The cashew sector, the second largest agricultural export product in Burkina Faso, is experiencing a shift in practices towards organic production. The objective of this study was to analyze the determining factors in the adoption of organic cashew production. The methodological approach consisted of surveys in the commune of Péni (Burkina Faso). The survey was conducted on a sample of 150 producers taken randomly from the list of members of producer groups. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the factors. A multiple linear regression was performed to assess the dependencies between the participation indicators and the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the respondents. The results showed that the sample is made up of 99% indigenous people, including 67% men and 31% women. The adoption of organic cashew production is highly dependent on factors related to consumers (consumer demand for health quality, awareness of the dangers of pesticides), the economic environment and the organization of producers (low purchasing power of producers, high cost and fluctuation of input prices, search for autonomy from firms, organization in cooperatives, etc.). In addition, the adoption of organic cashew production also depends very significantly on socio-economic and demographic characteristics (gender, ethnicity and residence status). Consequently, the adoption of organic farming at the cashew level is undoubtedly the result of the combination of socio-economic factors, the characteristics of producers and all conditioned by the mode of access and management of local land.