The Kouroussa prefecture is one of five prefectures in the Kankan region in the North-East and is an integral part of the upper Niger basin in the Republic of Guinea. It is an area that is experiencing the effects of climate change on the hydrological balance and the activities of local populations. The objective of the study is to characterize the hydroclimatic and thermal parameters in order to foresee the possibilities of natural exploitation of solar energy for the development of agricultural activities in the study area. In this study we determined the drought indices and calculated the specific energies from solar radiation. In terms of the results of the study, we note that the period from 1981 to 1993 the average rainfall value equals 1082 mm when the drought period from 1994 to 2010 is characterized by an average rainfall of 1131 mm. From 2011 to 2022 the rainfall is 1742 mm. The river is experiencing a period of drought for an average flow of 121.5 m3/s from 1980 to 1994. The average flow of 173.3 m3/s estimated for the period 1995-2018 explains the alternating drought phenomena. and surplus. The balance deficit is worth 95% of precipitation and the energies calculated at the expense of temperatures vary between 2048.10E-26 and 2062 10E-26 joules for an average of 2054. 10E-26 joules. Solar radiation established in the north and northeast of the area is characterized by temperatures varying between 25 and 27°C for an average temperature equal to 26°C. Solar energy sources can be used among many other possibilities for exploiting renewable energy for the benefit of the populations of Kouroussa.