Urbanization is the process through which a society or territory transitions from a predominantly rural lifestyle to a mainly urban one. Although commonly associated with economic and social development, it causes significant spatial transformations, particularly increasing pressure on rural and peri-urban land. In Côte d’Ivoire, this issue remains insufficiently integrated into public planning policies, despite being a pressing reality. Local populations often do not fully perceive the challenges related to the sustainable management of agricultural spaces, which are vital for food security and the local economy. It is therefore essential to implement appropriate mechanisms to conserve these lands, especially in urban peripheries. Understanding land management practices provides a relevant starting point to analyze the tensions between urban expansion and agricultural preservation. This study, conducted in Songon, examines the management of agricultural spaces amid urbanization, identifying policies and local practices. The methodology combines documentary research, direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and a questionnaire survey. Twenty key actors, including customary and village authorities and relevant ministry officials, were interviewed using purposive sampling, while a simple random sample covered 204 landowners. The results highlight policies favoring urbanization over integrated agricultural management, leading to a significant reduction of agricultural land. Sustainable management of this limited resource requires collective awareness and coordinated action by institutional and local actors.