Two great public programs supporting entrepreneurship by young graduates have been conducted over the last twenty five years in Morocco. This was the program « Credit Young Promoters » and the Programme « Moukawalati ». However, a review of these two major programs shows very low results. The explanation is related to some inherent weaknesses and to some extrinsic issues. Following this review, we were able to develop some reflections that may help to overcome the mistakes made and consider the unknown angles. These reflections are based on the passage from a pushed flow strategy of entrepreneurial act to a pull flow strategy, from a short-term vision to a long-term one, from an endogenous approach to an exogenous one, from a "Project" approach to a "Person" approach and from an ad hoc training to lifelong learning. The goal is not to reduce the entrepreneurial into a simple workaround for the problem of unemployment, to adopt a clear and consistent vision over the long term, and to create a strong entrepreneurial chain where different stakeholders are actually and permanently engaged.
The abandoned mine area of the High Moulouya District still represents an important resource. Main activities closely related to the abandoned mine are artisanal extraction, fossil and mineral trade, tourism, agriculture, and scientific research. The aim of this work is to investigate the geochemistry of open pits and waters flowing out of abandoned mine galleries. These waters are used by the inhabitants for agricultural purposes. The quality of those waters is moderately bad, the waters show contamination by trace and heavy metal.
The particulate air pollution may be natural or anthropogenic, with different shapes and diameters of particles. What allow them to reach the lung and the blood increasing not only respiratory and cardiovascular disease but also the risk of mortality. To eliminate the particulate air pollution in a city such as Meknes, the study of the air pollution distribution in the urban area seems necessary. And as the mapping is the most suitable way for a good spatial representation, we had used geostatistics, which permits the characterization of the spatial variability of any property and, its estimate turns out to be very appropriate to map the phenomenon of dispersion. The maps obtained from of two interpolation methods, the deterministic method: IDW (Inverse distance weighting) and the geostatistical technique: Kriging, show that all districts of the Meknes city suffer from a large dust with different degrees, and that particulate air pollution in Meknes is not limited to the border area of pollution sources but it is characterized by the invasion of other areas (action of prevailing winds).
With the purpose of valorizing the Asteraceae family and ethnopharmacological heritage of the Meknes Tafilalet area in Morocco, an ethnobotanical study has been carried. A total of 344 interviews were done with out into the herbalists, traditional healers and druggists in the region of this area. This study enabled to inventory 48 exploited species belonging to 31 genera used to treat a variety of human diseases ; so, herbal remedies are often used to treat digestive disorders (18.6%), followed by the treatment of cardiovascular disorders (13.1%) and metabolic ones (12.5%). The leaves constitute the most used part (31.8%) and the most frequently employed modes of preparation for the majority of the remedies are the decoction (63.4%). Also, the species frequently used are : Anacyclus pyrethrum (11.6%), Dittrichia viscosa (7.6%) and Atractylis gummifera, Echinops spinosus and Calendula officinalis with 5.2 % each one.
The choice of educational media is associated with its important role and its great position in during lessons and education in general, and what it will bring to the heart of the educational process teaching / learning and that the selection of educational methods depends on its specifications, nature and function or role and the objectives that the teacher wants to reach by using these methods. In addition to the objectives and aims of the article, which cover some mechanisms that updates Arabic Language, and make a living familiar to the student, and that's according to the skills of the teacher and to his competence and ability to deliver knowledge to students with simple ways and overcome several problems such as student's skill weaknesses, when teacher fails at the development of student skills, and when the textbook fails also at meeting the suggested competencies and the desired skills by investing some of the mechanisms and motivational tools (teaching aids), and treating some didactic problems either in lesson plans or technical tools.
Polymers and polymeric composites have steadily reflected their importance in our daily life. Blending poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with a potentially useful natural biopolymers such as carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) seems to be an interesting way of preparing a polymeric blends. The aim of the work is to blend PVA/CMC of compositions (100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 20/80, and 0/100 wt/wt%) were prepared to be used as bioequivalent materials. The blend have been Characterised by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and swelling ratio. The obtained results showed variations in the FTIR spectra indicating the miscibility of the blend systems. More over the results showes improved swelling properties than the poly vinyl alcohol homopolymer.
The primary objective of this study is to answer the question: "Does the concept of business ethics differ according to gender?" The present study surveyed 265-working women. Of the 265 questionnaires returned, 15 questionnaires had to be canceled. The primary instrument utilized was a questionnaire developed by the researcher, with modifications recommended by referees. Questions measured on the 5-point Likert scale. We find that the women in industrial firms, who have a bachelor's degree, are married and 30 years-less than 40 years report that they understand the concept of business ethics.
In recent years, the expansion of the international investments in farmlands, commonly known as "land grabbing", lead the European Union to play a major role in this new process. The strong involvement of European investors would not take place without the existence of incentive policies covering several areas ranging from renewable energy, investment, trade, agriculture and aid programs. However, starting from the analysis of these policies coherence for development, we should admit that these policies guidelines contradict the commitments made by the Union within the framework of initiatives and programs against poverty and hunger in the world, in the fact that these investments lead to the displacement and dispossession of rural communities from their land and, therefore, from their livelihoods.
The epithelioid sarcoma proximal type is an aggressive malignancy tumor affecting young adults and expressing epithelial markers and CD34 (50% of cases). We report a case of epithelioid sarcoma proximal type in pleural localization in a young femelle 26 years. Through our observation we will illustrate the misleading and aggressive nature of this tumor that presents a diagnostic trap. The diagnosis is strictly pathological and need to carry out a thorough pathological examination.
Granular cell tumor (GCT) of the breast is an uncommon and a benign tumor that can mimics carcinoma clinically as well as radiographically. The GCT is characterized by a proliferation of large cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm of ubiquitar seat. We report a case of a granular cell tumor of axillary seat in a woman of 47 years. The diagnosis was confirmed at pathologic examination of percutaneous biopsy. The evolution of the granular cell tumor is often favorable. Surgery remains the treatment of choice. The diagnosis is exclusively pathological.
Traditional medicine was and is still currently sought by people who trust in the popular uses of medicinal and aromatic plants and who are unable to tolerate the modern medicine's costs. This ethnobotanic investigation aims to highlight the different uses of Pistacia lentiscus in Taounate city (North of MOROCCO). During the whole month of March 2014, a questionnaire was used with locals, herbalists and medical herbalists in the study area. Results of this investigation showed that P. lentiscus is primarily used for its therapeutic properties (78%), specifically against digestive diseases (75%). The majority of treatments was prepared by decoction (58%) from leaves (77 %) and was generally orally administered (77%) as herbal tea (60%). The cure rate is 90%. With therapeutic uses specified, cure rates indicated (90%) and absence of adverse effects reported, P. lentiscus could be a source of bioactive product for the formulation of new drugs.
Social media has changed the name of the game for businesses when it comes to marketing their products and services. These new online platforms provide an avenue for a more personal interaction among companies, prospects and existing customers which is no longer one-directional but rather an open forum with immediate responses. With its accessibility and affordability, even small businesses can now execute marketing initiatives that has a wider reach and larger impact especially in branding. In this paper, the author explores six independent factors of social media marketing which results in business growth. Each factor is carefully discussed and analyzed in order to determine how it brings about a positive impact to the business.
Aromatic and medicinal plants are a great source of complex molecules exploited by mankind in many industrial fields. Currently, the increasing use of natural occurring compounds has been observed and this fact justifies the increasing production of certain medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP). In this work, we were interested to valorize Juniperus phoenicea, a native species from Moroccan Eastern High Atlas (Tounfite). This plant is used in traditional medicine for its medicinal properties to treat many infectious diseases. J. phoenicea's leaves and fruits harvested in the flowering period (October 2013) have been subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The yields of extracted essential oils (EOs) are about 1.71% and 2.01% respectively for leaves and fruits. Analysis of the chemical composition of both EOs (from leaves and fruits), by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, has shown their richness in monoterpenes (81.05% and 51.73%) and sesquiterpenes (13.71% and 38.08%). Both EOs are widely dominated by ?-pinene (78.11% - 48.18% respectively). Antimicrobial activity of these oils was evaluated against four clinical strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results have shown that P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains are sensitive to leaves' EO with inhibition areas that reached 23 mm and 26 mm respectively. The same minimum inhibitory concentration of 5.60
Endometrial stromal tumors are rare and are less than 5% of uterine tumors. They are composed of cells closely resembling endometrial stromal cells in the proliferative phase. They are classified into two categories: the stromal nodules, benign, and endometrial stromal sarcomas, including endometrial stromal sarcoma (low grade) and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma (formerly high grade). The diagnosis is most often does retrospectively after histological analysis of the surgical specimen. The classical treatment is abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. The adjuvant treatment are not yet established and the optimal treatment of this entity is still not clear. We report the case of a patient of 46 years, admitted for pelvic pain with abdomino-pelvic mass Ultrasound and MRI have found a polymyomatous uterus with interstitial body mass with a compression effect on the endometrium. The patient underwent total hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, Histology with additional immunohistochemical concluded endometrial stromal sarcoma of low grade, stage IB, hormone receptor-negative. Through this rare case and with a literature review, we focus on the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic of that entity.
The PVT properties are used in a wide variety of reservoir engineering calculations such as material balance calculations and finite difference numerical simulations. For gas condensate reservoirs, the main PVT properties that are used to predict the gas condensate reservoir behavior are solution gas oil ratio, oil formation volume factor, gas formation volume factor and vaporized oil gas ratio. The best source of the PVT properties is the laboratory PVT analysis of reservoir fluid samples. In the absence of the experimentally measurement of these properties, the PVT properties must be calculated from empirical correlations. In this paper, new correlations were developed to determine the gas oil ratio and oil formation volume factor for gas condensate reservoirs. To estimate the constants of the new correlations of the gas oil ratio and oil formation volume factor for gas condensate reservoirs, about 300 values obtained from PVT reports of gas condensate fluid samples, were used. Whitson and Torp's method was used to generate the values of oil formation volume factor and used them for developing the new correlations for oil formation volume factor. These samples were selected to cover a wide range of gas condensate reservoirs properties such as pressure, temperature and oil gravity.
The climatic changes and the irregularity of the seasons of rain involved the adoption by the farmers of the varieties more plastic and adapted in their zone of culture that the improved varieties. In the objective to measure the response of the ecotypes to photoperiodism, a study of the sensitivity of 120 ecotypes of sorghum of Burkina Faso to the photoperiod was made using a test comprising two dates of sowing. These ecotypes come from the germplasm of the University of Ouagadougou, made up between 1984 and 1986 within the framework of the safeguarding of the diversity of the sorghum. It comes out from this study that all the studied ecotypes are photoperiodic and systematically reduce their cycle at the time of a delay the semi one. Also let us note that 46 % of the ecotypes showed a sensitivity moderate to the photoperiod (0<K?0,3), 38% a relatively significant sensitivity (0,3<K?0,6) and 16 % a strong sensitivity (0,6 < K?0,9). The flowering of the ecotypes occurred in the 25 days which preceded the average date by end of the rain season and floral initiation started and finished during the time to which the day is shorter than the night. We retain as this study as at the time of a delay of 3 weeks sowing the ecotypes lose 10 to 96% their seeds with an average of 66%.
The FAO statistics shows an important level of food insecurity and malnutrition in Cameroon rural zones, women and children being the most affected. To contribute to the auto-sufficiency of the rural population, several products derived from cocoa and coffee, like porridge made on cocoa, groundnuts and maize (AMACA porridge), soy-chocolate drink and yoghurt flavour with coffee had been developed and nutritionally characterized. Several formulations had been set up and the test of preference had permitted to define the best formulations. The nutritional analysis of the innovative products shows that soy-chocolate drink is an important source of proteins (3.6g/100g) and lipids (12.3g/100g). Its protein concentration is identical to that of milk. As soy-chocolate drink, the yoghurt flavor with coffee is an important source of protein, potassium and calcium; the concentrations are respectively equal to 3.9 g, 213mg and 136mg. The AMACA porridge is an important energetic diet, with an energetic value of 211Kcal/100ml which is much more superior to the minimal density recommended for pap (84 Kcal/100ml). It is equally an important source of proteins (12g) and lipids (15g), also of micro elements. The study of the acceptability of this innovative products on about 50 households in two pilot villages, demonstrate that the AMACA porridge is the most adapt diet, with an average consumption frequency of 27 times during 180 days. The principal constraints to the adoption of these innovations by households are the availability of raw materials, adapted transformation and conservation equipment.
In this paper our aim is to extend some notions of ordinary semiprime submodules into fuzzy semiprime. Also we introduce and study new properties of fuzzy semiprime submodules. Several results on fuzzy semiprime submodules are proved.
As rise in the cost and crises of energy, environmental behaviors pay immense attention to green computing approach to cope with the issues of energy crises. The goal of green computing is to sustain the environment eco-friendly and to make the system energy efficient. Green computing holds the field of computing as well as electronic component. Green computing is used to reduce the harmful use of computing and its relevant loss of energy and its impact on environment. Manufacturing, design, uses and implements the structure of computer in the global issue in the current generation. To solve this type of issues green computing is backbone in the field of computing. To prevent the waste use of energy consumption and carbon emission, an origin of green and safe computing is formulated application for green computing and analyzed for future impact. Green computing refers to supporting business essential computing system with least feasible amount of power or sustainable computing environment, conditions, energy efficiency and performance. The computer is not used only in offices but, everywhere such as in domestic and public. The approach as the healthy use of computers widely, provides the basic principle against the term drain away type of energy consumption. Through the development of programming codes which uses hardware, the goal can be achieved and green computing we can reduce resource consumptions and disposal of electronic waste that has impacts on the health. The goal of green computing is similar to green chemistry that reduces the use of hazardous material. This research conveys a survey to energy and health crises because of the computer systems, and introduces some better precautions to deal with the issues.
In absence of PVT laboratory experiments data on representative fluid samples, it is usually difficult to choose the appropriate PVT correlations to calculate oil viscosity. This difficulty will increase when input data to PVT correlations (oil API gravity, initial gas-oil ratio, specific gravity of separator gas and temperature) vary along the flow from one section to the other in the production system. However, the accuracy of these correlations has become inadequate for the best estimations. The achievements of the Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques alone open the door to use the hybrid system. This research focuses on the use of predictive NFuzzy model that is a result of combination of the learning capabilities of Neural Networks (NN) with the reasoning capabilities of Fuzzy Logic as a hybrid intelligent system. The proposed approach is based on clustering the PVT data into three clusters (heavy, medium and light oil) based on solution gas oil ratio. Around 500 to 2500 data points for each oil viscosity obtained from Middle East and worldwide laboratory measurements. The data were separated into two parts, 70% of data for training and the rest 30% were utilizing for testing. The present model used to estimate dead viscosity, saturated and under-saturated oil viscosity. Based on this result, we conclude that NFuzzy exhibits a robust predictive capability for estimation of oil viscosity by providing a good match with the measured values. The additional data samples were selected to compare and validate this model.
The causality, one of the results of the Hilbert transform on an analytic signal outlines on one hand the mathematical study on a measure that uses complex-valued functions by the Fourier transform (spectra) that takes into account, in general the negative frequencies, and on the other hand the measurement ustensils (observations) which give the real-valued signals with positive observable frequencies. Herein, we assume the signal denoted by x to be real.
Hassar stream is a watercourse of North East of Casablanca suburban which is a tributary of Mellah river. Until the end of 2012, Hassar stream received wastewater in crude state from Mediouna town causing a degradation of it ecological status and adverse effects on the local population. This work aims to make a first assessment of physicochemical water quality of this watercourse after installing the Mediouna StEp started in 2013. The first results recorded during the first six months of the study (November 2013 to April 2014) shows an improvement in the quality of Hassar stream with dissolved O2 values reaching up to 8,26 mg/l, COD maximum not exceeding 80 mg/l, a maximum BOD5 of 14 mg/l, a maximum content of MES 30 mg/l, ammonium ion (NH4+) in concentrations of 0,9 to 7,8 mg / l, orthophosphates from 0,48 to 11,62 mg/l and nitrates from 4,7 to 25,3 mg/l. These results show that the majority of the stations of the Hassar stream have an average to good quality and the beginning of physicochemical resilience of Hassar stream's waters would be initiated.
The Wild landfill of Akouedo welcomes all waste from Abidjan district for 50 years, currently more than one million tonnes of waste per year. For several years, considerable damage and disasters are attributed to this landfill whose exploitation is the most succinct like what happens in major African cities. Previous studies have shown that the environment of this discharge is completely polluted. It therefore represents a risk not only to human health but also for the lagoon ecosystem and the slick of Abidjan. The objective of this study is to make states places in the aim to better understand the significance of impacts, characterize the types of occupation of the site planned for the landfill and to conduct a survey of local residents and users (actors operating on the landfill site: recuperators, farmers and traders) to better assess the impact of this discharge on the socio-economic situation of the latters. The outcome analysis of the description of the physical setting has proven, through the impacts observed, that the discharge adversely affects the environment and the living cadre of Abidjan populations in general and riparian in particular. However, the landfill site is the seat of intense cultural activities and recovery. The crops grown are mostly market gardening (okra, tomatoes ...) and food (banana, cassava, corn ...). On the other hand, the socio-economic analysis arising from the survey of local residents and users of the landfill indicated that the activities of recovery and cultivation operated on the site is an important source of income for the latters.
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