The Phosphorus content is a necessary part of fertilizers used in Pakistan and is readily available in single super phosphate fertilizer. Pakistani rock phosphate being of low grade cannot be used by conventional method to prepare good quality SSP. This rock however, can be used by some unconventional techniques for preparing some better quality fertilizer. For the subject study rock phosphate samples were collected from Hazara, Pakistan and were ground to 150 mesh level containing 24% total phosphate pentoxide (P2O5) content and were treated with different ratios of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Seven samples with composition comprising of fix weight of rock phosphate i.e. 100 gm were prepared by treating it with H2SO4 (diluted to 65%) and H3PO4 (of 85% purity) in w/w ratios of (13:1, 13:2, 4:1, 11:4, 2:1 and 3:2) were manually prepared and analyzed through spectro-photometric method before and after a curing period of two weeks. The results obtained showed that there was enhancement in P2O5 up to 22.9% total and 19.9% available P2O5 content by addition of H3PO4 and H2SO4 (in weight ratios of 3:2) to the conventional formulation of single super phosphate (SSP) containing the rock phosphate and H2SO4 only. The results lead to conclude that the phosphorus content in SSP made from low quality local rock phosphate can be effectively enhanced and a market grade SSP(with 18% available P2O5) can be prepared using the local rock without any need to import rock phosphate from other countries.

Six types of broken rice were chosen such as KSK-133, Basmati-86, Basmati Super, Kaynaat, IRRI-6, KS-282 then after the market survey, got its prices and also got its initial compositions of starch then one type of broken rice KSK-133 was selected due to economical point of view because its initial composition of starch was 70.3% and its price was 34 rupees per kilogram. The low quality rice processed to produce the rice starch. The production process of the rice starch from low quality rice KSK-133 investigated. The starch extracted from rice by alkaline extraction technique. The main objective is to obtain high starch content from KSK-133 and compare with starch content of other two types which are even more economical such as IRRI-6 and KS-282 at best extraction condition of KSK-133. The independent variables are types of broken rice. In a steeping process, used distilled water with grinded flour sample of rice and set the operating conditions. 0.1M caustic soda solution was used for set the test pH. Maximum rice starch has been recovered up to 95.4% from KSK-133. In comparison of starch content with other two types, KSK-133 starch content 89.95%, IRRI-6 starch content 86.64% and KS-282 starch content 87.52% has been achieved at best extraction condition.