Fracture aquifers are actual major issue in hydrogeology. They are an essential resource for many populations around the world. The present study focuses on major fractures that control groundwater and surface water flow, and play a key role in the productivity of fractured reservoirs. The use of numerical processing techniques (Selective Principal Component Analysis (SPCA), band ratios) and directional filtering by Sobel and Yésou allowed the identification of major fractures in the Black Volta Basin in Côte d’Ivoire. Validation of the latter was done by several field works (geology, hydrogeology and geomorphology) and a comparative analysis. Three groups of NS, NE-SW and E-W lineament directions were identified from these images. The structural field data generally indicate similar directions. Field data and satellite image processing show that most of these lineaments correspond to either shear faults or veins related to Eburnian and post-Eburnian orogenic events. The comparative analysis carried out revealed concordances with previous studies and automatically detected structures in the same area. The final lineament map generated for the study area will help to identify potential areas for drilling for water supply purposes.