In the Lukula Territory, slash-and-burn agriculture remains the most significant occupation, but with negative effects on the vegetation cover. It is dominated by the presence of natives who exploit it anytime, anywhere, anyhow, in the mayumbe forest as well as in the savannas, according to three types of crops, namely: fruit, market gardening and food. This regular and irrational exploitation of the aforementioned ecosystems causes different forms of interrelated equilibrium disruptions, and this leads to low agricultural yields. What are the environmental and ecological consequences linked to slash-and-burn agriculture as practiced around the Lukula Territory? This concern has led us to presuppose that the environmental and ecological consequences are varied and interactive, mainly affecting the ecological, economic and socio-cultural functions that forest and savannah ecosystems fulfill. Hence, the constant installation of environmental, ecological, economic and social vulnerabilities.The results obtained from this study confirm that the agricultural practice area is located either in the Mayumbe forest (opinion of 71% of subjects surveyed), or in the savannas (opinion of 29% of subjects surveyed).