The present study was carried out in the Zone of Health of Bwamanda, in the Provincial Division of the South Ubangi in DRC. The various actors on ground, in particular the male nurses, the patients and the population in general were approximate for better including/understanding their attitude and difficulties compared to the frame of reference. The transport and the costs of care in general like the transport charges, the costs secondary and the tariffs of care probably constitute the most significant barriers compared to the reference. Nevertheless, other barriers could be identified with certainty, more particularly the negative attitude of the male nurses towards the references (because they would decrease their prestige), the deficit of dialogue between the male nurse and his patients, corruption on the level of the hospital and the visits of the culturally obligatory patients for the population. Other cultural barriers are resignation and the recourse to the traditional therapists. This study enabled us to better include/understand the stakes of the frame of reference. It now remains to be seen how the medical services can reinforce the system in order to act on the various determinants favorable to the change.

The study we conducted focused on «the determinants of alcohol consumption by pregnant women in the ZSUR of Gemena, whose objective was to identify the explanatory factors of alcohol consumption. alcohol by pregnant women. It starts from the observation of excessive alcohol consumption by pregnant women in the locality of Bozagba for which we asked ourselves this research question: what are the explanatory factors of excessive alcohol consumption by pregnant women? ? In view of this question, we hypothesized that the excessive consumption of alcohol by pregnant women in the locality of Bozagba is due to: Ignorance of the harmful effects of alcohol on pregnancy by pregnant women. To verify the hypotheses, we used the survey method supported by the structured observation technique and the face-to-face interview. After the manual tabulation and analysis of the data collected, we obtained the following results: - 60% of respondents have a low level of knowledge about the harmful effects of alcohol on pregnancy; 33.3% have an average level and 6.7% have a high level. - More than 86.7% consume 4 to 6 glasses of alcohol per day; 10% consume 7 to 10 glasses of alcohol a day; - 50% of respondents consume alcohol to cope with worries without however recognizing their harm to their health; 30% for their prestige and 20% for the pleasant taste; In addition, the study revealed that after being informed of the harmful effects of alcohol on the health of the mother and the fetus, 73% of the respondents have positive attitudes towards alcohol withdrawal while 27% negative attitudes.

At the end of this study entitled « Survey of motivational factors for the consumption of alcoholic beverages by young people aged 18 to 35: Case of the city of Gemena » from 2020-2022, the main objective of which was to detect the motives that encourage young people to drink alcohol. We have made assumptions that: 1) Alcohol calms and makes you forget the worry. 2) Alcohol gives pleasure. 3) Alcohol is an appetizer for the meal. 4) Alcohol is a tonic. 5) Alcohol increases sexual desire. In order to collect information from consumers, we used the technique of data collection by the interview guide is that we arrived at 200 consumers as the size of our sample; by the sampling technique; a probabilistic with two degrees in particular: by convenience: which determined the choice of the consumers interviewed in the various districts which cover the city of Gemena; by quota: who distributed the number of consumers by district. After interpreting and discussing our results, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) Alcohol calms and makes you forget the worry: 65% or 130 consumers confirmed our hypothesis. 2) 77.5% or 145 consumers confirmed that alcohol gives pleasure. 3) 60% or 120 say that alcohol is an aperitif for the meal. 4) 56.5% or 177 consumers say that alcohol is a tonic. 5) 94% or 188 consumers said that alcohol increases sexual desire. By all of our results sufficiently proves and confirms our hypotheses.

Starting from this study, it should be recalled that our ambition was to know if the working conditions of scientific personnel are favorable for a professional and scientific activity, then to see the reasons and the remedies to be proposed for the improvement of working conditions in this higher and university institution. Faced with all these concerns, we have found that there are many favorable working conditions: among the working conditions of scientific staff, others are far from favorable, particularly those relating to: poor working conditions, institutional bonuses, service bonuses, salary, continuing education, documents and teaching materials. Among all the working conditions, we have found that these are mainly organizational from a social, economic and material point of view at the Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Gemena. The accomplishment of work (teaching), advancement in grade, the course schedule and communication at work which are very favorable for the scientific staff and which are the basis of the motivation and satisfaction of the scientific staff at the Higher Institute Gemena Medical Techniques. The poor working conditions mentioned above are the causes of the demotivation and dissatisfaction of health professionals. Which led them to say that they are ready to leave their current job in the profile of another if the opportunity arises. In short, we say that the working conditions of scientific personnel are still difficult and unsatisfactory. Several elements that we have just revealed in this study show that the working conditions of scientific personnel are less favourable. These working conditions can have a negative impact not only on the life of staff but also on the quality of teaching at the Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Gemena.

It is important for us to present a Abstract of this research. We started from an observation of the decline in productivity in the supervision of students; insufficient training of course teachers in terms of planning - monitoring - supervision - supervision and evaluation of courses; insufficient supervision both by field supervisors and by teachers of theoretical courses; the low level of involvement of the Sections in the process of planning and carrying out the courses; the plethoric number of students in institutions which makes supervision difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the practical teaching of students on the quality of internship supervision at ISTM-Gemena. We used the survey method, supported by the technique of self-administered questionnaire for the socio-professional characteristics of the respondents, based on the supervision of the students during the practical lessons, to collect data on the variables of the study, namely: pedagogical training, supervision methodology, tools or modules, teaching materials, preparation, supervision, monitoring and evaluation and supervision. Through this study, it turned out that the degree of application of teachers during supervision and practical lessons would be low firstly because of the level of pedagogical training, the preparation of the subjects to be taught which are improvised, poor supervision methodology, no follow-up and supervision of students in the field by ISTM-Gemena supervisors, absence of some didactic supervision materials, demotivation of teachers. Indeed, the results of the present study do not reveal any statistically significant difference between the different distributions according to the socio-professional characteristics observed and the supervision of the students during the practical lessons shown by the survey subjects during the practical lessons. Of all the above, we say that all hypotheses are confirmed.

We do not claim to have exhausted everything in this area. We could write everything but we have limited ourselves to what you have in your hands so that you too can continue with research in this matter. Our ambition was to unseal the main motivating factors of the academic and scientific staff of ISTM-Gemena. To carry out this study, we used quantitative descriptive methods and documentary and interview techniques which led us to this result. The reality of the Democratic Republic of Congo has always shown that the staff is not well paid and motivated, hence the teachers of higher institutes and universities always seek to accumulate in order to live well. To the men of science, after reading this work, you would be able to carry out investigations in this field to bring to light all that is hidden in State Societies, your systematic search also proves to be essential for the future of our scientific environment. Thus, the result of our research confirmed the initial hypothesis that academic and scientific staff are motivated. The motivating factors of the Staff are more of social orders whereas the motivation of economic orders does not turn out to be necessary for an academic and scientific staff. This is why all the academic and scientific staff are cumulative. We encourage what ISTM-Gemena is doing but we ask them to improve and add other ingredients and condiments to make the sauce even better, because the man is an eternal dissatisfied. On the whole, all the factors analyzed in the results interpretation table are not all motivational like economic factors. However, it should be noted that those that are more motivational are the work of the teachers themselves, advancement in grade, performance bonuses, responsibility and freedom granted to work, interpersonal relations, communication with colleagues, management. participant, the assignments of the courses, the recognition of the efforts made and of the merit insofar as these factors are global and not specific.

This study is conducted in the health zone of BUDJALA in the health area of ​​BALAW on the explanatory factors of early marriages of adolescent girls. To achieve the objective we have set, we asked the following research questions: what are the explanatory factors of early marriage among adolescents in the Budjala health zone, specifically those in the BALAW health area? Our study is of the transversal descriptive type, we used the method of investigation supported by the technique of interior on the basis of a pre-established questionnaire as an instrument of data collection, the size of our sample is 320 adolescent girls living in the aforementioned health area. In view of all the above we say that, Health interventions adapted to adolescents and young people are not taken into account, the particularities of physiological and emotional mutations of adolescents and young people, the prejudices that surround this age group, as well as that the need for their involvement in solving their problems remains a problem in the ZS of BUDJALA in particular and the DRC in general. The promotion of behaviors favorable to the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents and young people in order to contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality in this age group remains a battle horse for achieving the Millenium Objectives for development.

This our research carried out in the health zone of Gemena precisely in AS SALONGO1, the aim of which was to assess the quality of prenatal consultation, check the practice of prenatal consultation by providers, survey the opinion of pregnant women on the quality of the CPN and in order to detect the deficits and propose possible solutions, The survey method supported by the interview technique on the basis of pre-established questionnaires as an instrument for collecting data and observation has enabled us to judged the actions taken by the service providers, the documentary review allowed us to verify the data of some prenatal consultation sheets that were within our reach. We opted for exhaustive non-probability sampling. The size of our sample is 55 pregnant women from AS SALONGO1 and all CS SALONGO1 providers. During the study, we were able to analyze the quality of the health structure, the quality of the services of the Prenatal Consultation offered and we observed the services of the staff and finally the opinion of the pregnant women on the quality of the care received.

The purpose of this study was to study and determine the stress factors among nurses at the HGR Mbaya and the choice of this subject has the advantage of allowing the managers of this institution to manage stress well and this for the proper functioning of this public institution. To conduct this study, we used the statistical method and the survey technique by presenting the results on tables with interpretations and discussion of the results. In our various analyzes and interpretations of the results of this study showed that the main factors of stress among nurses as presented at the point of our discussion of the results because out of five groups of factors, four determine stress in a negative way, namely the group factors related to the task or to the context of the same work with pressures in the execution of daily tasks. The group of factors related to the organization of work with the promotion that is slow to come, the group of factors related to the physical and technical environment not favoring a workflow and in order the group of factors related to the socio -economic with bonuses and salaries that do not allow personal and family needs to be met.

This study focuses on medico-social support for the elderly in the town of Gemena, particularly in the SUKIA district. It all started with a bitter observation and a sad reality about the abandonment of old people in our circles. In the streets of Gemena, it is not uncommon to find elderly people either begging or carrying heavy loads on their heads to go and sell. So, they had to give themselves a deserved rest. The objective that we have set for ourselves is to identify the socio-economic and health conditions in which the elderly in our community live. But also, identify the obstacles to their support. We used a descriptive, transversal estimate in the quantitative approach. The sampling type was of the probability cluster type, with a sample size of 200 people. The question we asked ourselves was how to provide medico-social support for the elderly in the town of Gemena. We started from the hypothesis according to which medico-social support for the elderly is almost non-existent in the city of Gemena because of: poverty; the abandonment of children and the lack of support from the Congolese state. At the end of our study, we came to the conclusion that medico-social support for the elderly is provided largely through the support of children, while support from the Congolese state is nil.

Youth is in crisis, all over the world we deplore several problems linked to youth or adolescence: drugs, premature sexuality with its share of consequences, alcohol, delinquency, dropping out of studies, illegal abortions, STDs. After the analyzes carrying out the verification of the hypotheses, we arrived at the following results: The study shows in relation to the knowledge that, 68% of our respondents have a very sufficient level of knowledge, 26.0% whose level is sufficient and 6.0% with an insufficient level of knowledge. This allows us to reject our first hypothesis according to which, the pupils of the terminal degree of Gemena observe a low level of knowledge on sexuality, prevention of HIV / AIDS and STIs; and, this low level of knowledge is due to low life skills education. This, in light of our acceptability criterion of 60% or more. Age (X2: 66.762a; dof: 3; p = 0.000) and sex (X2: 177.344a; dof: 1; p = 0.000) have an impact on knowledge, attitudes and practices in matters of sexuality. And prevention of STIs, HIV / AIDS, because all calculated values ​​are greater than tabular values. The fact of having studied the course of the EDAV has a positive impact on the acquisition of knowledge (X2: 84.017a; dof: 2; p = 0.000), favorable attitudes (X2: 147.890a; dof: 1; p = 0.000) and good practices for the prevention of STIs and HIV / AIDS (X2: 21.782a; dof: 1; p = 0.000); because all calculated values ​​are much greater than tabular ones. We allow ourselves to confirm our second hypothesis according to which there are relationships between the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of students in terms of HIV / AIDS and STI prevention and the impact (the fact of having studied the course) from life skills education.

The present study was carried out in the provincial public health laboratory of sud ubangi in DR Congo. Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections in town and in hospitals. The treatment depends on the biological diagnosis (antibiogram) in general and when this one is biased, it remains recurrence. Numerous studies show that urinary tract infections affect around 40 to 50% of women during their lifetimes and that a third of its women will develop a urinary tract infection before the age of 24 worldwide.We conducted a prospective experimental study from January to September 2020. The type of samples used for this study is convenience non-probabilistic. After analysis we found the following results: 52 cases or 60.5% are female against 34 cases or 39.5% male, the most represented age group is that of 21-40 years with 46 cases or 53.5, Escherichia coli is dominant with 34 positive cases or 39.5% followed by Enterobacter with 11 cases or 12.7%, 11 patients had Escherichia coli or 32.4% male against 24 female or 46.2 followed by staphylococcus with 7 cases or 20.6% male on the other hand the female had only 8 cases of klebsiela or 15.4%, and 6 female cases had Enterobacter or 11.5%.In addition, among the antibiotics selected to perform the antibiogram, 6 AB are sensitive to Morganella, Enterobacter or 60% vis-à-vis the latter, while 4 AB are sensitive to Escherichia coli and staphylococcus or 40%, on the other hand 3 AB are also sensitive to Citrobacter and klebsiela, ie 30%. But 43 AB used for the antibiogram, 7 are resistant to E. COLI and citrobacter by each one is 70%, on the other hand 90% or 9 AB are resistant against enterobacter and klebsiela either 90% but 8 AB or 80% were also resistant. While 3 AB or 30% had the same action.

A descriptive study was carried out at the district of Congo, Commune de Labo, to evaluate the quantity of charcoal consumed by households. This is to contribute to the reflection to reduce and / or slow the rate of deforestation and degradation of so-called standing forests in the province of South Ubangi.The survey was carried out on a population of 50 households, from which we extracted a sample of 50 persons of the same sex over a period from January to July 2019.The latter led to the following results: 88% of households surveyed use charcoal as their main source of energy for cooking.

Low birth weight is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a birth weight strictly less than 2500g, regardless of the term of the pregnancy. It constitutes a major public health problem, in both developed and developing countries, by virtue of its magnitude and its strong association with infant morbidity and mortality.Our cross-sectional descriptive study analyzes the characteristics of mothers and their newborns. The target of this study consisted of all newborn babies living during the period from January to December 2019, of single fetal pregnancy.At the end of our study, we reported 242 newborns with low birth weight out of 1998 live births, ie 12.1% grouped together in low weight; very low weight and extremely very low weight.During our study, we noted that parturients who had not reached the 4 CPN were approximately 7 times more likely to have birth weights ˂1500g and this difference was statistically significant. OR = 7.60 (95% CI 1.01-57.31) Chi2 = 4.1 p = 0.04.On the socio-demographic level, 31.8% of parturients came from the Municipality of Kampemba; 83.1% were married; 37.2% were primiparous; 55.37% of NNEs were Female; Malaria predominated at 38.4% followed by urinary tract infections 17.4%; HIV infection: 1.7%.This work could help health care workers at all levels of the system to better understand the problems of low birth weight and to do more for the health of mothers and children.

Night work is work carried out in whole or in part at night, it is work which is a source of particular hardship and which can have consequences for the health of the nursing staff and the patient. Indeed, the nurse's night working conditions do not always give him the means to provide quality care and meet the needs of patients. This study is the result of a study carried out at the General Reference Hospital of Gemena on Night working conditions of nurses at the General Reference Hospital Gemena and quality of care. The objective of this study is to identify the night working conditions of nurses and their repercussions on the quality of care. The collection of data informed us about the different difficulties encountered during the night shift. To carry out this study, we used the survey method. To collect reliable data related to the objective of this study, we used structured observation and face-to-face interview. The results of the study showed that the night working conditions of nurses are moderately sufficient, namely, poor organization of night service, overwork, insufficient protection and safety measures, absence initiatives and financial encouragement for nursing staff, which increases the physical and mental burden of nurses and affects their health. This study highlighted the night working conditions which can have negative repercussions on the quality of care, either by increasing the patient's stay or by complicating their state of health. Night work is completely different from day work, night nurses are exposed more to certain conditions with negative repercussions: on their state of health, and their patients too. The results of the study showed that at the level of this service, the night working conditions are acceptable for 53% of the nurses, they allow the nursing staff to evolve in a climate of satisfaction and motivation.