the waste is dried in the oven. In relation to the initial objective, the results obtained make it possible to develop an appropriate evolution model for household and similar waste and thus to optimize the design and management of landfills taking into account the interaction between water and waste. Indeed, these descriptors ensure continuous monitoring and detect any potential failures of the CET and therefore ensure its sustainability.
Author Keywords: Essaouira-Morocco, Landfill, Solid waste, Evolution, Descriptors, Semi-arid Mediterranean Climate.
Volume 27, Issue 2, September 2019, Pages 638–653
Abdelouahab Zalaghi1, Fatima Lamchouri2, Hamid TOUFIK3, and Mohammed Merzouki4
1 Laboratoire Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement et Modélisation (LMSNEM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah de Fès, Morocco
2 Laboratoire Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement et Modélisation (LMSNEM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah de Fès, Morocco
3 Laboratoire Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement et Modélisation (LMSNEM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah de Fès, Morocco
4 Department of biology, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehrez, Fez, Morocco
Original language: French
Copyright © 2019 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
This work focuses on the use of the integrated management system and its main descriptors for monitoring the evolution of household and similar waste from landfills, essentially: water content, temperature and impact of water on waste evolution. These descriptors, which reflect the good design and management of TECs, are measured in situ during filling or after closing the traps, in two stages: excavation of a volume of waste obtained by cubing an excavation and then weighing the removed waste on the weighbridge. The search is carried out in old traps of different ages (operated between 1996 and 2008) and at different depths. The water content of the buried waste is measured directly by drying a sub-sample at a temperature of 96°C until the mass is constant (after 72 hours of drying). The results obtained show that the municipal solid waste buried at the Essaouira CET is evolving in a coherent and predictable way. The temperature of landfilled waste varies between 32 and 45°C depending on the depth of landfill, and the water content of landfilled waste increases with depth. During the dry season, it increases from 30% (1m) to 71% (2m), while during the rainy season, the variation in water content according to depth is more marked (57% to 1m and 81% to 3m) for one-year-old waste. The field capacity of waste after drying in the oven (313%) is higher than that of fines, cardboard and paper, but it is less important (53%) if the waste is dried in the oven. In relation to the initial objective, the results obtained make it possible to develop an appropriate evolution model for household and similar waste and thus to optimize the design and management of landfills taking into account the interaction between water and waste. Indeed, these descriptors ensure continuous monitoring and detect any potential failures of the CET and therefore ensure its sustainability.
Author Keywords: Essaouira-Morocco, Landfill, Solid waste, Evolution, Descriptors, Semi-arid Mediterranean Climate.
Abstract: (french)
Ce travail porte sur l’utilisation du système de management intégré et ses principaux descripteurs pour le suivi de l’évolution des déchets ménagers et assimilés des Centres d’Enfouissement Technique (CET), essentiellement : la teneur en eau, la température et l’impact de l’eau sur l’évolution des déchets. Ces descripteurs, témoins de la bonne conception et gestion des CET, sont mesurés in situ au cours du remplissage ou après fermeture des casiers, et ce en deux étapes : l’excavation d’un volume de déchets obtenu par le cubage d’une fouille et ensuite la pesée au pont bascule des déchets enlevés. La fouille est effectuée dans les anciens casiers de différents âges (exploités entre 1996 et 2008) et à des profondeurs différentes. La teneur en eau des déchets enfouis est mesurée directement par séchage d’un sous-échantillon à une température de 96°C jusqu’à ce que la masse soit constante (après 72h de séchage). Les résultats obtenus, montrent que les déchets solides municipaux enfouis au CET d’Essaouira évoluent de manière cohérente et prévisible. La température des déchets enfouis varie entre 32 et 45°C en fonction de la profondeur d’enfouissement, et la teneur en eau des déchets enfouis augmente avec la profondeur. Pendant la saison sèche, elle passe de 30% (1m) à 71% (2m), alors que lors de la saison des pluies, la variation de la teneur en eau suivant la profondeur est plus nette (57% à 1m et 81% à 3m) pour les déchets âgés d’un an. La capacité au champ des déchets fermentescibles sur sec (313%) est supérieure à celle des fines, cartons et papiers, par contre, il est moins important (53%) si les déchets sont à l’état brut. Par rapport à l’objectif initial, les résultats obtenus permettent d'élaborer un modèle de l’évolution appropriée pour les déchets ménagers et assimilés et donc d'optimiser la conception et la gestion des sites d'enfouissement en tenant compte de l'interaction eaux / déchets. En effet, ces descripteurs garantissent une surveillance permanente et détectent toutes défaillances potentielles du CET et assurent par conséquent sa durabilité.
Author Keywords: Essaouira-Maroc, Décharge contrôlée, Déchets solides, Evolution, Descripteurs, Climat Méditerranéen Semi-aride.
How to Cite this Article
Abdelouahab Zalaghi, Fatima Lamchouri, Hamid TOUFIK, and Mohammed Merzouki, “Evolution of solid waste in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate : Case of the Technical Landfill Centre (CET) of Essaouira city - Morocco,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 638–653, September 2019.
