Ever since automobiles evolved as the dominant transportation mode, road safety emerged as one of the governments' greatest concerns. A number of surveys highlight the fact that unpredictable reaction of drivers is one of the major accident reasons, especially on highways and major roads. Researchers have not made many efforts to tackle this issue, which leaves this a rather untouched problem requiring more research. Intelligent transport systems (ITS) technologies are increasingly being accepted by traffic authorities and people. This paper attempts to offer an ITS solution which can help to learn and predict drivers' behaviors which can be useful for predicting their actions and reactions during driving. This approach consists of three major phases: Learning, Modeling and Predicting. An artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been applied for learning phase and then the learned parameters are utilized in generating a fuzzy model of the driver behavior which can be a basis for the third phase which is prediction. In other words, this research uses a neuro-fuzzy approach to learn, model and predict a driver's behavior. Previously, researches have been conducted in providing safer roads by using intelligent systems and inter-vehicle communication. The aim is to implement this process in personal devices, each located in every car, which are inter-connected.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) provides information for data acquisition and data distribution. It is a network that consists of spatially distributed and automated wireless sensor nodes which are capable of monitoring several physical environmental fields such as air pressure, luminosity, vibration and temperature. This paper focuses on the design of a WSN utilising ZigBee protocol and Waspmote technologies; the purpose is to provide telemetry services for industrial applications which will be required to collect data about light bulb luminosity as well as its associated surroundings. At the end of the processes, WSN framework was designed showing initial results of bulb luminescence reading, temperature and accelerometer; the designed system has the capability of sending real-time data over a network platform utilising the ZigBee 802.15.4 protocol with sensor nodes attached to the circuit board; this will provide radio frequency telemetric services, utilising a cost effective platform that has the benefits of overcoming the cumbersome measures presently in operation. Sensor networks methods of development overtime have suffered setbacks for lack of well-defined practical approach that will produce results patterned for industrial acceptance; this paper measures on this area using a model that is environmental and eco-friendly.

Rapid project development in human societies across the globe has led to the need to strengthen environmental regulation in order to protect the environment, its features and inhabitants from the negative consequences of development without stifling urbanisation. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is therefore, a legally-recognised measure of controlling the excesses of developers or proponents. This study investigated the wide variation in global EIA practice in terms of screening, scoping and administration. The current underlying challenges associated with the practice of EIA across the globe such as inadequate monitoring, bribery, excessive bureaucracy and obsolete environmental legislations were also studied. Some of the challenges were country or region-specific due to the following factors: geographical location, project type, socio-economic pattern and legal institutional framework; however, recommendations were offered on how these challenges can be managed effectively considering the environmental-specificity of the affected countries. The recommendations include: merging identical EIA administrative authorities to reduce bureaucracy; EIA should be carried out by the competent authority in each country and proper post-development monitoring should be encouraged as these would help curtail bribery and reduce bias; check and balance mechanisms must be set in place so as to reduce the excesses of the proponents since they fund the monitoring process; old legal EIA documents in affected countries should be reviewed to meet current needs.

This paper presents new techniques of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) technology which are employed to increase the certain demand of power system stability and control. Today, power system control operation is fully automated with an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) technology and improves the reliability, productivity and efficiency of power industry. The power generating equipment can be controlled by maintaining the power system frequency at constant value. And power system frequency control is achieved by Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and governing systems of individual turbine-generators. This achieves the automation of whole power plant based on automatic control of water-turbine generator. Therefore the mechanism of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) makes operation limitation condition units that ensure the safe operation of power plant with the principle of Energy Management System and primary functions. At the time of carrying out these functions, it is necessary to avoid the frequent start/stop of units caused by short-term load fluctuation of power system and detail problems are discussed in the paper. At the end study is also focused in engineering problems and target function of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) in hydropower plant.

Beliefs concerning human nature are widely examined in a series of past studies (1945, 1956, 1988, 1989). This study aimed to investigate Greek (high school and university) students' and teachers' current beliefs about human nature. A total of 307 participants: 83 beginning Greek undergraduate psychology and 94 medical students, 100 high school students and 30 high school teachers completed a 20-item questionnaire about superstitious beliefs. These data were compared with previous data from psychology first-year university students and high school teachers. The mean percentage of superstition per item for the undergraduate psychology students group was similar to the medical students, showing no statistically significant differences between the two groups. A dramatic drop was found in comparison to results on a similar first year undergraduate group of psychology students 24 years before. The same questionnaire showed a similar spectacular decline in superstitions concerning a group of high school teachers in the present study and 21 years before. The fourth study group of high school students gave a similar general disbelief in superstitions. The radical change in the way that young adults perceive human nature highlights the importance of direct or indirect time-changing cultural, scientific, and mainly educational influences. Future research should elucidate the factors influencing beliefs about human nature.

The grains of four sorghum cultivars (Tabat, Tetrom, WadAhmed and Gadambellia) were grown in a sandy clay soil with a pH 7.2 for two consecutive seasons under different levels (0, 2, 4, and 8 gm/5kg soil) of micronutrients fertilizer and a constant level of macronutrients (6 gm/5kg soil). After addition of the fertilizers and water to the soil, the pH dropped to 5.7. Macroelements (Ca, P, Mg, K and Na) content and extractability (bioavailability) of the harvested grains were investigated. The content of macro-elements of the grains harvested during both growing seasons was significantly (p ? 0.05) increased with increase in micronutrients dose. However, the grains harvested during the second season for all cultivars had significantly (p ? 0.05) higher amount of macroelements than that harvested during the first season. Calcium content of the cultivar Tabat and sodium content of the cultivar Tetron were increased by more than 100% as a maximum values during the second season. Macroelements extractability (bioavailability) was increased with micronutrients fertilization with very few exceptions. The maximum value of extractability recorded was 92.88% for Mg extracted from the grains of Tabat cultivars grown under 8 gm/5kg soil micronutrients. The results revealed that micronutrients fertilization of sorghum cultivars is an ideal method in improving macroelements contents. Moreover, the pH (5.7) is the suitable value for the acquisition of micronutrients by the plant.

The study was conducted to analyze farmers' incentives and challenges in the internal marketing policy of cocoa in Ghana by using two administrative districts (Nkawie and Dunkwa) of the Ghana COCOBOD. A random sample of 171 respondents was drawn from across the two cocoa producing districts and the data analyzed using frequency tables and the Kendall's coefficient of concordance. Most cocoa Farmers were found to be land secured because they either owned their lands (73%) or practiced the abunu (21.1%) system of land tenure. Farmers mean age and farming experience were estimated as 52 and 17 years respectively; an indication of an ageing farming population and highly experienced cocoa farmers. Most farmers (87%) believed that the internal marketing policy of cocoa has provided non-pricing incentives for them to increase their cocoa production in Ghana. Prompt payment was found by 79% of farmers to be the most important incentive derived from the policy. This was followed by easy access to credit, and employments at the communities as the Licensed Buying Companies (LBCs) compete among themselves at the farm-gate. However, farmers were mostly challenged by the way the LBCs adjust weighing scales at the farm gate to the disadvantage of farmers. It is therefore recommended that, the competition in the internal marketing should stay as the Ghana Standards Board strengthens their monitoring role of ensuring that weighing scales are not adjusted to the detriment of farmers.

Millet and cowpea crops are important for food security, poverty alleviation and malnutrition in the arid Sahel. The two crops generally grow together and have the advantage of supporting poor climatic conditions such as drought and low use of inputs which characterize agriculture in the world's least developed countries. Recent climate change raised up the dryness phenomenon and the traditional species cycle of production is no longer adapted to the reduced length of the wet seasons. New early and drought tolerant varieties are needed to ensure a steady supply of food in the driest regions on the planet. As it was done in numerous species, the mutation induced breeding can help to develop new crop varieties in pearl millet and cowpea. This method is carried out in Niger, in the Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology to find out varieties of pearl millet and cowpea, more drought and high temperatures tolerant. This work examines the sensitivity of these two species to gamma radiation, as a first prerequisite step, for crop improving using mutation induction technique. The LD50 was found to be 669,3 Gy for millet crop and respectively 176,6 and 209,4 Gy for TN578 and IT90K 372-1-2 cowpea varieties.

Irrigation water quality has significant importance in dry region that have high temperature and low humidity. Mechanical properties and physical properties are stability, porous, soil structure and hydraulic directing relative to exchange ion in irrigation. We can control problem due to pollution in environment level and water resources and can increase products performance. Eatable vegetable are in border with respect to consumption process and should be evaluate because of gathering different elements such as heavy metal like sorb, calcium, corm, Niche, Mercury, Arsenic, cobalt. Model output is depending on application method and reuse method of effluent. Also filterable effluent volume, weather situation, cost and investment level and each value are other effective factors. Recommendation are filtration, Earth filter and soon. We can attribute part of filter to irrigation system trend. Also we can avoid of effluent mix apply or effluent alternative application. Najafi (2002) shows that subsurface drop irrigation filtration application has meaningful effect on complementary treatment and effluent pollution load decrease. Capra & Semicolon (2004) present best mods for drop irrigation filtration. The reaction is done until third equation if there are not sulfate-reducing bacteria. Sulfide ions produced strongly affect to anodize and catholic reactions. In this article we are evaluating salt concentration and exiting sewage electrical directing of Isfahan Oil Refinery Company for application in green environment.

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) play an important role in the field of medical science in solving health problems and diagnosing diseases both in critical illnesses and in common diseases. Since it is important to diagnose accurately the people' disease condition, therefore for the precisely diagnosing those condition, we must use appropriate methods that to minimize the errors in diagnosis. So, using an appropriate method to diagnose heart disease and to prevent complications of the disease is an important step toward patients' improvement. Therefore, in this paper the presence or the absence of heart disease of the four datasets using Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) will be discussed. Each of the four datasets contains of 14 features that they are used to diagnose heart disease with GRNN. In this paper, GRNN have been implemented in MATLAB environment. The aim is maximizing the precision of measurement in accurately diagnosing heart disease in the process of training and testing. By comparing the results of each dataset, we found the best accuracy in the training phase that is equal to 100% which belongs to Switzerland and Long Beach VA datasets, and the best accuracy in the testing phase belongs to the Cleveland dataset that is equal to 96.6667%.