[ Etude de la relation entre l’exposition à la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic routier et l’incidence des pathologies respiratoires au niveau de la ville de Meknès, Maroc ]
Volume 31, Issue 3, December 2020, Pages 428–443
Ibrahim El Ghazi1, Imane Berni2, Aziza Menouni3, Mohammed Amane4, Marie-Paule Kestemont5, and Samir El Jaafari6
1 Cluster des Compétence «Environnement & santé», Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
2 Cluster des Compétence «Environnement & santé», Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
3 Cluster des Compétence «Environnement & santé», Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
4 Cluster des Compétence «Environnement & santé», Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
5 Université Catholique de Louvain la neuve, Belgium
6 Cluster des Compétence «Environnement & santé», Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
Original language: French
Copyright © 2020 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
For the monitoring of spatio-temporal variations of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) content, passive diffusive samplers have been deployed in 14 near-road and residential sites for 14 days to measure NO2. In parallel with the winter campaign to measure this tracer, road traffic counting sessions were carried out on the city's main roads.The coupling of the results of the measurement campaigns and the counting sessions under Arcgis 9.3 made it possible to determine the areas most affected by automobile pollution and to carry out a high spatial resolution mapping of the pollutant prospected.The results of this study show that atmospheric NO2 concentrations reach maximum values in the city center and decrease towards its periphery.The analysis of the epidemiological situation of the principal diseases related to air pollution in the city of Meknes during the study period (2010-2014) showed that among subjects aged 5 years and older, acute respiratory diseases occurred more in women and that the age group most affected was between 15 and 49 years, while asthma attacks were noted mainly among women aged 50 years and older. Acute respiratory illness and asthma attacks were more prevalent in the winter and fall. Among children under 5 years of age, the age group most affected by pneumonia was under 11 months of age.The use of spatialized GIS-based health indicators of these diseases, as well as the location of stationary and mobile sources of air pollution and measured NO2 levels, has made it possible to detect that residents in areas with heavy road traffic are likely to be more affected than those near areas of industrial activity. The type of habitat also contributes significantly to the development and exacerbation of the pathologies studied, especially in the districts of the old Medina.
Author Keywords: Air pollution, respiratory pathologies, NO2, mapping, GIS, Meknes.
Volume 31, Issue 3, December 2020, Pages 428–443
Ibrahim El Ghazi1, Imane Berni2, Aziza Menouni3, Mohammed Amane4, Marie-Paule Kestemont5, and Samir El Jaafari6
1 Cluster des Compétence «Environnement & santé», Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
2 Cluster des Compétence «Environnement & santé», Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
3 Cluster des Compétence «Environnement & santé», Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
4 Cluster des Compétence «Environnement & santé», Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
5 Université Catholique de Louvain la neuve, Belgium
6 Cluster des Compétence «Environnement & santé», Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
Original language: French
Copyright © 2020 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
For the monitoring of spatio-temporal variations of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) content, passive diffusive samplers have been deployed in 14 near-road and residential sites for 14 days to measure NO2. In parallel with the winter campaign to measure this tracer, road traffic counting sessions were carried out on the city's main roads.The coupling of the results of the measurement campaigns and the counting sessions under Arcgis 9.3 made it possible to determine the areas most affected by automobile pollution and to carry out a high spatial resolution mapping of the pollutant prospected.The results of this study show that atmospheric NO2 concentrations reach maximum values in the city center and decrease towards its periphery.The analysis of the epidemiological situation of the principal diseases related to air pollution in the city of Meknes during the study period (2010-2014) showed that among subjects aged 5 years and older, acute respiratory diseases occurred more in women and that the age group most affected was between 15 and 49 years, while asthma attacks were noted mainly among women aged 50 years and older. Acute respiratory illness and asthma attacks were more prevalent in the winter and fall. Among children under 5 years of age, the age group most affected by pneumonia was under 11 months of age.The use of spatialized GIS-based health indicators of these diseases, as well as the location of stationary and mobile sources of air pollution and measured NO2 levels, has made it possible to detect that residents in areas with heavy road traffic are likely to be more affected than those near areas of industrial activity. The type of habitat also contributes significantly to the development and exacerbation of the pathologies studied, especially in the districts of the old Medina.
Author Keywords: Air pollution, respiratory pathologies, NO2, mapping, GIS, Meknes.
Abstract: (french)
Pour la surveillance des teneurs du dioxyde d’azote (NO2), des tubes à diffusion passive ont été déployés dans 14 sites de proximité automobile et de fond pour une durée de 14 jours. Parallèlement à la campagne hivernale de mesure de ce traceur, des sessions de comptage du trafic routier ont été réalisées au niveau des principaux axes routiers de la ville.Le couplage des résultats des campagnes de mesures et des séances de comptage sous Arcgis 9.3 a permis de déterminer les zones les plus affectées par la pollution automobile et de réaliser ainsi une cartographie à haute résolution spatiale du polluant prospecté.Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les concentrations atmosphériques en NO2 atteignent des valeurs maximales dans le centre-ville et décroissent vers sa périphérie.L’analyse de la situation épidémiologique des principales maladies liées à la pollution atmosphérique dans la ville de Meknès durant la période d’étude (2010-2014) a montré que chez les sujets âgés de 5 ans et plus, les affections respiratoires aiguës survenaient plus chez les femmes et que la tranche d’âge la plus touchée a été celle allant de 15 à 49 ans, tandis que les crises d’asthme ont été notées surtout chez les femmes âgées de 50 ans et plus. Les affections respiratoires aiguës et les crises d’asthme ont été plus répandues en hiver et en automne. Chez les enfants âgés de moins de 5 ans, la tranche d’âge la plus touchée par la pneumonie était celle des moins de 11 mois.L’exploitation des indicateurs sanitaires spatialisés sous système d’information géographique (SIG) de ces maladies, ainsi que la localisation des sources fixes et mobiles de la pollution de l’air et les teneurs mesurées en NO2, a permis de déceler que les résidents dans des zones de fort trafic routier sont susceptibles d’être plus touchés que ceux avoisinant les zones d’activités industrielles. Le type d’habitat contribue également, d’une manière significative, au développement et à l’exacerbation des pathologies étudiées surtout au niveau des quartiers de l’ancienne Médina.
Author Keywords: Pollution atmosphérique, pathologies respiratoires, NO2, cartographie, SIG, Meknès.
How to Cite this Article
Ibrahim El Ghazi, Imane Berni, Aziza Menouni, Mohammed Amane, Marie-Paule Kestemont, and Samir El Jaafari, “Study of the relationship between exposure to road traffic-related air pollution and the incidence of respiratory pathologies in the city of Meknes, Morocco,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 428–443, December 2020.
