[ Analyse de la situation du développement humain en Afrique en 2022 ]
Volume 40, Issue 1, July 2023, Pages 41–50
Abasse Tchagbèlè1
1 Maître-Assistant en Sociologie, Université de Kara, BP 404, Togo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2023 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Development is a complex process that gives rise to several theses, which are as diverse as they are controversial, concerning its definition. The UNDP presented, as it does every year, a report on human development published in 2022. This document thus served as the basis for the analysis of this study, the objective of which is to present and comment on the ranking of African countries and to throw a critical look at the indicators used for this purpose. The methodological approach was essentially documentary and indeed consisted in reviewing the UNDP report, as well as many other scientific documents. The analysis of the said report reveals that the only African country to appear in the category of countries with very high human development (DH) is Mauritius (63rd in the world). In that of the high DH, there are seven countries, namely the Seychelles Islands, Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, South Africa and Gabon. Next in the medium DH category are Botswana and Morocco. It should be noted that no West African country is among the top ten in the ranking. In addition, the study made it possible to identify the shortcomings of economic indicators such as GDP, the promoters of which are accused of ignoring harmful and domestic services in their calculations. As for the UNDP, which is at the origin of the HDI, many researchers denounce the solitary and, moreover, arbitrary choice of the components of this index made by the UNDP to assess development. In addition to the HDI, the IPM takes into account certain basic social services such as access to electricity and water.
Author Keywords: Human development, economic indicators, human development indicator, multidimensional poverty indicator, Africa.
Volume 40, Issue 1, July 2023, Pages 41–50
Abasse Tchagbèlè1
1 Maître-Assistant en Sociologie, Université de Kara, BP 404, Togo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2023 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Development is a complex process that gives rise to several theses, which are as diverse as they are controversial, concerning its definition. The UNDP presented, as it does every year, a report on human development published in 2022. This document thus served as the basis for the analysis of this study, the objective of which is to present and comment on the ranking of African countries and to throw a critical look at the indicators used for this purpose. The methodological approach was essentially documentary and indeed consisted in reviewing the UNDP report, as well as many other scientific documents. The analysis of the said report reveals that the only African country to appear in the category of countries with very high human development (DH) is Mauritius (63rd in the world). In that of the high DH, there are seven countries, namely the Seychelles Islands, Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, South Africa and Gabon. Next in the medium DH category are Botswana and Morocco. It should be noted that no West African country is among the top ten in the ranking. In addition, the study made it possible to identify the shortcomings of economic indicators such as GDP, the promoters of which are accused of ignoring harmful and domestic services in their calculations. As for the UNDP, which is at the origin of the HDI, many researchers denounce the solitary and, moreover, arbitrary choice of the components of this index made by the UNDP to assess development. In addition to the HDI, the IPM takes into account certain basic social services such as access to electricity and water.
Author Keywords: Human development, economic indicators, human development indicator, multidimensional poverty indicator, Africa.
Abstract: (french)
Le développement est un processus complexe qui suscite plusieurs thèses tout aussi diversifiées que controversées concernant sa définition. Le PNUD a présenté, comme chaque année, un rapport sur le développement humain publié en 2022. Ce document a ainsi servi de base d’analyse de la présente étude dont l’objectif est de présenter et commenter le classement des pays africains et de jeter un regard critique sur les indicateurs utilisés à cet effet. La démarche méthodologique a été essentiellement documentaire et a en effet consisté à faire la revue du rapport du PNUD, ainsi que bien d’autres documents scientifiques. L’analyse du dudit rapport révèle que le seul pays africain à figurer dans la catégorie des pays à développement humain (DH) très élevés est l’Ile Maurice (63ème rang mondial). Dans celle du DH élevé, se trouvent sept pays à savoir les Iles Seychelles, l’Algérie, l’Egypte, la Tunisie, la Libye, l’Afrique du Sud et le Gabon. Viennent ensuite dans la catégorie du DH moyen, le Botswana et le Maroc. A noter qu’aucun pays ouest-africain ne figure parmi les dix premiers rangs du classement. Par ailleurs, l’étude a permis de relever les insuffisances des indicateurs économiques tels que le PIB dont il est reproché aux promoteurs d’ignorer dans leur calcul, les services nuisibles et domestiques. Quant au PNUD qui est à l’origine de l’IDH, bien de chercheurs dénoncent le choix solitaire et de surcroît arbitraire des composantes de cet indice opéré par le PNUD pour évaluer le développement. En complément de l’IDH, l’IPM permet la prise en compte de certains services sociaux fondamentaux que sont, entre autres, l’accès à l’électricité et à l’eau.
Author Keywords: développement humain, indicateurs économiques, indicateur de développement humain, indicateur de la pauvreté multidimensionnelle, Afrique.
How to Cite this Article
Abasse Tchagbèlè, “Analysis of the situation of human development in Africa in 2022,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 41–50, July 2023.
