Public administration in Africa has been undergoing restructuring for two decades. This process is justified by the dysfunction, if not by the lack of professionalism in the public service. In this restructuring, the consideration of values is necessary. However, in the absence of an architectonic ethical value capable of coordinating all other values, the process of such a revitalization only leads to the personal disengagement of public administration agents in Africa and the impoverishment of their relation to work, which leads in return, in other ways, to difficulties similar to those which we seek to solve. The purpose of the present paper is therefore to indicate that restructuring, in order to correct the decay of public administration services in Africa and to achieve an efficient productivity gain that can enhance economic efficiency, requires an architectonic ethical value, to coordinate others. This architectural value for us is nothing but justice. Our work starts from the necessity of the reform of the public administration in Africa to the requirement of the taking into account of the ethical values and finishes by emphasizing the Rawlsian conception of the justice as architectonic ethical value for a public administration efficient in Africa.